0001836875-23-000066 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Schedule of Components of Income (Loss) before Taxes


Income (loss) before taxes includes the following components:
	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
United States	$	(22,719,272)	$	(74,262,131)
Foreign	(1,837,434)		(354,181)
Total income (loss) before income taxes	(24,556,706)		(74,616,312)

Schedule of income tax expense

Income tax expense is summarized as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Federal	$	—	$	—
State	800		1,000
Current income tax expense	800		1,000

Federal	—		—
State	—		—
Deferred income tax expense	$	—	$	—

Income tax expense	$	800	$	1,000

Schedule of reconciliation of the income tax expense

The reconciliation between the income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate of 21% to loss before taxes is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021
Federal income tax benefit at statutory federal tax rate	$	(5,160,372)			$	(15,669,426)
State income tax, net of federal benefit	(823,890)				(776,843)


Noncontrolling interest	113,157				449,037
Stock compensation	624,065				452,444
Change in fair value of warrants	(2,517,157)				65,604
162(m) excess compensation	—				237,247
Change in valuation allowance	7,666,631				9,413,411
Finance costs	54,802				5,643,259
Other	43,564				186,267
Income tax expense	$	800	$	800	$	1,000

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Equity investment	$	(489,911)	$	(576,523)
Accrued liabilities and other	1,118,256		1,007,644
Right-of-use assets	(1,246,870)		(845,240)
Lease liabilities	1,389,893		845,240
Research and experimental expenditures	1,507,144		—
Net operating losses	15,772,670		9,953,429
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance	18,051,182		10,384,550
Valuation allowance	(18,051,182)		(10,384,550)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	—	$	—

Organization and Description of Business	12 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	Organization and Description of Business (a)Description of Business Nuvve Holding Corp., a corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (the “Company” or “Nuvve”), formerly known as NB Merger Corp., was founded on November 10, 2020 under the laws of the State of Delaware. On March 19, 2021, the Company (at the time known as NB Merger Corp.) acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”), and the Company changed its name to Nuvve Holding Corp. (See Business Combination below). The Company owns 100% of Nuvve Corporation, a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (“Nuvve Corp.”), which was founded on October 18, 2010, to develop and commercialize Vehicle to Grid ("V2G") technology. Nuvve has developed a proprietary V2G technology, including the Company’s Grid Integrated Vehicle (“GIVe™”) cloud-based software platform, that enables it to link multiple electric vehicle ("EV") batteries into a virtual power plant ("VPP") to provide bi-directional energy to the electrical grid in a qualified and secure manner. The VPP can generate revenue by selling or making available to utility companies excess energy when the price is relatively high or buying energy when the price is relatively low. The V2G technology may allow energy users to reduce energy peak consumption and enable utilities to reduce the required internally generated peak demand. This V2G technology was initially developed in 1996 by Dr. Willett Kempton, Ph.D, at the University of Delaware and is now being deployed for commercial use as a part of the management of fleets of electric vehicles, including buses. Nuvve’s technology is patent protected. Nuvve’s first commercial operation was proven in Copenhagen in 2016. Since then, Nuvve has established operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Denmark. In addition to Nuvve’s algorithms and software, Nuvve provides complete V2G solutions to its customers, including V2G bi-directional chargers which are preconfigured to work with Nuvve’s GIVe platform. The Company’s technology is compatible with several charger manufacturers both in Direct Current ("DC") (such as CHAdeMO, a DC charging standard for electric vehicles, enabling seamless communication between the vehicle and the charger) and Alternative Current ("AC") mode. (b)Structure of the Company Nuvve has two wholly owned subsidiaries, Nuvve Corp. and Nuvve Pennsylvania LLC. Nuvve Corp. has four wholly owned subsidiaries: (1) Nuvve Denmark ApS, (“Nuvve Denmark”), a company registered in Denmark, (2) Nuvve SaS, a company registered in France, (3) Nuvve KK (Nuvve Japan), a company registered in Japan, and (4) Nuvve LTD, a company registered in United Kingdom. Nuvve Norway, a company registered in Norway is a branch of Nuvve Denmark. On August 4, 2021, the Company formed Levo Mobility LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Levo"), with Stonepeak Rocket Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Stonepeak"), and Evolve Transition Infrastructure LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Evolve"). Levo is a consolidated entity of the Company. Please see Note 2 for the principles of consolidation. Levo is a sustainable infrastructure company focused on rapidly advancing the electrification of transportation by funding V2G enabled EV fleet deployments. Levo utilizes Nuvve’s V2G technology and committed capital from Stonepeak and Evolve to offer Fleet-as-a-Service ("FaaS") for school buses, last-mile delivery, ride hailing and ride sharing, municipal services, and more to eliminate the primary barriers to EV fleet adoption including large upfront capital investments and lack of expertise in securing and managing EVs and associated charging infrastructure. Levo's turnkey solution simplifies and streamlines electrification, can lower the total cost of EV operation for fleet owners, and supports the grid when the EVs are not in use. For a fixed monthly payment with no upfront cost, Levo will provide the EVs, such as electric school buses, charging infrastructure powered by Nuvve’s V2G platform, EV and charging station maintenance, energy management, and technical advice. Levo initially focuses on electrifying school buses, providing associated charging infrastructure, and delivering V2G services to enable safer and healthier transportation for children while supporting carbon dioxide emission reduction, renewable energy integration, and improved grid resiliency.

Intangible Assets - Schedule of estimated future amortization expense amortizable intangible assets (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	137,770
2027	132,770
Thereafter	652,789
Total estimated future amortization expense	$ 1,341,640

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of other share based compensation information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	$ 245,748	$ 576,528
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$ 6,195,461
Weighted average remaining recognition period	2 years 6 months 18 days

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Equity investment	$ (489,911)	$ (576,523)
Accrued liabilities and other	1,118,256	1,007,644
Right-of-use assets	(1,246,870)	(845,240)
Lease liabilities	1,389,893	845,240
Research and experimental expenditures	1,507,144	0
Net operating losses	15,772,670	9,953,429
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance	18,051,182	10,384,550
Valuation allowance	(18,051,182)	(10,384,550)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$ 0	$ 0

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 21, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40296
Entity Registrant Name	NUVVE HOLDING CORP.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	86-1617000
Entity Address, Address Line One	2488 Historic Decatur Road,
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego,
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92106
City Area Code	(619)
Local Phone Number	456-5161
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 53,321,416
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		25,024,298
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Specified portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the conclusion of the registrant’s year ended December 31, 2022.
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001836875
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	NVVE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrants
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Trading Symbol	NVVEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000	$	864,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	218,884	$	218,884	$	2,445,462
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	359,225	$	359,225	$	152,723
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	580,109	$	580,109	$	12,139,185


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2021		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2021
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	866,000	$	866,000	$	387,228
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000	$	8,677,000	$	(699,628)
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	511,948	$	511,948	$	(14,342)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	10,054,948	$	10,054,948	$	(326,742)

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the private warrants (Note 11) and derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Private Warrants		Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants		Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000	$	8,677,000	$	2,664,346	$	511,948






Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(864,000)		(8,677,000)		(2,445,462)		(152,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,000	$	—	$	218,884	$	359,225

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.2 years, risk free rate of 4.2%, no dividends, volatility of 67.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2021 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 4.2 years, risk free rate of 1.2%, no dividends, volatility of 54.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 5.1 years, risk free rate of 3.97%, no dividends, volatility of 62.0%, and strike price of $0.50.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 1.6 years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 4.0%, no dividends, volatility of 63.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at December 31, 2021 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 3.0 years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 1.40%, no dividends, volatility of 53.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2022 and 2021.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are generally carried on the cost basis, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs and valuation methodologies used for the Company’s fair value measurements of non-recurring (level 3) unvested Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants at December 31, 2022:


	Series C Unvested Warrants	Series D Unvested Warrants	Series E Unvested Warrants	Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$0.0	$0.0	$0.0	$0.0
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	8.40	8.40	8.40	8.40
Risk free rate	3.9%	3.9%	3.9%	3.9%
Exercise price	$15.0	$20.0	$30.0	$40.0
Volatility	56.0%	56.0%	56.0%	56.0%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$125.0	$250.0	$375.0	$500.0
Probability of warrants vesting (a)	—%	—%	—%	—%

__________________

(a) During the second quarter ended June 30, 2022, the Company significantly lowered its forecast of Levo's capital deployments due to the passage by the United States Congress of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act bill, and the related unveiling of the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2022 Clean School Bus rebates. The resulting lower forecast of capital deployments reduced the probabilities of the future vesting of the unvested warrants.


	Series C Unvested Warrants	Series D Unvested Warrants	Series E Unvested Warrants	Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$3.2	$2.4	$1.7	$1.3
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	9.40	9.40	9.40	9.40
Risk free rate	1.5%	1.5%	1.5%	1.5%
Exercise price	$15.0	$20.0	$30.0	$40.0
Volatility	54.0%	54.0%	54.0%	54.0%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$125.0	$250.0	$375.0	$500.0
Probability of warrants vesting	90.7%	75.8%	63.8%	54.5%

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs and valuation methodologies at December 31, 2021 used for the Company’s fair value measurements of non-recurring (level 3) Stonepeak and Evolve warrants and securities purchase agreement to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at the date of issuance of May 17, 2021:


	Series B Warrants	Series C Warrants	Series D Warrants	Series E Warrants	Series F Warrants	Options
Fair value (in millions)	$12.8	$5.6	$4.8	$3.8	$3.2	$12.6
Valuation methodology	Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Black Scholes
Term (years)	10	10	10	10	10	7.50
Risk free rate	1.6%	1.6%	1.6%	1.6%	1.6%	1.4%
Exercise price	$10.0	$15.0	$20.0	$30.0	$40.0	$50.0

Volatility	55.0%	55.0%	55.0%	55.0%	55.0%	57.0%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	N/A	$125.0	$250.0	$375.0	$500.0	N/A
Probability of warrants vesting	100.0%	96.9%	87.7%	78.2%	69.9%	N/A

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$ 15,753,896	$ 32,360,520
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,942,145	1,036,645
Total Assets	41,199,590	52,914,543
Liabilities
Accounts payable	2,390,422	5,738,873
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	3,347,399	2,874,018
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	359,225	511,948
Total Liabilities	13,960,946	23,000,199
Variable Interest Entity \| Levo Mobility LLC
Assets
Cash	27,629	28,446
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	59,794	0
Total Assets	87,423	28,446
Liabilities
Accounts payable	8,165	0
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	336,713	116,754
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	359,225	511,948
Total Liabilities	$ 704,103	$ 628,702

Investments	12 Months Ended
Investments	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments [Abstract]
Investments	Investments The Company accounts for its 13% equity ownership in Dreev as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company has a consulting services agreement with Dreev related to software development and operations. The consulting services were zero for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. In accordance with an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch, a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom through an advance subscription agreement for a future equity ownership expected to be more or less than 5% subject to final valuations. Switch will automatically award the Company the equity ownership with conversion shares in equity upon its completion of either a financing round, company sale or IPO, or dissolution event. The Company accounts for the investment as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company and Switch intend to collaborate in the future to integrate technologies for the advancement of V2G.

Leases - Lessor (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Leases - Lessor (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract	10 years
Operating Lease, Lease Income, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Total revenue
Master services agreement
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract	10 years
Lease income	$ 99,981	$ 0
Interest income	3,341	0
Total lease income	$ 103,322	$ 0

Property, Plant, and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:


	Useful Lives			As of December 31,
				2022		2021

Computers & servers	1 year	to	3 years	$	130,417	$	105,499
Vehicles	5 years	to	7 years	139,788		168,862

Office furniture and equipment	3 years	to	5 years	326,613		161,771
DC Chargers (1)	5 years	to	7 years	256,685		6,050
Total				853,503		442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation				(216,559)		(85,988)
Property, plant and equipment, net				$	636,944	$	356,194

				As of December 31,
				2022		2021
Depreciation expense				$	150,099	$	27,280

__________________

(1) Represents DC Charges temporary loan out to customer while their DC Charges being repaired.

Leases - Sublease (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Leases - Sublease (Details)	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net area subleased \| ft²	4,811
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease term	6 months
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 2,250
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease term	12 months
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 14,500
Other, net
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease lease income		$ 143,192	$ 0

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic	$ (24,928,377)	$ (72,842,401)
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted	$ (24,928,377)	$ (72,842,401)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in Shares)	20,971,896	16,654,495
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in Shares)	20,971,896	16,654,495
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption	$ 18,629
Issuance Costs Related to Preferred Stock	5,979,675
Less issuance costs	$ 2,500

Stockholders’ Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has authorized two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, common stock, and preferred stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 101,000,000, of which 100,000,000 authorized shares are Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 1,000,000 authorized shares are Preferred Stock of the par value of $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”).

Preferred Stock

The Board of Directors is expressly granted authority to issue shares of the Preferred Stock, in one or more series, and to fix for each such series such voting powers, full or limited, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors providing for the issue of such series (a “Preferred Stock Designation”) and as may be permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, without a separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to any Preferred Stock Designation. No preferred stock of Nuvve Holding have been issued and or are outstanding.

Common Stock

General: The voting, dividend, liquidation, conversion, and stock split rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock of any series as may be designated by the Board of Directors upon any issuance of the Preferred Stock of any series. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Company entitled to vote.

Voting: Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held by such holder. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the

Company (as in effect at the time in question) (the “Bylaws”) and applicable law on all matters put to a vote of the stockholders of the Company.

Dividends: Subject to the rights of any holders of any shares of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence and be outstanding, the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to the payment of dividends when and as declared by the Board of Directors in accordance with applicable law and to receive other distributions from the Company. Any dividends declared by the Board of Directors to the holders of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be paid to the holders thereof pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder as of the record date of such dividend.

Liquidation: Subject to the rights of any holders of any shares of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence and be outstanding, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the funds and assets of the Corporation that may be legally distributed to the Corporation’s stockholders shall be distributed among the holders of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder.

Shelf Registration and At the Market Offering

On April 25, 2022, the Company filed a shelf registration statement (the "Registration Statement") with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) which will allow it to issue unspecified amounts of common stock, preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, and units consisting of any combination of any of the foregoing securities, in one or more series, from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on May 5, 2022. The Company believes that it will be able to raise capital by issuing securities pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement ("Sales Agreement"), with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (the "Agents"). From time to time during the term of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. The Agents will collect a fee equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price of all shares of common stock sold. Shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement are offered and sold pursuant to the Registration Statement

described above. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 792,882 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement at an average price of $4.97 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $3.8 million. The Sales Agreement terminated on its terms in June 2022.

Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants

On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), relating to the issuance and sale of 2,150,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock (the “Common Stock”), pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,850,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants (the “July 2022 Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock in a registered direct offering (the “July 2022 Offering”). The offering closed on July 29, 2022.

The offering price for the Shares, and accompanying July 2022 Warrants, was $3.50 per Share and the offering price for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and accompanying was $3.4999 per Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the per Share public offering price less $0.0001 per share exercise price for each Pre-Funded Warrant. Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions. The July 2022 Warrants have an exercise price of $3.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, and each July 2022 Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The July 2022 Warrants are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance and the Pre-Funded Warrants are be exercisable immediately upon issuance. The Pre-Funded Warrants terminate when fully exercised and the July 2022 Warrants terminate five years from the initial exercisability date. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the July 2022 Offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were approximately $13.1 million, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrants. The Company used the net proceeds from the July 2022 Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. The fair values of the Pre-Funded warrants are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders' equity as the Pre-Funded warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification. The Warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the unvested warrants recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) was the exclusive placement agent for the Offering.

The July 2022 Offering was made pursuant to the Registration Statement, a base prospectus included as part of the registration statement, and a final prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 28, 2022, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Placement Agency Agreement

In connection with the July 2022 Offering, the Company also entered into a Placement Agency Agreement with the Placement Agent. Pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company paid to the Placement Agent a fee equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the July 2022 Offering in the form of cash.

Warrants - Stonepeak and Evolve

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a letter of agreement, relating to the formation of Levo (the "Letter Agreement"), the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve ten years warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the warrants issued to Stonepeak and Evolve were: series B $12.8 million, series C $5.6 million, series D $4.8 million, series E $3.8 million and series F $3.2 million. The fair values of the vested warrants are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders' equity as the warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification. The unvested warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as the unvested warrants are deemed not to be indexed to the Company’s common stock. See Note 4 for details.

•Series B warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, which are fully vested upon issuance,

•Series C warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $15.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $125 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

•Series D warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $20.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $250 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

•Series E warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $30.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $375 million in aggregate capital expenditures, and

•Series F warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $40.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate capital expenditures.

The warrants may be exercised at any time on or after the date that is 180 days after the applicable vesting date.

Under the terms of the Letter Agreement, Stonepeak and Evolve will fund acquisition and construction costs up to an aggregate conditional capital commitment of $750 million. Stonepeak and Evolve will have the option to upsize their conditional capital commitments when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate conditional capital expenditures. See Note 19 of our 2021 Form 10-K/A for further description of the terms of the capital commitment with Stonepeak and Evolve.

Warrants - Public and Private

In connection with its initial public offering on February 19, 2020, Newborn sold 5,750,000 units, which included one warrant to purchase Newborn’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”). Also, on February 19, 2020, NeoGenesis Holding Co., Ltd., Newborn’s sponsor (“the Sponsor”), purchased an aggregate of 272,500 private units, each of which included one warrant (the “Private Warrants”), which have the same terms as the Public Warrants. Upon completion of the merger between Nuvve and Newborn, the Public Warrants and Private Warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company.

Each of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one-half of a share of Nuvve’s Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The term of the warrants commenced on March 19, 2021, the date of completion of the Business Combination, and expire on March 19, 2026. The Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, only in the event that the last sale price of the ordinary shares is at least $16.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such Warrants during the 30 day redemption period. If the Company decides to redeem the warrants as described above, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.”

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants as described above, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement (Note 2), on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase 1,425,000 of Newborn’s common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 (the PIPE). Upon closing of the PIPE immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination (Note 2), the PIPE investors also received 1.9 PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Stock for each share of Common Stock purchased. The PIPE Warrants are each exercisable for one-half of a common share at $11.50 per share and have the same terms as described above for the Public Warrants. The PIPE investors received demand and piggyback registration rights in connection with the securities issued to them.

Because the Private Warrants have dissimilar terms with respect to the Company’s redemption rights depending on the holder of the Private Warrants, the Company determined that the Private Warrants are required to be carried as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. The Private Warrant is reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 in the amount of $2,000 and $866,000 respectively, and the change in the fair value of the Private Warrant for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of is reflected as a gain of $864,000 and $387,228 respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:


	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	—	2,875,000	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	—	136,250	$11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	—	1,353,750	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B	2,000,000	—	2,000,000	$10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C	1,000,000	—	500,000	$15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D	1,000,000	—	500,000	$20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E	1,000,000	—	500,000	$30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F	1,000,000	—	500,000	$40.00	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants	1,850,000	1,850,000	—	$0.0001	Until Exercised in Full
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	—	4,000,000	$3.75	January 29, 2028
	16,215,000	1,850,000	12,365,000

Unit Purchase Option

On February 19, 2020, Newborn sold to the underwriters of its initial public offering for $100, a unit purchase option ("UPO") to purchase up to a total of 316,250 units at $11.50 per unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $3,636,875) commencing on the date of Newborn's initial business combination, March 19, 2021, and expiring February 13, 2025. Each unit issuable upon exercise of the UPO consists of one and one-tenth of a share of the Company's common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at the exercise price of $11.50 per share. The warrant has the same terms as the Public Warrant. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of the UPO or the warrants underlying the UPO. The holders of the unit purchase option have demand and "piggy back" registration rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the IPO, including securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The UPO is classified within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets as “additional paid-in capital” in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as the UPO is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

Put Option

On March 19, 2021, the Closing Date of the Business Combination, EDF Renewables exercised its put option on the Company’s common shares held by them (see Note 2). As a result, on April 26, 2021, the Company reacquired 134,449 shares of the Company's Common Stock from EDF Renewables for $2,000,000 in cash, at a price per share of approximately $14.87 (the average closing price over the five trading days preceding the date of exercise). Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, purchased from Nuvve the 134,499 shares at $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a Letter Agreement relating to the formation of a venture, Levo, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Stonepeak and Evolve which provides them from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, with the option in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). The grant-date fair value of the options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock was $12.6 million, and is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as equity in additional-paid-in capital, as it is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

In connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, as reference above, the Company also entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “RRA”) with Stonepeak and Evolve. The SPA includes customary representations and warranties and closing conditions and customary indemnification provisions. In addition, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect to purchase shares under the SPA on a cashless basis in the event of a change of control of the Company.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (c)
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 14
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126731327&loc=SL126733271-114008

+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Assets
Cash	$ 15,753,896	$ 32,360,520
Restricted cash	480,000	380,000
Accounts receivable, net	1,121,694	1,886,708
Inventories	11,551,831	11,118,188
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,942,145	1,036,645
Total Current Assets	31,849,566	46,782,061
Property and equipment, net	636,944	356,194
Intangible assets, net	1,341,640	1,481,077
Investment in equity securities	1,670,951	670,951
Investment in leases	97,054	0
Right-of-use operating lease assets	5,305,881	3,483,042
Financing receivables	288,872	138,161
Security deposit, long-term	8,682	3,057
Total Assets	41,199,590	52,914,543
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	2,390,422	5,738,873
Accrued expenses	3,347,399	2,874,018
Deferred revenue	1,221,497	719,771
Operating lease liabilities - current	824,326	41,513
Other liabilities	113,844	110,574
Total Current Liabilities	7,897,488	9,484,749
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,090,170	3,441,642
Warrants liability	220,884	9,543,000
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	359,225	511,948
Other long-term liabilities	393,179	18,860
Total Liabilities	13,960,946	23,000,199
Commitments and Contingencies
Mezzanine equity
Redeemable non-controlling interests, preferred shares, zero par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 3,138 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; aggregate liquidation preference of $3,464,606 and $3,200,760 at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.	3,547,765	2,901,899
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 and 30,000,000 shares authorized; 24,272,150 and 18,861,130 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	2,427	1,888
Additional paid-in capital	144,073,505	122,336,607
Accumulated other comprehensive income	76,182	113,446
Accumulated deficit	(116,956,528)	(92,937,863)
Nuvve Holding Corp. Stockholders’ Equity	27,195,586	29,514,078
Non-controlling interests	(3,950,186)	(2,501,633)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	23,245,400	27,012,445
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine equity and Stockholders’ Equity	41,199,590	52,914,543
Class D Incentive Units
Mezzanine equity
Class D Incentive units, zero par value, 1,000,000 units authorized, 250,000 units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022	445,479	0
Cumulative Preferred Stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, value, issued	$ 0	$ 0

Non-Controlling Interest - Condensed consolidated statements of operations (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (538,841)	$ (2,138,272)

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,221,497
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 134,500
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 49,578
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,037,419
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventory by category

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
DC Chargers	$	9,248,398	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers	123,247		232,920
Vehicles - School Buses	1,620,000		3,180,000
Others	560,186		17,670
Total	$	11,551,831	$	11,118,188

Non-Controlling Interest

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Non-Controlling Interest

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

Levo Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

Levo is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of series B preferred stock at no par value.

The Series B Preferred Stock (a) pays a dividend, when, as and if declared by Levo's Board of Directors, of 8.0% per annum of the stated value per share, payable quarterly in arrears, (b) has an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, and dividends are paid in cash. Levo accrues for undeclared and unpaid dividends as they are payable in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. At December 31, 2022, Levo had cumulative unpaid accrued preferred dividends of $326,606 on 3,138 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Series B Preferred Stock is not a participating or convertible securities. Series B Preferred Stock is not currently redeemable but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo or the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. Since the redeemable preferred stock may be redeemed by the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event that is not solely within the control of Levo, but is not mandatorily redeemable; therefore, based on its characteristics, Levo has classified the Series B Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity.

At December 31, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:


Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Stated Value per Share		Initial Carrying Value		Accrued Preferred Dividends		Liquidation Preference
1,000,000	3,138	$	1,000	$	3,138,000	$	326,606	$	3,464,606

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. See Note 5 for detail disclosure of the derivative liability.

The redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity, and initially recognized at fair value of $3,138,000, the proceeds on the date of issuance. This amount has been further reduced by $497,606 the fair value of the embedded derivative liability at date of issuance, resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value of $2,640,394. Levo is accreting the difference between the adjusted carrying initial value and the redemption price value over the seven-year period from date of issuance of August 4, 2021 through July 4, 2028 (the date at which the preferred shareholders have the unconditional right to redeem the shares, deemed to be the earliest likely redemption date) using the effective interest method. The accretion to the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to retained earnings of Levo. As of December 31, 2022, Levo has accreted $645,866 resulting in the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock of $3,547,765.

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021




Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Less: dividends paid or accrued to non-controlling interests	263,846		101,856
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment	645,866		261,505
Non-controlling interests	$	(1,448,553)	$	(2,501,633)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021


Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(538,841)	$	(2,138,272)

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	2,901,899	$	—
Beginning redemption value (at fair value)	—		3,138,000
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - embedded derivatives	—		497,606
Adjusted initial carrying value	2,901,899		2,640,394

Preferred share accretion adjustment	645,866		261,505
Ending balance	$	3,547,765	$	2,901,899

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

In April 2022, Levo issued Class D Incentive Units to certain key employees in the form of profits interests within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Service (“Profits Interests”). Any future distributions under the Profits Interests will only occur once distributions made to all other member units exceed a threshold amount. The Company performed an analysis of the key features of the Profits Interests to determine whether the nature of the Profits Interests are (a) an equity award which should be accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation or (b) a bonus arrangement which should be accounted for under ASC 710, Compensation – General. Based on the features of the Profits Interests, the awards are considered stock compensation to be accounted for as equity. Accordingly, compensation expense for the Profits Interests will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards.

Subject to the grantee not incurring a termination prior to the applicable vesting date, the Incentive Units vest as follows: (i) 80% of the Incentive Units will vest in equal 25% installments on each of the first four (4) anniversaries of the grant date (such that 80% of the total number of Incentive Units issued to the grantee hereunder will be vested on the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date) and (ii) the remaining 20% of the Incentive Units will vest upon a Change of Control. Therefore, the expenses recorded will only reflect the 80% vesting portion.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded compensation expense, included in selling, general, and administrative, under the Profits Interests of $445,479.

The Company uses the Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the year ended December 31, 2022.


	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years) (1)	5.5

Risk-free interest rate (2)	3.02	%
Volatility (3)	69.50	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(3)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28

As of December 31, 2022, there was $1,991,555 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Class D Incentive Units. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 3.3 years.

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of black-scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options (Details) - 2020 Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life of options (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days
Dividend yield	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.75%
Volatility	56.20%

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross intangible asset	$ 2,091,556	$ 2,091,556
Amortization expense of intangible assets	139,437	139,437
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	749,916	$ 610,480
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 1,341,640
Acquire finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life	9 years 9 months 18 days

Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 853,503	$ 442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(216,559)	(85,988)
Property and equipment, net	636,944	356,194
Depreciation expense	$ 150,099	27,280
Useful Lives	20 years
Computers & servers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 130,417	105,499
Computers & servers \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	1 year
Computers & servers \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 139,788	168,862
Vehicles \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Vehicles \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	7 years
Office furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 326,613	161,771
Office furniture and equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Office furniture and equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
DC Chargers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 256,685	$ 6,050
DC Chargers \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
DC Chargers \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	7 years

Non-Controlling Interest - Series B Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,464,606	$ 3,200,760
Series B Preferred Stock \| Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 1,000
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, fair value	$ 3,138,000
Temporary equity, accretion of dividends	326,606
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,464,606

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (24,557,506)	$ (74,617,312)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(37,264)	191,287
Total Comprehensive loss	(24,594,770)	(74,426,025)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests, net taxes	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(24,055,929)	(72,287,753)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	(263,846)	(101,856)
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(645,866)	(261,505)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (23,146,217)	$ (71,924,392)

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Embedded Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$ 359,225	$ 511,948
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants, Change in fair value of derivative liability
Other Long-term Liabilities
Embedded Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$ 359,225	$ 511,948

Organization and Description of Business (Details)	12 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 subsidiary
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Company ownership	100.00%
Nuvve
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries	2
Nuvve Corp.
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries	4

Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)						1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Feb. 17, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Jul. 27, 2022	May 05, 2022	Mar. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 06, 2022	May 17, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Amount of purchase			$ 14,000,000
Agent fee percentage						6.00%
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)										$ 50.00
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs							$ 3,763,494	$ 0
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)			$ 3.50
Switch EV
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of equity method investments					$ 1,300,000
Equity method investments									$ 1,000,000
Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares)			2,150,000
At The Market Offering
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Amount of purchase				$ 25,000,000
Agent fee percentage				3.00%
Purchased shares (in Shares)							792,882
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)							$ 4.97
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs							$ 3,800,000
Subsequent Event \| At The Market Offering
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Amount of purchase		$ 25,000,000
Agent fee percentage		3.00%
Placement agent fee, reimbursement amount		$ 50,000
Purchased shares (in Shares)		78,638
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)		$ 1.79
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 100,000
Subsequent Event \| Registered Direct Offering [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Agent fee percentage	3.00%
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs	$ 500,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.92
Subsequent Event \| Registered Direct Offering [Member] \| Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares)	543,478

Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

At both December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had recorded a gross intangible asset balance of $2,091,556, which is related to patent and intangible property rights acquired. Amortization expense of intangible assets were $139,437 for each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Accumulated amortization totaled $749,916 and $610,480 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The net amount of intangible assets of $1,341,640 at December 31, 2022, will be amortized over the weighted average remaining life of 9.8 years.

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:


2023	$	139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	137,770
2027	132,770
Thereafter	652,789
	$	1,341,640

Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense amortizable intangible assets

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:


2023	$	139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	137,770
2027	132,770
Thereafter	652,789
	$	1,341,640

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 17, 2017	Nov. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 20, 2021	Sep. 01, 2016
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Installment amount			$ 400,000	$ 400,000		$ 400,000
Related party debt outstanding			$ 266,667
Useful Lives			20 years
Royalty expense, aggregate amount under agreement			$ 700,000
Royalty expense			0	0
Acquisition costs, amortization period		15 years
Investment			$ 270,000
Purchase obligation					$ 13,200,000
Purchase obligation, purchases				$ 6,300,000
IP Acquisition Agreement
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Asset acquisition, upfront payment		$ 500,000
Asset acquisition, equity consideration transferred		1,491,556
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred		$ 1,991,556
Royalties payments	$ 7,500,000

Leases - Schedule of operating lease liability maturity (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Operating Lease
2023	$ 860,418
2024	892,212
2025	893,046
2026	921,273
2027	946,683
Thereafter	3,798,554
Total lease payments	8,312,186
Less: interest	(2,397,690)
Total lease liabilities	5,914,496
Finance Lease
2023	7,184
2024	7,184
2025	7,184
2026	1,796
2027	0
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	23,348
Less: interest	(3,205)
Total lease liabilities	$ 20,143

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - USD ($)	Total	EDF Renewables	Common Stock	Common Stock EDF Renewables	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital EDF Renewables	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interests	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Preferred Stock
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			26,162,122							16,789,088
Balances at Dec. 31, 2020	$ (881,710)		$ 2,616		$ 19,650,659		$ (77,841)	$ (20,458,823)	$ 0	$ 1,679
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization (in Shares)			(17,039,126)							(16,789,088)
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization			$ (1,704)		3,383					$ (1,679)
Balances, as previously reported and effect of reverse recapitalization (in Shares)			9,122,996
Balances as previously reported and effect of reverse recapitalization	(881,710)		$ 912		19,654,041		(77,841)	(20,458,823)	0
Beneficial conversion feature - convertible debenture	427,796				427,796
Conversion of convertible debenture (in Shares)			544,178
Conversion of convertible debenture	3,999,435		$ 54		3,999,381
Repurchase of shares (in Shares)			(134,500)	(600,000)
Repurchase of shares	0	$ (6,000,000)	$ (13)	$ (60)	13	$ (5,999,940)
Assumption of private warrant liability from Newborn	(1,253,228)				(1,253,228)
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption of issuance costs (in Shares)			8,060,418
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption	51,485,627		$ 806		51,484,821
Placement agent fee paid in common stock (in Shares)			208,532
Placement agent fee paid in common stock	2,085,320		$ 21		2,085,299
PIPE offering, less issuance costs (in Shares)			1,425,000
PIPE offering, less issuance costs	14,247,500		$ 143		14,247,357
Notice of exercise of put option	(2,000,000)				(2,000,000)
Issuance of warrants to Stonepeak and Evolve	22,310,574				22,310,574
Issuance of options to purchase shares of common stock to Stonepeak and Evolve	12,584,000				12,584,000
Exercise of stock options (in Shares)			234,506
Exercise of stock options	576,528		$ 25		576,503
Stock-based compensation	4,219,989				4,219,989
Currency translation adjustment	191,287						191,287
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	(101,856)								(101,856)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(261,505)								(261,505)
Net loss	(74,617,312)							(72,479,040)	(2,138,272)
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			18,861,130							0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	27,012,445		$ 1,888		122,336,607		113,446	(92,937,863)	(2,501,633)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Placement agent fee paid in common stock (in Shares)			792,882
Placement agent fee paid in common stock	3,763,496		$ 79		3,763,417
Exercise of stock options (in Shares)			134,499
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			483,639
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units	245,723		$ 47		245,676
Exercise of stock options	1,994,072		$ 13		1,994,059
Stock-based compensation	5,328,492				5,328,492
Currency translation adjustment	(37,264)						(37,264)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	(263,846)								(263,846)
Proceeds from Direct Offering (in Shares)			2,150,000
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs	10,405,469		$ 215		10,405,254
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(645,866)								(645,866)
Issuance of Common Shares related to Warrants (in Shares)			1,850,000
Issuance of Common Shares related to Warrants	185		$ 185
Net loss	(24,557,506)							(24,018,665)	(538,841)
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			24,272,150							0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 23,245,400		$ 2,427		$ 144,073,505		$ 76,182	$ (116,956,528)	$ (3,950,186)	$ 0

Non-Controlling Interest - Redeemable noncontrolling interest reconciliation (Details) - Redeemable non controlling interests - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 2,901,899	$ 0
Beginning redemption value (at fair value)		0	$ 3,138,000
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - embedded derivatives	0	497,606
Adjusted initial carrying value	2,901,899	2,640,394
Preferred share accretion adjustment	645,866	261,505
Ending balance	$ 3,547,765	$ 2,901,899

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,464,606	$ 3,200,760
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in Shares)	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in Shares)	0
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	100,000,000	30,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in Shares)	24,272,150	18,861,130
Common stock, shares outstanding (in Shares)	24,272,150	18,861,130
Cumulative Preferred Stock
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in Shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in Shares)	0	0
Class D Incentive Units
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	250,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	250,000

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (24,557,506)	$ (74,617,312)
Adjustments to reconcile to net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	289,536	167,558
Share-based compensation	5,234,878	4,219,989
Financing costs	0	46,771,276
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible debenture	0	427,796
Accretion of discount on convertible debenture	0	116,147
Change in fair value of warrants liability	(11,986,462)	312,400
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(152,723)	0
Loss on disposal of asset	0	1,326
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan	0	(492,100)
Noncash lease expense	421,183	3,636
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	763,302	(887,697)
Inventory	(433,644)	(10,065,710)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(2,072,001)	(693,756)
Accounts payable	(3,346,937)	2,780,890
Accrued expenses	1,340,918	2,138,574
Deferred revenue	417,481	626,265
Net cash used in operating activities	(34,081,975)	(29,190,718)
Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	0	7,649
Purchase of property and equipment	(438,045)	(273,124)
Investments in equity securities	(1,000,000)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,438,045)	(265,475)
Financing activities
Proceeds from Newborn Escrow Account	0	58,184,461
Redemption of Newborn shares	0	(18,629)
Issuance costs related to reverse recapitalization and PIPE offering	0	(3,970,657)
Proceeds from PIPE offering	0	14,250,000
Repayment of Newborn sponsor loans	0	(487,500)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF	0	(6,000,000)
Newborn cash acquired	0	50,206
Purchase of stock from investor	0	(2,000,000)
Payment of financing costs	0	(1,000,000)
Payment of finance lease obligations	(9,691)	(5,839)
Proceeds from forward option put exercise	1,994,073	0
Proceeds from exercise of pre-funded warrants related to Direct Offering	185	0
Proceeds from Direct Offering of common stock, net of offering costs	13,069,815	0
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs	3,763,494	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	245,748	576,528
Issuance of Redeemable Preferred Stock	0	3,138,000
Payment of Preferred Stock dividends	0	(39,096)
Net cash provided by financing activities	19,063,624	59,721,226
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(50,228)	199,592
Net increase in cash and restricted cash	(16,506,624)	30,464,625
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year	32,740,520	2,275,895
Cash and restricted cash at end of year	16,233,896	32,740,520
Supplemental Disclosure of cash information:
Cash paid for income taxes	0	800
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Financing Activity
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	0	1,679
Conversion of debenture and accrued interest to common shares	0	3,999,435
Conversion of shares due to reverse recapitalization	0	3,383
Issuance of common stock for merger success fee	0	2,085,299
Non-cash merger transaction costs	0	2,085,299
Accrued transaction costs related to reverse recapitalization	0	189,434
Issuance of private warrants	0	1,253,228
Forgiveness of PPP Loan	0	492,100
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	0	30,234,000
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve options	0	12,584,000
Preferred Stock
Financing activities
Issuance Costs Related to Preferred Stock	$ 0	$ (2,956,248)

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Auditor [Line Items]
Auditor Firm ID	34
Auditor Name	Deloitte & Touche LLP
Auditor Location	San Diego, California
Moss Adams LLP
Auditor [Line Items]
Auditor Firm ID		659
Auditor Name		Moss Adams LLP
Auditor Location		San Diego, California

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders		$	(24,928,377)	$	(72,842,401)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		20,971,896		16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		$	(1.19)	$	(4.37)

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding		2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding		958,273	709,263
Public warrants		2,875,000	3,033,548
Private warrants		136,250	143,764
PIPE warrants		1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants		6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve options		5,000,000	4,191,176

Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		1,698,630	—

Total		20,626,830	16,959,978

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of stock-based compensation expense for stock options (Details) - Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 2,634,486	$ 2,643,242
Restricted stock
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	2,395,580	1,514,120
Options and Restricted Stock
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 5,030,066	$ 4,157,362

Related Parties	12 Months Ended
Related Parties	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Parties	Related Parties As described in Note 6, the Company holds equity interests in and provides certain consulting services to Dreev, an entity in which a stockholder of the Company owns the other portion of Dreev’s equity interests. The consulting services were zero for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $40,500 from an entity that is a stockholder of the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $399,620 from the same entity that is a stockholder in the Company. The Company had a balance of accounts receivable of zero each at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, from the same entity that is an investor in the Company. Equity Purchase The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer purchased 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000 on June 2022. This was pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021.

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted, (in Shares)	0
Share based option modified (in Shares)		1,640,000
Increase decrease exercise price (in Dollars per share)		$ 0.60
Incremental compensation cost (in Dollars)		$ 246,000
Weighted average remaining recognition period	2 years 6 months 18 days
Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional compensation expense	$ 68,049	$ 62,449
Restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock	$ 1,830,932
Weighted average remaining recognition period	1 year 14 days
2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Capital shares reserved for future issuance (in Shares)	3,300,000
Option contractual life	10 years
Issuance of common stock available for future (in Shares)	714,529
Granted, (in Shares)	352,400
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in Dollars per share)	$ 2.35
2020 Plan \| Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Option vesting period	4 years

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
DC Chargers	$	9,248,398	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers	123,247		232,920
Vehicles - School Buses	1,620,000		3,180,000
Others	560,186		17,670
Total	$	11,551,831	$	11,118,188

Non-Controlling Interest (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Schedule of preferred stock

At December 31, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:


Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Stated Value per Share		Initial Carrying Value		Accrued Preferred Dividends		Liquidation Preference
1,000,000	3,138	$	1,000	$	3,138,000	$	326,606	$	3,464,606

Schedule of condensed financial statements

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021




Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Less: dividends paid or accrued to non-controlling interests	263,846		101,856
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment	645,866		261,505
Non-controlling interests	$	(1,448,553)	$	(2,501,633)

Schedule of condensed income statement

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021


Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(538,841)	$	(2,138,272)

Schedule of redeemable noncontrolling interest

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	2,901,899	$	—
Beginning redemption value (at fair value)	—		3,138,000
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - embedded derivatives	—		497,606
Adjusted initial carrying value	2,901,899		2,640,394

Preferred share accretion adjustment	645,866		261,505
Ending balance	$	3,547,765	$	2,901,899

Schedule of black-scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options

The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the year ended December 31, 2022.


	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years) (1)	5.5

Risk-free interest rate (2)	3.02	%
Volatility (3)	69.50	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

Schedule of stock option activity

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to the Reverse Recapitalization, for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,501
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(59,729)	2.09	—	—
Forfeited	(61,289)	7.84	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(60,510)	4.44	—	—
Outstanding - December 31, 2022	853,507	2.91	5.70	—

Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	797,393	2.57	4.44	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	797,393	2.57	4.44	—

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27		46,920
Granted	352,400	4.36	$	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—		—
Forfeited	(241,326)	10.04	—		—
Expired/Cancelled	(2,812)	8.25	—		—
Outstanding - December 31, 2022	1,711,112	11.71	8.46		—

Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—	—	—		—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	609,022	13.38	8.17		—

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21488-112644

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Paragraph 6
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21506-112644

Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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+ Details

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 580,109	$ 10,054,948
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	$ 12,139,185	(326,742)
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants, Change in fair value of derivative liability
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 359,225	511,948
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	152,723	(14,342)
Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	2,000	866,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	864,000	387,228
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	8,677,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	8,677,000	(699,628)
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	218,884
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	2,445,462
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	580,109	10,054,948
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	359,225	511,948
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	2,000	866,000
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	$ 8,677,000
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 218,884

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Nuvve common stockholders (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	20,626,830	16,959,978
Stock options issued and outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	958,273	709,263
Public Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	2,875,000	3,033,548
Private Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	136,250	143,764
PIPE warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	5,000,000	4,191,176
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	1,698,630	0

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares	May 17, 2021
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years
Private Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.50
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.75
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives, term	7 years	7 years
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives, term	1 year 7 months 6 days	3 years
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Risk free rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0.040	0.0140
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0.630	0.530
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Probability Of Redemption Trigger
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0.750	0.750
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Private Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	3 years 2 months 12 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.50	$ 11.50
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Private Warrants \| Risk free rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.042	0.012
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Private Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Private Warrants \| Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.670	0.540
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term		5 years 1 month 6 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)		$ 0.50
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Risk free rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		0.0397
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		0.620

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option Plan

Stock-Based Compensation

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In November 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the term of the 2010 Plan to July 1, 2021. In 2021, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, incentive and non-statutory stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. As of December 31, 2022, there is an aggregate of 3,300,000 common shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. All options granted to date have a ten year contractual life and vesting terms of four years. In general, vested options expire if not exercised at termination of service. As of December 31, 2022, a total of 714,529 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Options		$	2,634,486	$	2,643,242
Restricted stock		2,395,580		1,514,120
Total		$	5,030,066	$	4,157,362

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 the 2020 Plan.


	2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years) (1)	6.1
Dividend yield (2)	0	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	2.75	%
Volatility (4)	56.2	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(2)No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.

(3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(4)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to the Reverse Recapitalization, for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,501
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(59,729)	2.09	—	—
Forfeited	(61,289)	7.84	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(60,510)	4.44	—	—
Outstanding - December 31, 2022	853,507	2.91	5.70	—

Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	797,393	2.57	4.44	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	797,393	2.57	4.44	—

There were no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27		46,920
Granted	352,400	4.36	$	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—		—
Forfeited	(241,326)	10.04	—		—
Expired/Cancelled	(2,812)	8.25	—		—
Outstanding - December 31, 2022	1,711,112	11.71	8.46		—

Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—	—	—		—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	609,022	13.38	8.17		—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.35.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 1,640,000 options were modified to lower the exercise price by $0.60 per share, which will result in $246,000 of incremental compensation cost to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The amount of additional compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, was $68,049 and $62,449, respectively.

Other Information:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	245,748	$	576,528

	December 31, 2022				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	6,195,461			2.55

No amounts relating to the 2010 Plan or 2020 Plan have been capitalized.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817	11.00
Granted	503,390	3.07
Vested/Release	(398,492)	6.12
Cancelled/Forfeited	(22,456)	8.72
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	436,259	6.43

As of December 31, 2022, there was $1,830,932 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 1.04 years.

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of stock option activity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Shares
Granted, (in Shares)	0
2010 Plan
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares)	1,035,035
Granted, (in Shares)	0
Exercised (in Shares)	(59,729)
Forfeited (in Shares)	(61,289)
Expired/Cancelled (in Shares)	(60,510)
Ending balance (in Shares)	853,507	1,035,035
Options exercisable (in Shares)	797,393
Options vested (in Shares)	797,393
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.21
Granted (in Dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in Dollars per share)	2.09
Forfeited (in Dollars per share)	7.84
Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars per share)	4.44
Ending balance (in Dollars per share)	2.91	$ 3.21
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)	2.57
Options vested (in Dollars per share)	$ 2.57
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	5 years 8 months 12 days	5 years 10 months 24 days
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 5 months 8 days
Options vested, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 5 months 8 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding	$ 0	$ 5,688,501
Exercisable	0
Vested	$ 0
2020 Plan
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares)	1,602,850
Granted, (in Shares)	352,400
Exercised (in Shares)	0
Forfeited (in Shares)	(241,326)
Expired/Cancelled (in Shares)	(2,812)
Ending balance (in Shares)	1,711,112	1,602,850
Options exercisable (in Shares)	0
Options vested (in Shares)	609,022
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share)	$ 13.18
Granted (in Dollars per share)	4.36
Exercised (in Dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in Dollars per share)	10.04
Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars per share)	8.25
Ending balance (in Dollars per share)	11.71	$ 13.18
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)	0
Options vested (in Dollars per share)	$ 13.38
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	8 years 5 months 15 days	9 years 3 months 7 days
Options vested, weighted average remaining contractual term	8 years 2 months 1 day
Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding	$ 0	$ 46,920
Exercisable	0
Vested	$ 0

Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:


	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	—	2,875,000	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	—	136,250	$11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	—	1,353,750	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B	2,000,000	—	2,000,000	$10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C	1,000,000	—	500,000	$15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D	1,000,000	—	500,000	$20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E	1,000,000	—	500,000	$30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F	1,000,000	—	500,000	$40.00	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants	1,850,000	1,850,000	—	$0.0001	Until Exercised in Full
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	—	4,000,000	$3.75	January 29, 2028
	16,215,000	1,850,000	12,365,000

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of segment activity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Long-lived assets	1,978,584	1,837,271
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	4,839,561	3,326,427
Long-lived assets	1,795,267	1,811,607
United Kingdom
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	195,550	485,628
Long-lived assets	1,335	0
Denmark
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	338,272	378,710
Long-lived assets	$ 181,982	$ 25,664

- Definition

Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(1))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227

+ Details

Leases - Lease term, discount rate, and other information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9 years	9 years 10 months 24 days
Finance lease	3 years 3 months 18 days	4 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.80%	7.80%
Finance lease	7.80%	7.80%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 202,844	$ 100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense	2,248	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases	9,691	5,839
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	18,467	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Account Receivables, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company's account receivables:


		As of December 31,
		2022		2021
Trade receivables		$	1,180,528	$	1,949,896

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(58,834)		(63,188)

	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,121,694	$	1,886,708

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

	Balance December 31, 2020	$	—
	Provision	—
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188)
	Provision	—
	Write-off	4,354
	Recoveries	—
	Balance December 31, 2022	$	(58,834)

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of milestone event (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	$ 7,500,000
10000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	500,000
20000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
40000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
60000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
80000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
100000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	1,000,000
200000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	1,000,000
250000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	$ 2,000,000

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock of Levo is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. Separation of the redemption features as a derivative liability is required because its economic characteristics and risks of the redemption features are considered more akin to a debt instrument, and therefore, not considered to be clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the redeemable preferred stock host instrument. The economic characteristics of the redemption features are considered more akin to debt instrument because the minimum redemption value could be greater than the face amount of the preferred stock, the redemption features are contingently exercisable, and the preferred stock carry a fixed mandatory dividend.

Accordingly, the Company has recorded an embedded derivative liability representing the estimated fair value of the right of the holders to exercise their redemption option upon the occurrence of a redemption event. The embedded derivative liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end with changes in fair value recorded in the “Change in fair value of derivative liability” financial statement line item of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock, see Note 18.

The following table displays the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	359,225	$	511,948

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including product liability claims. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

(b) Research Agreement

Effective September 1, 2016, the Company is party to a research agreement with a third party, which is also a Company stockholder, whereby the third party will perform research activity as specified annually by the Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid a minimum of $400,000 annually in equal quarterly installments. For each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, $400,000 was paid under the research agreement. At December 31, 2022, we have $266,667 remaining to be paid under a renewed agreement.

The Company is a party to a licensing agreement for non-exclusive rights to intellectual property which will expire at the later of the date at which the last patent underlying the intellectual property expires or 20 years from the sale of the first licensed product. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate of $700,000 in royalties upon achievement of certain milestones. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

In November 2017, the Company executed an agreement ("IP Acquisition Agreement") with the University of Delaware (Seller) whereby all right, title, and interest in the licensed intellectual property was assigned to the Company in exchange for an upfront fee of $500,000 and the Company's common shares valued at $1,491,556. The total acquisition cost of $1,991,556 was capitalized and is being amortized over the fifteen years expected life of the patents underlying the intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:


Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

The Seller will retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license, to utilize the intellectual property solely for research and education purposes. As of December 31, 2022, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

(d) Investment

The Company is committed to possible future additional contributions to the Investment in Dreev (Note 6) in the amount of $270,000.

(e)Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier for a quantity of DC Chargers, for a total price of $13.2 million, with the delivery date specified as the week of November 15, 2021. However, the supplier subsequently notified Nuvve that it would be unable to meet the contracted delivery date as a result of supply chain issues. The parties therefore agreed to change the delivery date to on or about December 15, 2021. As of the end of December 31, 2021, Nuvve received a partial shipment of the DC Chargers, for which Nuvve paid $6.3 million. The delivered DC Chargers did not fully conform to required software and hardware specifications. In April 2022, the parties agreed to address the technical issues necessary to bring the DC charges into full conformity with specifications, and to amend the mix defined in the original PO for the delivery of the remaining DC Chargers still subject to the original PO. As of December 31, 2022, the supplier is still in the process of bringing the delivered DC Chargers into full conformance.

No amendments to the original PO have been executed. To the extent Nuvve and the supplier are unable to align on mutually agreeable terms to resolve the dispute relating to the PO, Nuvve believes it has no obligation to purchase or accept delivery against the PO given that the supplier failed to timely deliver conforming DC Chargers in accordance with the stated PO terms. The supplier asserts, however, that the original PO was non-cancellable and non-refundable regardless of when in the future the chargers are delivered, and regardless of any non-conformance. Nuvve believes the supplier’s position does not have merit and Nuvve intends to exercise all available rights and remedies in its defense should any legal proceeding result from such dispute. On November 2, 2022, Nuvve received a demand for arbitration from its supplier in connection with the dispute. The outcome of any such proceeding would be inherently uncertain, and the amount and/or timing of any liability or expense resulting from such a proceeding is not reasonably estimable at this time.

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services		$	784,710	$	797,127
Grants		459,427		1,270,138
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products		4,129,246		2,123,500
Total revenue		$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

Schedule of aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers as of December 31, 2022 expected to be recognized in the future for years ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):


2023	$	134,500
2024	49,578
Thereafter	1,037,419
Total	$	1,221,497

Schedule of segment revenue and assets

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021

United States		$	4,839,561	$	3,326,427
United Kingdom		195,550		485,628
Denmark		338,272		378,710
		$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

United States	$	1,795,267	$	1,811,607
United Kingdom	1,335		—
Denmark	$	181,982	$	25,664
	$	1,978,584	$	1,837,271

Account Receivables, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable

The following tables summarizes the Company's account receivables:


		As of December 31,
		2022		2021
Trade receivables		$	1,180,528	$	1,949,896

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(58,834)		(63,188)

	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,121,694	$	1,886,708

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

	Balance December 31, 2020	$	—
	Provision	—
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188)
	Provision	—
	Write-off	4,354
	Recoveries	—
	Balance December 31, 2022	$	(58,834)

Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

The disclosures below discuss the Company’s material revenue contracts.

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services		$	784,710	$	797,127
Grants		459,427		1,270,138
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products		4,129,246		2,123,500
Total revenue		$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765


2023	$	134,500
2024	49,578
Thereafter	1,037,419
Total	$	1,221,497

Related to the finance receivables, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $609,860 of product revenue related to contracts with customers for which the Company determined that control of the DC Charger transferred to that customer. Of this amount, $320,988 was recorded within accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet as the Company expects to collect it in the short term. The remaining $288,872 represents the discounted amount for the equipment that will be collected over the life of the contract, adjusted for the estimated effect of a significant financing component. This amount is a long-term financing receivable recorded in the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021

United States		$	4,839,561	$	3,326,427
United Kingdom		195,550		485,628
Denmark		338,272		378,710
		$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

United States	$	1,795,267	$	1,811,607
United Kingdom	1,335		—
Denmark	$	181,982	$	25,664
	$	1,978,584	$	1,837,271

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense for stock options

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Options		$	2,634,486	$	2,643,242
Restricted stock		2,395,580		1,514,120
Total		$	5,030,066	$	4,157,362

Schedule of black-scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options

The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 the 2020 Plan.


	2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years) (1)	6.1
Dividend yield (2)	0	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	2.75	%
Volatility (4)	56.2	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

Schedule of stock option activity

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to the Reverse Recapitalization, for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,501
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(59,729)	2.09	—	—
Forfeited	(61,289)	7.84	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(60,510)	4.44	—	—
Outstanding - December 31, 2022	853,507	2.91	5.70	—

Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	797,393	2.57	4.44	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	797,393	2.57	4.44	—

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27		46,920
Granted	352,400	4.36	$	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—		—
Forfeited	(241,326)	10.04	—		—
Expired/Cancelled	(2,812)	8.25	—		—
Outstanding - December 31, 2022	1,711,112	11.71	8.46		—

Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—	—	—		—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	609,022	13.38	8.17		—

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28

Disclosure of share-based compensation arrangements by share-based payment award

Other Information:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	245,748	$	576,528

	December 31, 2022				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	6,195,461			2.55

Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817	11.00
Granted	503,390	3.07
Vested/Release	(398,492)	6.12
Cancelled/Forfeited	(22,456)	8.72
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	436,259	6.43

Account Receivables, Net (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Account Receivables, Net (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	$ (58,834)	$ (63,188)
Accounts receivable, net	1,121,694	1,886,708
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts, beginning	(63,188)	0
Provision	0	0
Write-off	4,354	0
Recoveries	0	0
Allowance for doubtful accounts, ending	(58,834)	(63,188)
Trade receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, gross	$ 1,180,528	$ 1,949,896

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes


Income (loss) before taxes includes the following components:
	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
United States	$	(22,719,272)	$	(74,262,131)
Foreign	(1,837,434)		(354,181)
Total income (loss) before income taxes	(24,556,706)		(74,616,312)

Income tax expense is summarized as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Federal	$	—	$	—
State	800		1,000
Current income tax expense	800		1,000

Federal	—		—
State	—		—
Deferred income tax expense	$	—	$	—

Income tax expense	$	800	$	1,000

The reconciliation between the income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate of 21% to loss before taxes is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021
Federal income tax benefit at statutory federal tax rate	$	(5,160,372)			$	(15,669,426)
State income tax, net of federal benefit	(823,890)				(776,843)


Noncontrolling interest	113,157				449,037
Stock compensation	624,065				452,444
Change in fair value of warrants	(2,517,157)				65,604
162(m) excess compensation	—				237,247
Change in valuation allowance	7,666,631				9,413,411
Finance costs	54,802				5,643,259
Other	43,564				186,267
Income tax expense	$	800	$	800	$	1,000

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Equity investment	$	(489,911)	$	(576,523)
Accrued liabilities and other	1,118,256		1,007,644
Right-of-use assets	(1,246,870)		(845,240)
Lease liabilities	1,389,893		845,240
Research and experimental expenditures	1,507,144		—
Net operating losses	15,772,670		9,953,429
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance	18,051,182		10,384,550
Valuation allowance	(18,051,182)		(10,384,550)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	—	$	—

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $59,202,000 and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $28,125,000. Of the federal net operating loss carryforwards, $3,070,000 will begin to expire in 2034, and the remainder do not expire. The state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2034. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, use of the Company’s net operating loss and credit carryforwards may be limited if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within any three-year period since the last ownership change. The Company believes that there has not been a change in control under these Sections. However, the Company does not anticipate performing a complete analysis of the limitation on the annual use of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards until the time that it projects that it will be able to utilize these tax attributes.

A valuation allowance of $18,051,182 as of December 31, 2022, has been established against the Company’s deferred tax assets as is more likely than not such assets will be realized. The valuation allowance increased by $7,666,632 during the year ended December 31, 2022. In assessing if the deferred tax assets will be realized, the Company considers whether it is probable that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining whether the deferred taxes are realizable, the Company considers the period of expiration of the tax asset, historical and projected taxable income, and tax liabilities for the tax jurisdiction in which the tax asset is located. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce the amounts of deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized based on an assessment of positive and negative evidence, including estimates of future taxable income necessary to realize future deductible amounts.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters. The Company will recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company does not anticipate material unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as various states income tax. The Company’s income tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ended December 31, 2019 through 2023.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)								3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 27, 2022 USD ($) shares	Apr. 26, 2021 $ / shares shares	Apr. 23, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 19, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Nov. 17, 2020 USD ($)	Nov. 11, 2020 USD ($) tradingDay member $ / shares shares	Feb. 19, 2020 shares	Jun. 30, 2021 shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) performanceObligation $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Jun. 06, 2022 USD ($)	May 17, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Mar. 18, 2021 shares
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit										$ (116,956,528)	$ (92,937,863)
Loss before taxes										(36,915,544)	(27,231,802)
Net cash used in operating activities										(34,081,975)	(29,190,718)
Amount of purchase	$ 14,000,000
Purchase price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 50.00
Number of options outstanding (in Shares) \| shares														1,303,610
Grant date fair value of securities purchase agreement													$ 12,600,000
Stock repurchased during period (in Shares) \| shares		134,449				600,000
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 10.00
Stock repurchased, average cost per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 14.87				$ 14.87
Average closing period \| tradingDay						5
Number of members on the board of directors \| member						7
Value of amount										3,763,496	2,085,320
Units in values											14,247,500
Value of trust account										$ 58,471,961
Redemption of shares (in Shares) \| shares										18,630
Transaction costs										$ 3,702,421
Repayment of debt										0	487,500
Escrow account amount										495,000
Cash in amount										47,768,410
FDIC amount										250,000
Restricted cash										$ 480,000	380,000
Number of performance obligations \| performanceObligation										1
Extended warranty contract, option 1										3 years
Extended warranty contract, option 2										5 years
Extended warranty contract, option 3										10 years
Extended warranty contract, option 4										12 years
Operating lease, term of contract										10 years
Minimum
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Service contract, term										1 year
Maximum
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Service contract, term										12 years
Switch EV
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Equity method investments												$ 1,000,000
Subscription Agreements
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Amount of purchase						$ 14,250,000
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares						1,425,000
Purchase price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 10.00
EDF Renewables
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Ownership percentage						5.00%
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period, value						$ 2,000,000
Earn-out Shares
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Contingent consideration, revenue threshold										$ 30,000,000
Contingent consideration, revenue threshold for payment, not met											$ 30,000,000
Newborn
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 10.00
Convertible instruments, conversion ratio				0.212403050
Closing merger consideration, amount used in calculating total consideration				$ 100,000,000
Grant date fair value of securities purchase agreement				4,265,785
Newborn \| Earn-out Shares
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Contingent earnout shares (in shares) \| shares											4,000,000
Earn-out shares not issued (in Shares) \| shares										4,000,000
6% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Amount of purchase					$ 4,000,000
Convertible debenture percentage					6.00%
PIPE Warrants
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares						1,353,750	5,750,000
Percent of one share of common stock										50.00%
Common Stock
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares	2,150,000
Effect of reverse recapitalization (in Shares) \| shares								9,122,996			9,122,996
Value of amount										$ 79	$ 21
Issued shares (in Shares) \| shares										792,882	208,532
Units in values											$ 143
Shares repurchased during period										$ 6,000,000
PIPE Warrants
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Transaction costs				14,247,500
Cash in amount				$ 2,500
Variable Interest Entity \| Levo Mobility LLC
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Variable interest entity										51.00%
Nuvve
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period, committed amount \| shares			134,499
Options to resell common stock to parent, commitment (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 14.87
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period, per share amount \| $ / shares									$ 14.87
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period (in Shares) \| shares									134,499
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period, value									$ 2,000,000
Options to resell common stock to parent, commitment, value			$ 2,000,000
Newborn
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio					0.1
Value of amount										$ 57,500,000
Repayment of debt										$ 487,500
Stonepeak \| Levo Mobility LLC
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Stonepeak and Evolve 49% ownership										49.00%
Private Placement \| Newborn
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares										272,500
Percent of common stock issued upon conversion of right										10.00%
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares										$ 10.00
Percent of one share of common stock										50.00%
Number of shares per unit (in Shares) \| shares										1
Number of warrants per unit (in Shares) \| shares							1			1
Number of rights per unit (in Shares) \| shares										1
Public and Private units
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Units in values										$ 57,989,380
IPO \| Newborn
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Percent of common stock issued upon conversion of right										10.00%
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares										$ 10.00
Issued shares (in Shares) \| shares										5,750,000
Percent of one share of common stock							50.00%			50.00%
Number of shares per unit (in Shares) \| shares										1
Number of warrants per unit (in Shares) \| shares							1			1
Number of rights per unit (in Shares) \| shares										1

Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	$ 11,551,831	$ 11,118,188
DC Chargers
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	9,248,398	7,687,598
AC Chargers
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	123,247	232,920
Vehicles - School Buses
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	1,620,000	3,180,000
Others
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	$ 560,186	$ 17,670

Stockholders’ Equity - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	16,215,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	1,850,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	12,365,000
Public Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	2,875,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	2,875,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.50
Private Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	136,250
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	136,250
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.50
PIPE Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	1,353,750
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	1,353,750
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.50
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	2,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	2,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 10.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 15.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 30.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 40.00
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	1,850,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	1,850,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	0
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in Shares)	4,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in Shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in Shares)	4,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.75

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000	$	864,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	218,884	$	218,884	$	2,445,462
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	359,225	$	359,225	$	152,723
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	580,109	$	580,109	$	12,139,185


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2021		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2021
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	866,000	$	866,000	$	387,228
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000	$	8,677,000	$	(699,628)
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	511,948	$	511,948	$	(14,342)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	10,054,948	$	10,054,948	$	(326,742)

Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis


	Private Warrants		Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants		Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000	$	8,677,000	$	2,664,346	$	511,948






Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(864,000)		(8,677,000)		(2,445,462)		(152,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,000	$	—	$	218,884	$	359,225

Fair value measurement inputs and valuation techniques


	Series C Unvested Warrants	Series D Unvested Warrants	Series E Unvested Warrants	Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$0.0	$0.0	$0.0	$0.0
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	8.40	8.40	8.40	8.40
Risk free rate	3.9%	3.9%	3.9%	3.9%
Exercise price	$15.0	$20.0	$30.0	$40.0
Volatility	56.0%	56.0%	56.0%	56.0%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$125.0	$250.0	$375.0	$500.0
Probability of warrants vesting (a)	—%	—%	—%	—%

__________________


	Series C Unvested Warrants	Series D Unvested Warrants	Series E Unvested Warrants	Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$3.2	$2.4	$1.7	$1.3
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	9.40	9.40	9.40	9.40
Risk free rate	1.5%	1.5%	1.5%	1.5%
Exercise price	$15.0	$20.0	$30.0	$40.0
Volatility	54.0%	54.0%	54.0%	54.0%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$125.0	$250.0	$375.0	$500.0
Probability of warrants vesting	90.7%	75.8%	63.8%	54.5%


	Series B Warrants	Series C Warrants	Series D Warrants	Series E Warrants	Series F Warrants	Options
Fair value (in millions)	$12.8	$5.6	$4.8	$3.8	$3.2	$12.6
Valuation methodology	Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Black Scholes
Term (years)	10	10	10	10	10	7.50
Risk free rate	1.6%	1.6%	1.6%	1.6%	1.6%	1.4%
Exercise price	$10.0	$15.0	$20.0	$30.0	$40.0	$50.0

Volatility	55.0%	55.0%	55.0%	55.0%	55.0%	57.0%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	N/A	$125.0	$250.0	$375.0	$500.0	N/A
Probability of warrants vesting	100.0%	96.9%	87.7%	78.2%	69.9%	N/A

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

The Business Combination between Newborn, a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (“SPAC”), the Company, prior to the Business Combination a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, and Nuvve Corp., prior to the Business Combination a privately held operating company, pursuant to which the Company acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corp. (see Business Combination below) was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP (the “Reverse Recapitalization”). Under this method of accounting, Newborn was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Nuvve Corp. issuing stock for the net assets of Newborn, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets recorded from Newborn are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations prior to the Reverse Recapitalization are those of Nuvve Corp. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders prior to the Business Combination have been retroactively restated to reflect the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination.

In accordance with the related Going Concern accounting standards, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $117.0 million and $92.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company incurred an operating loss of $36.9 million and $27.2 million, respectively, and used $34.1 million and $29.2 million, respectively, of cash in operations. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's GIVe platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

Management plans to fund current operations through increased revenues and if required cash saving measures and or raising additional capital. Management's expectations with respect to the Company’s ability to fund current planned operations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. There is an inherent risk that the Company may not achieve such financial projections and if so, cash outflows could be higher than currently anticipated. Should this occur, management plans to implement cash saving measures during this time period, including reductions in discretionary expenses related to consultants, travel, personnel, and personnel-related costs. If necessary, management believes it can raise additional capital through its at-the-market offering agreement. However, as such plans are not solely within management’s control management cannot conclude as of the date of this filing that the plans are probable of being successfully implemented and as such has concluded that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the date of issuance of our financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

(b)Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors at risk lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve, in which the Company owns 51% of Levo's common units. The Company has determined that Levo is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Levo and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by Stonepeak and Evolve.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company's consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests" in the consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets

Cash	$	27,629	$	28,446




Prepaid expenses and other current assets	59,794		—








Total Assets	$	87,423	$	28,446

Liabilities

Accounts payable	$	8,165	$	—
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	336,713		$	116,754






Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	359,225		511,948

Total Liabilities	$	704,103	$	628,702

(c)Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest - Mezzanine Equity

Redeemable non-controlling interest represents the shares of the preferred stock issued by Levo to Stonepeak and Evolve (the "preferred shareholders"), who own 49% of Levo common units. The preferred stock is not mandatorily redeemable or currently redeemable, but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo, the preferred shareholders or a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. As a result of the contingent put right available to the preferred shareholders, the redeemable non-controlling interests in Levo are classified as mezzanine equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity. The initial carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the initial proceeds received on issuance date, reduced by the fair value of embedded derivatives resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value. The adjusted initial carrying value is further adjusted for the accretion of the difference with the redemption price value using the effective interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details.

(d)Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the consolidated statements of operations.

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

(e)Business Combination

The Company is party to a merger agreement (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of November 11, 2020 and amended as of February 20, 2021, by and among Newborn, a Cayman Islands company, the Company, a Delaware corporation and prior to the Business Combination a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, Nuvve Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and prior to the Business Combination a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Nuvve Corp., a Delaware corporation, and Ted Smith, an individual, as the representative of the stockholders of Nuvve Corp.

On March 16, 2021, Newborn held an extraordinary general meeting of its shareholders, at which Newborn’s shareholders approved the Business Combination, along with certain other related proposals.

On March 19, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), the parties consummated the Business Combination. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Business Combination was effected in two steps: (i) Newborn reincorporated to the State of Delaware by merging with and into the Company, with the Company surviving as the publicly-traded entity (the “Reincorporation Merger”); and (ii) immediately after the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into Nuvve, with Nuvve surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Acquisition Merger”).

Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Reincorporation Merger and the Acquisition Merger, the Company filed its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company changed its name to “Nuvve Holding Corp.” and adopted certain other changes that the Company’s Board of Directors deemed appropriate for an operating public company.

In connection with the entry into the Merger Agreement, on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain accredited Private Investment in Public Equity investors (the “PIPE Investors”), under which, immediately before the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE Investors purchased 1,425,000 ordinary shares of Newborn, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 in a private placement (the “PIPE”). The PIPE Investors also received warrants to purchase 1,353,750 ordinary shares of Newborn (the “PIPE Warrants”) that were identical to Newborn’s other outstanding warrants.

Also, on November 11, 2020, Nuvve Corp. entered into a bridge loan agreement with an accredited investor, under which, on November 17, 2020, the investor purchased a $4,000,000 6% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture from Nuvve Corp. (the “Bridge Loan”), which automatically converted into shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock immediately before the closing of the Business Combination.

Upon the closing of the Reincorporation Merger, each of Newborn’s outstanding units was automatically separated into its constituent securities, and Newborn’s outstanding securities (including the Newborn ordinary shares and Newborn warrants purchased by the PIPE Investors) were converted into a like number of equivalent securities of the Company, except that each of Newborn’s rights was converted automatically into one-tenth of one share of the Company’s common stock in accordance with its terms.

Upon the closing of the Acquisition Merger, each share of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Acquisition Merger (including the shares issued upon conversion of Nuvve Corp.’s preferred stock and upon conversion of the Bridge Loan as described above) automatically was converted into approximately 0.212403050 shares (the “Closing Exchange Ratio”) of the Company’s common stock, for an aggregate of 9,122,996 shares of the Company’s common stock. Each outstanding option to purchase Nuvve Corp.’s common stock (“Nuvve Options”) was assumed by the Company and converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock subject to such option immediately prior to the effective time multiplied by the Closing Exchange Ratio, for an aggregate of 1,303,610 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price equal to the exercise price immediately prior to the effective time divided by the Closing Exchange Ratio.

The Closing Exchange Ratio was determined by taking (i) a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to (A) the Closing Merger Consideration (as defined below), divided by (B) $10.00 per share, and dividing it by (ii) the sum of (x) the total number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock outstanding as of immediately prior to closing (including the shares issued upon conversion of Nuvve Corp.’s preferred stock, but excluding the shares issued upon conversion of the Bridge Loan) and (y) the total number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock issuable upon exercise of Nuvve Options outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The “Closing Merger Consideration” was determined by taking $100,000,000, subtracting the amount of Nuvve Corp.’s indebtedness for borrowed money as of the closing of the Acquisition Merger (excluding Payroll Protection Program loans eligible for forgiveness), which was zero, and adding the aggregate exercise price of the Nuvve Options outstanding as of the date of the Merger Agreement or granted prior to the closing of the Acquisition Merger, which was $4,265,785.

Additionally, the former stockholders of Nuvve Corp. would have been entitled to receive up to 4.0 million earn-out shares of the Company’s common stock if, for the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s revenue equaled or exceeded $30,000,000. The former Nuvve Corp. stockholders would have been entitled to a portion of the earn-out shares only if they continued to hold their shares of the Company’s common stock received in the Acquisition Merger through the earn-out payment date. As the Company's target revenue of $30,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021, was not met, the former stockholders of Nuvve Corp. were not entitled to receive up to the 4.0 million earn-out shares of the Company’s common stock.

Pursuant to a purchase and option agreement, dated as of November 11, 2020 (the “Purchase and Option Agreement”), between the Company and EDF Renewables, Inc. (“EDF Renewables”), a former stockholder of Nuvve Corp. and the owner of more than 5% of the Company’s common stock, immediately after the closing, the Company repurchased 600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from EDF Renewables at a price of $10.00 per share. In addition, on the Closing Date, EDF Renewables exercised its option to sell an additional $2,000,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock back to the Company at a price per share of $14.87 (the average closing price over the five preceding trading days). The share repurchase was completed on April 26, 2021 (see Note 11).

Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer had fulfilled their obligations and had purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000.

As agreed between the parties to the Merger Agreement, immediately following the closing of the Acquisition Merger, the Company’s board of directors consisted of seven directors. A majority of the directors qualified as independent directors under rules of Nasdaq.

In Newborn’s initial public offering, Newborn issued 5,750,000 units at $10.00 per unit. Each unit issued in the initial public offering consisted of one ordinary share, one warrant to purchase one-half of an ordinary share (the “Public Warrant”), and one right automatically convertible into one-tenth of an ordinary shares upon completion of an initial business combination. Concurrently with the initial public offering, Newborn sold to its sponsor 272,500 units at $10.00 per unit in a private placement. Each unit in the private placement consisted of one ordinary share, one warrant to purchase one-half of an ordinary share (the “Private Warrant”), and one right automatically convertible into one-tenth of an ordinary share upon completion of an initial business combination. Newborn received net proceeds of approximately $57,989,380 from the public and private units. Upon closing of the initial public offering and the private placement, $57,500,000 was placed by Newborn in a trust account with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee (the “Trust Account”). On the Closing Date of the Business Combination, the balance in the Trust Account was $58,471,961. After the closing of the Business Combination, and other transactions described above, including payment of $18,630 for redemptions of ordinary shares by Newborn stockholders, payment of transaction costs of $3,702,421, repayment of loans made by Newborn’s sponsor to Newborn of $487,500, repurchase of $6,000,000 in common shares held by EDF Renewables, and transfer into an escrow account with Silicon Valley Bank of $495,000 to cover the balance of the Company’s PPP Loan payable, the Company received total net proceeds from the Trust Account in cash of $47,768,410.

Also on March 19, 2021, the PIPE closed, and the Company received cash proceeds, net of $2,500 of transaction costs, of $14,247,500.

(f)Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

(g)COVID-19

The on-going impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) continues to negatively impacted the global economy, although to a lesser extent than in prior years. However, the Company continues to monitor COVID-19 closely but, at this time, is unable to predict how COVID-19 will impact its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition in 2023. In addition to any direct impact on the Company's business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing its financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the on-going COVID-19 conditions.

(h)Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, lease incremental borrowing rate, derivative liability associated with redeemable preferred shares, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

(i)Warrants

The Company reviews the terms of warrants to purchase its common stock to determine whether warrants should be classified as liabilities or stockholders’ equity in its consolidated balance sheet. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ equity, the warrant must be (a) indexed to the Company’s equity and (b) meet the conditions for equity classification in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. If a warrant does not meet the conditions for equity classification, it is carried on the consolidated balance sheet as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in the statement of operations as change in fair value of warrants in other income (expense). If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.

(j)Foreign Currency Matters

For Nuvve Corp., Nuvve SaS, and Nuvve LTD, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. All local foreign currency asset and liability amounts are remeasured into U.S. dollars at balance sheet date exchange rates, except for inventories, prepaid expenses, and property, plant, and equipment, which are remeasured at historical rates. Foreign currency revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during the year, except for expenses related to balance sheet amounts which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary, Nuvve Denmark, are measured using the subsidiary’s local currency as the functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of Nuvve Denmark into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses for the subsidiary are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(k)Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area.

In connection with a new office lease agreement, the Company was required to provide irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit to the landlord upon execution of the lease. The total amount securing the letter of credit and recorded as restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $480,000 and $380,000, respectively.

(l)Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist primarily of payments due from customers under the Company’s contracts with customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers to assess the probability of accounts receivable collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction experience with the customer, assessment of their credit history, and review of the invoicing terms of the contract. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses on customer accounts when deemed necessary. Based on the analysis, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 7 for details.

(m)Concentrations of Credit Risk

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows:

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 32.1%, and one customer accounted for 12.4% of total revenue, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 54.7% and 44.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At December 31, 2022, three customers in aggregate accounted for 40.6% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 53.6% and 56.0% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all potential credit losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

(n)Inventories

Inventories, consisting primarily of DC chargers, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company values its inventories using the first-in, first-out method. Cost includes purchased products. Net realizable value is based on current selling prices less costs of disposal. At December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s inventories consisted solely of finished goods, including school buses, added as of December 31, 2022, which the Company expect to lease or sell in the future. Should demand for the Company’s products prove to be significantly less than anticipated, the ultimate realizable value of the Company’s inventories could be substantially less than the amount shown on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

(o)Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective asset. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while betterments are capitalized. Upon sale or disposition of assets, any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statement of operations.

(p)Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of patents which are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method. No significant residual value is estimated for intangible assets.

(q)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including evaluating the useful lives for amortizing intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) from the use of an asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value. There were no such write-downs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(r)Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in equity securities of nonpublic entities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair values on a regular basis to determine if the investment is impaired. For purposes of this assessment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, earnings and revenue outlook, liquidity, and management ownership, among other factors, in its review. If management’s assessment indicates that an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the equity investment and recognizes in current earnings an impairment loss that is equal to the difference between the fair value of the equity investment and its carrying amount.

In February 2019, the Company invested in common shares of Dreev SaS, (“Dreev”). Dreev is a nonpublic entity, for which there is no readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s investment in Dreev was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the year ended December 31, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021.

In June 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd ("Switch"), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom through an advance subscription agreement for a future equity ownership. Since Switch is a nonpublic entity, there is no readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s investment in Switch was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the year ended December 31, 2022.

(s)Employee Savings Plan

The Company maintains a savings plan on behalf of its employees that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participating employees may contribute up to the statutory limits. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not contribute to the savings plan.

(t)Fair Value Measurement

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and warrants. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company also considers counterparty risk and its own credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized based on a three-level hierarchy. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are defined as follows:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 – Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or market corroborated inputs.

•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would value the assets or liabilities.

(u)Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The Company’s basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

The computation of net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by deducting net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests, preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interest, and accretion on preferred shares on redeemable non-controlling interest from the consolidated net earnings or loss (Note 14).

(v)Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the way that depicts the transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for credits and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•Determination of the transaction price;

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from sales of EV charging stations, fees for cloud computing services related to providing access to the Company’s GIVe platform, and fees for extended warranty and maintenance services. The Company also has performed certain software development services and received government grants. GIVe platform access is considered a monthly series comprised of one performance obligation and fees are recognized as revenue in the period the services are provided to and consumed by the customer. The transaction price for each contract is allocated between the identified performance obligations based on relative estimated standalone selling prices.

The Company occasionally enters into contracts with customers in which EV charging stations are sold at a discount in exchange for a higher percentage of revenue share from the customer selling energy through the GIVe platform or from carbon credits. Due to the long-term nature of these payment terms, certain contracts are considered to have significant financing components as it relates to the equipment. The Company estimates the effect of any significant financing component and records the revenue associated with the EV charging stations at the estimated present value of the expected stream of payments. As payments are received, the difference between the total payment and the amortized value of the receivable is recorded to interest income in Other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations using the effective yield method.

Products – The Company sells EV charging stations either on a standalone basis or together with services such as access to the GIVe platform, extended warranty and maintenance services. When the sale of charging station is a distinct performance obligation, revenue is recognized upon delivery. For other customer contracts, the charging stations are sold as part of a solution and are not distinct from the services, and revenue from the charging station is recognized upon completion of installation and commissioning of the equipment.

Services – Specific contracts contain licenses to the software that provides the V2G functionality for one- to twelve-year contract periods through access to the Company’s software as a service GIVe platform application. The Company determined that the nature of the GIVe application performance obligation is providing continuous access to its GIVe application for the contract period. Although the activities that the customer may be able to perform via the GIVe application may vary from day to day, the overall promise is to provide continuous access to the GIVe application to the customer for a period of one- to twelve years. Thus, access to the GIVe application represents a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and the Company has determined that for GIVe SaaS revenue, the best indicator for the transfer of control is the passage of time. The payment terms for some of the Company’s service contracts include revenue sharing arrangements whereby the Company is entitled to the right to receive a portion of the revenue generated by the customer selling energy through the GIVe platform or from carbon credits received as a result of the customer using the GIVe platform. Revenue is recognized as it is received.

The Company has entered into various agreements for research and development and software development services. The terms of these arrangements typically include terms whereby the Company receives milestone payments in accordance with the scope of services outlined in the respective agreement or is reimbursed for allowable costs. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether a significant reversal of cumulative revenue associated with achieving the milestones is probable and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. The Company applies judgment in evaluating factors such as the scientific, regulatory,

commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve a particular milestone in making this assessment. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revenue arising from from reimbursed allowable costs are recognized as the costs are submitted and approved by the applicable agency.

The Company occasionally sells extended warranty contracts on the charging stations, which includes maintenance of the equipment for a period (e.g., three years, five years, 10 years, 12 years). The warranty provides the customer with assurance that the product will function as intended for the period of the contract and maintenance services related to the equipment. Since the warranty provides a customer with a service in addition to the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications, the promised service is a performance obligation. Access to the warranty services represent a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and the Company recognizes warranty revenue ratably with the passage of time.

Revenue for certain service contracts, such as third party installation, is recognized over time using an input method where progress on the performance obligation is measured based on the proportional actual costs incurred to date relative to the total costs expected to be required to satisfy the performance obligation.

Bill-and-hold arrangements - The Company occasionally enters into bill and hold arrangements in which some customers request that billed products that are ready for delivery be held at the Company's warehouse facility for them until shipment at a later date. In this instance, revenue is recognized when; 1) the risks of ownership, including title, have passed to the customer, 2) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer, 3) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer, and 4) the Company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer.

Grant revenue – The Company has concluded that grants are not within the scope of ASC 606, as government entities do not meet the definition of a “customer” as defined by ASC 606, and as for the grants, there is not considered to be a transfer of control of goods or services to the government entity funding the grant. Additionally, the Company has concluded these government grants meet the definition of a contribution and are non-reciprocal transactions; however, ASC Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit-Entities-Revenue Recognition, does not apply, as the Company is a business entity, and the grants are with a governmental agency.

Revenues from each grant are based upon internal costs incurred that are specifically covered by the grant. Revenue is recognized as the Company incurs expenses that are related to the grant. The Company believes this policy is consistent with the overarching premise in ASC 606, to ensure that it recognizes revenues to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, even though there is no “exchange” as defined in the ASC. The Company believes the recognition of revenue as costs are incurred and amounts become earned/realizable is analogous to the concept of transfer of control of a service over time under ASC 606.

The Company considers contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or makes changes to the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Contract modifications for services that are not distinct from the existing contract are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. In these cases, the effect of the contract modification on the transaction price and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates are recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. Contract modifications for goods or services that are considered distinct from the existing contract are accounted for as separate contracts.

The Company’s contract liabilities consist solely of deferred revenue related to amounts billed or received in advance of services or products delivered.

(w)Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs of material, including hardware and software costs, and costs of providing services, including employee compensation and other costs associated with supporting these functions. Cost of revenue does not include depreciation and amortization costs.

(x)Contract Costs

Under ASC Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers (“ASC 340-40”), the Company defers all incremental costs, including commissions, incurred to obtain the contract and amortizes these costs over the expected

period of benefit which is generally the life of the contract. The Company evaluated incremental contract costs for contracts in place as of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 and determined these to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

(y)Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”), under which it recognizes deferred income taxes, net of valuation allowances, for net operating losses, tax credit carryforwards, and the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if a valuation allowance is required and considers whether a valuation allowance should be recorded against deferred tax assets based on the likelihood that the benefits of the deferred tax assets will or will not ultimately be realized in future periods. In making this assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified, such as recent operating results, and less consideration is given to less objective indicators, such as future income projections. After consideration of positive and negative evidence, if the Company determines that it is more likely than not that it will generate future income sufficient to realize its deferred tax assets, the Company will record a reduction in the valuation allowance.

The Company applies certain provisions of ASC 740, which includes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit or obligation as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments.

(z)Research and Development

The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. External software development expense is included in research and development costs except for those costs which require capitalization in accordance with GAAP. Certain research and development costs are related to performance on grant contracts.

(aa)Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all share-based compensations costs granted to employees and non-employees under the method prescribed by ASC 718-10, Stock Compensation (Note 12). Stock-based compensation cost is measured based on the estimated grant date fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

(ab)Leases

The Company makes a determination if an arrangement constitutes a lease at inception, and categorizes the lease as either an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are included in right-of-use operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has entered into leases for building facilities and vehicles. The Company’s leases have contractual terms of up to 10 years, some of which have options to extend the lease. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms are deemed not to include options to extend the lease renewals until it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Right-of-use lease assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the implicit rate on most of the Company's leases are not reasonable determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The

Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the company will exercise that option. Lease expense is primarily recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are combined for certain assets classes.

(ac)Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt the guidance effective beginning January 1, 2023. The Company has completed its assessment of the guidance and has concluded that it will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

(ad)Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

None applicable

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares) \| shares	353,817
Granted (in Shares) \| shares	503,390
Vested/Release (in Shares) \| shares	(398,492)
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Shares) \| shares	(22,456)
Ending balance (in Shares) \| shares	436,259
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.00
Granted (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	3.07
Vested/Release (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	6.12
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	8.72
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 6.43

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward, subject to expiration	$ 3,070,000
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	18,051,182	$ 10,384,550
Valuation allowance increase	(7,666,632)
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	59,202,000
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 28,125,000

Non-Controlling Interest - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Non-Controlling Interest - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) vesting_installment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares) \| shares	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares) \| shares	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	3,138	3,138
Accretion period (in years)	7 years
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition	2 years 6 months 18 days
Class D Incentive Units
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	80.00%
Number of vesting installments \| vesting_installment	4
Percentage of incentive units to be vested	20.00%
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock	$ 1,991,555
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition	3 years 3 months 18 days
Class D Incentive Units \| Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Compensation expense	$ 445,479
Class D Incentive Units \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, All Tranches
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	80.00%
Class D Incentive Units \| Share Based Compensation Award Tranche Four
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Class D Incentive Units \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Class D Incentive Units \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Class D Incentive Units \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Redeemable non controlling interests
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - embedded derivatives	$ 0	$ 497,606
Accretion value	645,866	261,505
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount	$ 3,547,765	$ 2,901,899	$ 0
Levo Mobility LLC \| Series B Preferred Stock
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares) \| shares	1,000,000
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1,000
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage	8.00%
Temporary equity, accretion of dividends	$ 326,606
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares) \| shares	3,138
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	3,138
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, fair value	$ 3,138,000
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount	$ 2,640,394

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events January 2023 ATM Offering Program On January 31, 2023, the Company entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), as the sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agent, shares of its common stock (the “Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $25,000,000. The Company will pay the Agent a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross sales prices of the Shares. The Company reimbursed the Agent for fees and disbursements of its legal counsel in the amount of $50,000. In January and February 2023, we sold 78,638 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement at an average price of $1.79 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $0.1 million. February 2023 Registered Direct Offering On February 17, 2023, the Company entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor, relating to the issuance and sale of 543,478 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering (the “February 2023 Offering”). The offering price for the shares was $0.92 per share of common stock. The closing of the February 2023 Offering occurred on February 21, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the February 2023 Offering was approximately $0.5 million. Chardan Capital Markets LLC acted as the placement agent for the February 2023 Offering and received a sales commission of 3.0% of the gross proceeds. Sale of Switch Investment On March 30, 2022, the Company sold its investment interest in Switch for $1.3 million. The company had invested $1.0 million in Switch for an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022. See Note 6 for further details.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities included in the company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets

Cash	$	27,629	$	28,446




Prepaid expenses and other current assets	59,794		—








Total Assets	$	87,423	$	28,446

Liabilities

Accounts payable	$	8,165	$	—
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	336,713		$	116,754






Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	359,225		511,948

Total Liabilities	$	704,103	$	628,702

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Property, Plant, and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:


	Useful Lives			As of December 31,
				2022		2021

Computers & servers	1 year	to	3 years	$	130,417	$	105,499
Vehicles	5 years	to	7 years	139,788		168,862

Office furniture and equipment	3 years	to	5 years	326,613		161,771
DC Chargers (1)	5 years	to	7 years	256,685		6,050
Total				853,503		442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation				(216,559)		(85,988)
Property, plant and equipment, net				$	636,944	$	356,194

				As of December 31,
				2022		2021
Depreciation expense				$	150,099	$	27,280

__________________

(1) Represents DC Charges temporary loan out to customer while their DC Charges being repaired.

Leases - Lease cost (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Leases - Lease cost (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use operating lease assets	$ 5,305,881	$ 5,305,881	$ 3,483,042
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, after accumulated amortization	18,467	18,467	25,664
Operating and finance lease right-of-use assets	$ 5,324,348	$ 5,324,348	3,508,706
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net
Operating lease liabilities - current	$ 824,326	$ 824,326	41,513
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,090,170	5,090,170	3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities - current	7,184	7,184	7,634
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	12,959	12,959	18,860
Total lease liabilities	$ 5,934,639	$ 5,934,639	$ 3,509,649
Finance lease, liability, current, statement of financial position, extensible list	Other liabilities	Other liabilities	Other liabilities
Finance lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position, extensible list	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities
Total lease expense		$ 818,924	$ 226,346
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease expense	$ 811,082		219,712
Amortization of finance lease assets	5,594		2,998
Interest Expense
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ 2,248		$ 3,636

Non-Controlling Interest - Non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (538,841)	$ (2,138,272)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	263,846	101,856
Non-controlling interests	(3,950,186)	(2,501,633)
Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	263,846	101,856
Preferred share accretion adjustment	645,866	261,505
Non-controlling interests	$ (1,448,553)	$ (2,501,633)

- Definition

Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which is directly or indirectly attributable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (that is, noncontrolling interest, previously referred to as minority interest).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(24))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 28
-Subparagraph (f)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123596393&loc=d3e14064-108612

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.31)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120391452&loc=d3e13212-122682

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 323
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114001798&loc=d3e33918-111571

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(22))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

+ Details

Leases - Narrative (Details)	1 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 27, 2022 ft²	Apr. 15, 2022	Nov. 03, 2021 USD ($)	May 16, 2021 USD ($) ft²
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract		10 years
Main Office Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract						10 years
Net rentable area \| ft²						10,250
Operating lease, fixed percent increase in rental payment					3.00%	3.00%
Letter of credit outstanding \| $					$ 100,000	$ 380,000
Operating lease, rental abatement period				2 months
Warehouse Space
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, term of contract			36 months
Net rentable area \| ft²			10,000
Operating lease, renewal term (in years)			36 months
Operating lease expense \| $	$ 5,625

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The Business Combination between Newborn, a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (“SPAC”), the Company, prior to the Business Combination a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, and Nuvve Corp., prior to the Business Combination a privately held operating company, pursuant to which the Company acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corp. (see Business Combination below) was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP (the “Reverse Recapitalization”). Under this method of accounting, Newborn was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Nuvve Corp. issuing stock for the net assets of Newborn, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets recorded from Newborn are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations prior to the Reverse Recapitalization are those of Nuvve Corp. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders prior to the Business Combination have been retroactively restated to reflect the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination. In accordance with the related Going Concern accounting standards, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $117.0 million and $92.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company incurred an operating loss of $36.9 million and $27.2 million, respectively, and used $34.1 million and $29.2 million, respectively, of cash in operations. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's GIVe platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure. Management plans to fund current operations through increased revenues and if required cash saving measures and or raising additional capital. Management's expectations with respect to the Company’s ability to fund current planned operations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. There is an inherent risk that the Company may not achieve such financial projections and if so, cash outflows could be higher than currently anticipated. Should this occur, management plans to implement cash saving measures during this time period, including reductions in discretionary expenses related to consultants, travel, personnel, and personnel-related costs. If necessary, management believes it can raise additional capital through its at-the-market offering agreement. However, as such plans are not solely within management’s control management cannot conclude as of the date of this filing that the plans are probable of being successfully implemented and as such has concluded that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the date of issuance of our financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of ConsolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Variable Interest Entities	Variable Interest Entities Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors at risk lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve, in which the Company owns 51% of Levo's common units. The Company has determined that Levo is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Levo and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by Stonepeak and Evolve. Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs The Company's consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests" in the consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIEs.
Noncontrolling Interest	Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest - Mezzanine Equity Redeemable non-controlling interest represents the shares of the preferred stock issued by Levo to Stonepeak and Evolve (the "preferred shareholders"), who own 49% of Levo common units. The preferred stock is not mandatorily redeemable or currently redeemable, but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo, the preferred shareholders or a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. As a result of the contingent put right available to the preferred shareholders, the redeemable non-controlling interests in Levo are classified as mezzanine equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity. The initial carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the initial proceeds received on issuance date, reduced by the fair value of embedded derivatives resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value. The adjusted initial carrying value is further adjusted for the accretion of the difference with the redemption price value using the effective interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details. (d)Non-controlling interests The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the consolidated statements of operations. For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the consolidated financial statements. Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.
Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)	Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)In April 2022, Levo issued Class D Incentive Units to certain key employees in the form of profits interests within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Service (“Profits Interests”). Any future distributions under the Profits Interests will only occur once distributions made to all other member units exceed a threshold amount. The Company performed an analysis of the key features of the Profits Interests to determine whether the nature of the Profits Interests are (a) an equity award which should be accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation or (b) a bonus arrangement which should be accounted for under ASC 710, Compensation – General. Based on the features of the Profits Interests, the awards are considered stock compensation to be accounted for as equity. Accordingly, compensation expense for the Profits Interests will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards.
Business Combination	Business Combination The Company is party to a merger agreement (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of November 11, 2020 and amended as of February 20, 2021, by and among Newborn, a Cayman Islands company, the Company, a Delaware corporation and prior to the Business Combination a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, Nuvve Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and prior to the Business Combination a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Nuvve Corp., a Delaware corporation, and Ted Smith, an individual, as the representative of the stockholders of Nuvve Corp. On March 16, 2021, Newborn held an extraordinary general meeting of its shareholders, at which Newborn’s shareholders approved the Business Combination, along with certain other related proposals. On March 19, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), the parties consummated the Business Combination. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Business Combination was effected in two steps: (i) Newborn reincorporated to the State of Delaware by merging with and into the Company, with the Company surviving as the publicly-traded entity (the “Reincorporation Merger”); and (ii) immediately after the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into Nuvve, with Nuvve surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Acquisition Merger”). Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Reincorporation Merger and the Acquisition Merger, the Company filed its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company changed its name to “Nuvve Holding Corp.” and adopted certain other changes that the Company’s Board of Directors deemed appropriate for an operating public company. In connection with the entry into the Merger Agreement, on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain accredited Private Investment in Public Equity investors (the “PIPE Investors”), under which, immediately before the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE Investors purchased 1,425,000 ordinary shares of Newborn, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 in a private placement (the “PIPE”). The PIPE Investors also received warrants to purchase 1,353,750 ordinary shares of Newborn (the “PIPE Warrants”) that were identical to Newborn’s other outstanding warrants. Also, on November 11, 2020, Nuvve Corp. entered into a bridge loan agreement with an accredited investor, under which, on November 17, 2020, the investor purchased a $4,000,000 6% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture from Nuvve Corp. (the “Bridge Loan”), which automatically converted into shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock immediately before the closing of the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Reincorporation Merger, each of Newborn’s outstanding units was automatically separated into its constituent securities, and Newborn’s outstanding securities (including the Newborn ordinary shares and Newborn warrants purchased by the PIPE Investors) were converted into a like number of equivalent securities of the Company, except that each of Newborn’s rights was converted automatically into one-tenth of one share of the Company’s common stock in accordance with its terms. Upon the closing of the Acquisition Merger, each share of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Acquisition Merger (including the shares issued upon conversion of Nuvve Corp.’s preferred stock and upon conversion of the Bridge Loan as described above) automatically was converted into approximately 0.212403050 shares (the “Closing Exchange Ratio”) of the Company’s common stock, for an aggregate of 9,122,996 shares of the Company’s common stock. Each outstanding option to purchase Nuvve Corp.’s common stock (“Nuvve Options”) was assumed by the Company and converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock subject to such option immediately prior to the effective time multiplied by the Closing Exchange Ratio, for an aggregate of 1,303,610 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price equal to the exercise price immediately prior to the effective time divided by the Closing Exchange Ratio. The Closing Exchange Ratio was determined by taking (i) a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to (A) the Closing Merger Consideration (as defined below), divided by (B) $10.00 per share, and dividing it by (ii) the sum of (x) the total number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock outstanding as of immediately prior to closing (including the shares issued upon conversion of Nuvve Corp.’s preferred stock, but excluding the shares issued upon conversion of the Bridge Loan) and (y) the total number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock issuable upon exercise of Nuvve Options outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The “Closing Merger Consideration” was determined by taking $100,000,000, subtracting the amount of Nuvve Corp.’s indebtedness for borrowed money as of the closing of the Acquisition Merger (excluding Payroll Protection Program loans eligible for forgiveness), which was zero, and adding the aggregate exercise price of the Nuvve Options outstanding as of the date of the Merger Agreement or granted prior to the closing of the Acquisition Merger, which was $4,265,785. Additionally, the former stockholders of Nuvve Corp. would have been entitled to receive up to 4.0 million earn-out shares of the Company’s common stock if, for the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s revenue equaled or exceeded $30,000,000. The former Nuvve Corp. stockholders would have been entitled to a portion of the earn-out shares only if they continued to hold their shares of the Company’s common stock received in the Acquisition Merger through the earn-out payment date. As the Company's target revenue of $30,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021, was not met, the former stockholders of Nuvve Corp. were not entitled to receive up to the 4.0 million earn-out shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to a purchase and option agreement, dated as of November 11, 2020 (the “Purchase and Option Agreement”), between the Company and EDF Renewables, Inc. (“EDF Renewables”), a former stockholder of Nuvve Corp. and the owner of more than 5% of the Company’s common stock, immediately after the closing, the Company repurchased 600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from EDF Renewables at a price of $10.00 per share. In addition, on the Closing Date, EDF Renewables exercised its option to sell an additional $2,000,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock back to the Company at a price per share of $14.87 (the average closing price over the five preceding trading days). The share repurchase was completed on April 26, 2021 (see Note 11). Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer had fulfilled their obligations and had purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000. As agreed between the parties to the Merger Agreement, immediately following the closing of the Acquisition Merger, the Company’s board of directors consisted of seven directors. A majority of the directors qualified as independent directors under rules of Nasdaq. In Newborn’s initial public offering, Newborn issued 5,750,000 units at $10.00 per unit. Each unit issued in the initial public offering consisted of one ordinary share, one warrant to purchase one-half of an ordinary share (the “Public Warrant”), and one right automatically convertible into one-tenth of an ordinary shares upon completion of an initial business combination. Concurrently with the initial public offering, Newborn sold to its sponsor 272,500 units at $10.00 per unit in a private placement. Each unit in the private placement consisted of one ordinary share, one warrant to purchase one-half of an ordinary share (the “Private Warrant”), and one right automatically convertible into one-tenth of an ordinary share upon completion of an initial business combination. Newborn received net proceeds of approximately $57,989,380 from the public and private units. Upon closing of the initial public offering and the private placement, $57,500,000 was placed by Newborn in a trust account with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee (the “Trust Account”). On the Closing Date of the Business Combination, the balance in the Trust Account was $58,471,961. After the closing of the Business Combination, and other transactions described above, including payment of $18,630 for redemptions of ordinary shares by Newborn stockholders, payment of transaction costs of $3,702,421, repayment of loans made by Newborn’s sponsor to Newborn of $487,500, repurchase of $6,000,000 in common shares held by EDF Renewables, and transfer into an escrow account with Silicon Valley Bank of $495,000 to cover the balance of the Company’s PPP Loan payable, the Company received total net proceeds from the Trust Account in cash of $47,768,410. Also on March 19, 2021, the PIPE closed, and the Company received cash proceeds, net of $2,500 of transaction costs, of $14,247,500.
Emerging Growth Company	Emerging Growth CompanySection 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
COVID-19	COVID-19 The on-going impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) continues to negatively impacted the global economy, although to a lesser extent than in prior years. However, the Company continues to monitor COVID-19 closely but, at this time, is unable to predict how COVID-19 will impact its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition in 2023. In addition to any direct impact on the Company's business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing its financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the on-going COVID-19 conditions.
Use of estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, lease incremental borrowing rate, derivative liability associated with redeemable preferred shares, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.
Warrants	WarrantsThe Company reviews the terms of warrants to purchase its common stock to determine whether warrants should be classified as liabilities or stockholders’ equity in its consolidated balance sheet. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ equity, the warrant must be (a) indexed to the Company’s equity and (b) meet the conditions for equity classification in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. If a warrant does not meet the conditions for equity classification, it is carried on the consolidated balance sheet as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in the statement of operations as change in fair value of warrants in other income (expense). If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.
Foreign Currency Matters	Foreign Currency Matters For Nuvve Corp., Nuvve SaS, and Nuvve LTD, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. All local foreign currency asset and liability amounts are remeasured into U.S. dollars at balance sheet date exchange rates, except for inventories, prepaid expenses, and property, plant, and equipment, which are remeasured at historical rates. Foreign currency revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during the year, except for expenses related to balance sheet amounts which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary, Nuvve Denmark, are measured using the subsidiary’s local currency as the functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of Nuvve Denmark into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses for the subsidiary are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Cash and Restricted Cash	Cash and Restricted Cash The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area. In connection with a new office lease agreement, the Company was required to provide irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit to the landlord upon execution of the lease. The total amount securing the letter of credit and recorded as restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $480,000 and $380,000, respectively.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts ReceivableAccounts receivable consist primarily of payments due from customers under the Company’s contracts with customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers to assess the probability of accounts receivable collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction experience with the customer, assessment of their credit history, and review of the invoicing terms of the contract. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses on customer accounts when deemed necessary. Based on the analysis, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows: For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 32.1%, and one customer accounted for 12.4% of total revenue, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 54.7% and 44.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. At December 31, 2022, three customers in aggregate accounted for 40.6% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable. Approximately 53.6% and 56.0% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all potential credit losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Inventories	InventoriesInventories, consisting primarily of DC chargers, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company values its inventories using the first-in, first-out method. Cost includes purchased products. Net realizable value is based on current selling prices less costs of disposal. At December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s inventories consisted solely of finished goods, including school buses, added as of December 31, 2022, which the Company expect to lease or sell in the future. Should demand for the Company’s products prove to be significantly less than anticipated, the ultimate realizable value of the Company’s inventories could be substantially less than the amount shown on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Property and Equipment, Net	Property and Equipment, NetProperty and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective asset. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while betterments are capitalized. Upon sale or disposition of assets, any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statement of operations.
Intangible Assets	Intangible AssetsIntangible assets consist of patents which are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method. No significant residual value is estimated for intangible assets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsThe Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including evaluating the useful lives for amortizing intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) from the use of an asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value.
Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values	Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values Investments in equity securities of nonpublic entities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair values on a regular basis to determine if the investment is impaired. For purposes of this assessment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, earnings and revenue outlook, liquidity, and management ownership, among other factors, in its review. If management’s assessment indicates that an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the equity investment and recognizes in current earnings an impairment loss that is equal to the difference between the fair value of the equity investment and its carrying amount. In February 2019, the Company invested in common shares of Dreev SaS, (“Dreev”). Dreev is a nonpublic entity, for which there is no readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s investment in Dreev was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the year ended December 31, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021. In June 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd ("Switch"), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom through an advance subscription agreement for a future equity ownership. Since Switch is a nonpublic entity, there is no readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s investment in Switch was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment.
Employee Savings Plan	Employee Savings PlanThe Company maintains a savings plan on behalf of its employees that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participating employees may contribute up to the statutory limits. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not contribute to the savings plan.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair Value Measurement The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and warrants. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company also considers counterparty risk and its own credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized based on a three-level hierarchy. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are defined as follows: •Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2 – Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or market corroborated inputs. •Level 3 – Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would value the assets or liabilities.
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders The Company’s basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The computation of net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by deducting net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests, preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interest, and accretion on preferred shares on redeemable non-controlling interest from the consolidated net earnings or loss (Note 14).
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the way that depicts the transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for credits and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps: •Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; •Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; •Determination of the transaction price; •Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and •Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from sales of EV charging stations, fees for cloud computing services related to providing access to the Company’s GIVe platform, and fees for extended warranty and maintenance services. The Company also has performed certain software development services and received government grants. GIVe platform access is considered a monthly series comprised of one performance obligation and fees are recognized as revenue in the period the services are provided to and consumed by the customer. The transaction price for each contract is allocated between the identified performance obligations based on relative estimated standalone selling prices. The Company occasionally enters into contracts with customers in which EV charging stations are sold at a discount in exchange for a higher percentage of revenue share from the customer selling energy through the GIVe platform or from carbon credits. Due to the long-term nature of these payment terms, certain contracts are considered to have significant financing components as it relates to the equipment. The Company estimates the effect of any significant financing component and records the revenue associated with the EV charging stations at the estimated present value of the expected stream of payments. As payments are received, the difference between the total payment and the amortized value of the receivable is recorded to interest income in Other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations using the effective yield method. Products – The Company sells EV charging stations either on a standalone basis or together with services such as access to the GIVe platform, extended warranty and maintenance services. When the sale of charging station is a distinct performance obligation, revenue is recognized upon delivery. For other customer contracts, the charging stations are sold as part of a solution and are not distinct from the services, and revenue from the charging station is recognized upon completion of installation and commissioning of the equipment. Services – Specific contracts contain licenses to the software that provides the V2G functionality for one- to twelve-year contract periods through access to the Company’s software as a service GIVe platform application. The Company determined that the nature of the GIVe application performance obligation is providing continuous access to its GIVe application for the contract period. Although the activities that the customer may be able to perform via the GIVe application may vary from day to day, the overall promise is to provide continuous access to the GIVe application to the customer for a period of one- to twelve years. Thus, access to the GIVe application represents a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and the Company has determined that for GIVe SaaS revenue, the best indicator for the transfer of control is the passage of time. The payment terms for some of the Company’s service contracts include revenue sharing arrangements whereby the Company is entitled to the right to receive a portion of the revenue generated by the customer selling energy through the GIVe platform or from carbon credits received as a result of the customer using the GIVe platform. Revenue is recognized as it is received. The Company has entered into various agreements for research and development and software development services. The terms of these arrangements typically include terms whereby the Company receives milestone payments in accordance with the scope of services outlined in the respective agreement or is reimbursed for allowable costs. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether a significant reversal of cumulative revenue associated with achieving the milestones is probable and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. The Company applies judgment in evaluating factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve a particular milestone in making this assessment. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revenue arising from from reimbursed allowable costs are recognized as the costs are submitted and approved by the applicable agency. The Company occasionally sells extended warranty contracts on the charging stations, which includes maintenance of the equipment for a period (e.g., three years, five years, 10 years, 12 years). The warranty provides the customer with assurance that the product will function as intended for the period of the contract and maintenance services related to the equipment. Since the warranty provides a customer with a service in addition to the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications, the promised service is a performance obligation. Access to the warranty services represent a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and the Company recognizes warranty revenue ratably with the passage of time. Revenue for certain service contracts, such as third party installation, is recognized over time using an input method where progress on the performance obligation is measured based on the proportional actual costs incurred to date relative to the total costs expected to be required to satisfy the performance obligation. Bill-and-hold arrangements - The Company occasionally enters into bill and hold arrangements in which some customers request that billed products that are ready for delivery be held at the Company's warehouse facility for them until shipment at a later date. In this instance, revenue is recognized when; 1) the risks of ownership, including title, have passed to the customer, 2) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer, 3) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer, and 4) the Company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer. Grant revenue – The Company has concluded that grants are not within the scope of ASC 606, as government entities do not meet the definition of a “customer” as defined by ASC 606, and as for the grants, there is not considered to be a transfer of control of goods or services to the government entity funding the grant. Additionally, the Company has concluded these government grants meet the definition of a contribution and are non-reciprocal transactions; however, ASC Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit-Entities-Revenue Recognition, does not apply, as the Company is a business entity, and the grants are with a governmental agency. Revenues from each grant are based upon internal costs incurred that are specifically covered by the grant. Revenue is recognized as the Company incurs expenses that are related to the grant. The Company believes this policy is consistent with the overarching premise in ASC 606, to ensure that it recognizes revenues to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, even though there is no “exchange” as defined in the ASC. The Company believes the recognition of revenue as costs are incurred and amounts become earned/realizable is analogous to the concept of transfer of control of a service over time under ASC 606. The Company considers contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or makes changes to the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Contract modifications for services that are not distinct from the existing contract are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. In these cases, the effect of the contract modification on the transaction price and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates are recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. Contract modifications for goods or services that are considered distinct from the existing contract are accounted for as separate contracts. The Company’s contract liabilities consist solely of deferred revenue related to amounts billed or received in advance of services or products delivered.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of RevenueCost of revenue consists primarily of costs of material, including hardware and software costs, and costs of providing services, including employee compensation and other costs associated with supporting these functions. Cost of revenue does not include depreciation and amortization costs.
Contract Costs	Contract CostsUnder ASC Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers (“ASC 340-40”), the Company defers all incremental costs, including commissions, incurred to obtain the contract and amortizes these costs over the expected period of benefit which is generally the life of the contract. The Company evaluated incremental contract costs for contracts in place as of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 and determined these to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”), under which it recognizes deferred income taxes, net of valuation allowances, for net operating losses, tax credit carryforwards, and the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if a valuation allowance is required and considers whether a valuation allowance should be recorded against deferred tax assets based on the likelihood that the benefits of the deferred tax assets will or will not ultimately be realized in future periods. In making this assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified, such as recent operating results, and less consideration is given to less objective indicators, such as future income projections. After consideration of positive and negative evidence, if the Company determines that it is more likely than not that it will generate future income sufficient to realize its deferred tax assets, the Company will record a reduction in the valuation allowance. The Company applies certain provisions of ASC 740, which includes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit or obligation as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments.
Research and Development	Research and DevelopmentThe Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. External software development expense is included in research and development costs except for those costs which require capitalization in accordance with GAAP. Certain research and development costs are related to performance on grant contracts.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based CompensationThe Company accounts for all share-based compensations costs granted to employees and non-employees under the method prescribed by ASC 718-10, Stock Compensation (Note 12). Stock-based compensation cost is measured based on the estimated grant date fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Leases	Leases The Company makes a determination if an arrangement constitutes a lease at inception, and categorizes the lease as either an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are included in right-of-use operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has entered into leases for building facilities and vehicles. The Company’s leases have contractual terms of up to 10 years, some of which have options to extend the lease. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms are deemed not to include options to extend the lease renewals until it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Right-of-use lease assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the implicit rate on most of the Company's leases are not reasonable determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the company will exercise that option. Lease expense is primarily recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are combined for certain assets classes.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements/Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted	Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt the guidance effective beginning January 1, 2023. The Company has completed its assessment of the guidance and has concluded that it will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. (ad)Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted None applicable

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Operating expenses
Cost of product and service revenue	4,196,788	2,002,197
Selling, general, and administrative	30,115,571	22,896,125
Research and development	7,976,568	6,524,245
Total operating expenses	42,288,927	31,422,567
Operating loss	(36,915,544)	(27,231,802)
Other income (expense)
Interest income (expense)	134,579	(585,157)
Financing costs	0	(46,754,794)
Change in fair value of warrants liability	11,986,462	(312,400)
Change in fair value of derivative liability	152,723	(14,342)
Other, net	85,074	282,183
Total other income (expense), net	12,358,838	(47,384,510)
Loss before taxes	(24,556,706)	(74,616,312)
Income tax expense	800	1,000
Net loss	(24,557,506)	(74,617,312)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(24,018,665)	(72,479,040)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	263,846	101,856
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	645,866	261,505
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (24,928,377)	$ (72,842,401)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in Shares)	20,971,896	16,654,495
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in Shares)	20,971,896	16,654,495
Products and services
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 4,913,956	$ 2,920,627
Grants
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 459,427	$ 1,270,138

Income Taxes - Income (Loss) before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States	$ (22,719,272)	$ (74,262,131)
Foreign	(1,837,434)	(354,181)
Loss before taxes	$ (24,556,706)	$ (74,616,312)

Stockholders’ Equity (Details)								1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity (Details)	Jul. 27, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	May 05, 2022 USD ($)	May 17, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 26, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 23, 2021 shares	Nov. 11, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 19, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) class_of_stock $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of classes of stock \| class_of_stock										2
Authorized capital stock (in Shares) \| shares										101,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in Shares) \| shares										100,000,000	30,000,000
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)										$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in Shares) \| shares										1,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)										$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares issued (in Shares) \| shares										0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in Shares) \| shares										0
Number of votes per common share										1
Amount of purchase \| $	$ 14,000,000
Agent fee percentage								6.00%
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)			$ 50.00
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs \| $										$ 3,763,494	$ 0
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.50
Net proceeds from offering \| $	$ 13,100,000
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years
Upfront capital commitment \| $			$ 750,000,000
Optional amount of additional funding \| $			500,000,000
Warrant liability \| $										2,000
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $										580,109	10,054,948
Fair value adjustments \| $										11,986,462	(312,400)
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period \| $										12,139,185	(326,742)
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)						$ 10.00
Stock repurchased during period (in Shares) \| shares				134,449		600,000
Repurchase of common stock from EDF \| $				$ 2,000,000						0	6,000,000
Stock repurchased, average cost per share (in Dollars per share)				$ 14.87		$ 14.87
Purchase agreement, authorized amount \| $			250,000,000
Grant date fair value of securities purchase agreement \| $			$ 12,600,000
Unit Purchase Option
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)							$ 100
Exercisable units (in Shares) \| shares							316,250
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)							$ 11.50
Aggregate exercise price \| $							$ 3,636,875
Percent of one share of common stock							110.00%
Unit Purchase Option \| Minimum
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Right to registration, period							5 years
Unit Purchase Option \| Maximum
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Right to registration, period							7 years
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $										$ 580,109	10,054,948
PIPE
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares) \| shares						1.9
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)						$ 11.50
Percent of one share of common stock						50.00%
Newborn \| Investor
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares) \| shares						1,425,000
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)						$ 10.00
Newborn \| PIPE
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Amount of purchase \| $						$ 14,250,000
Nuvve
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period, committed amount \| shares					134,499
Options to resell common stock to parent, exercised during period (in Shares) \| shares									134,499
IPO \| Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)										$ 10.00
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in Shares) \| shares							1
Percent of one share of common stock							50.00%			50.00%
Number of warrants per unit (in Shares) \| shares							1			1
Private Placement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Fair value adjustments \| $										$ 864,000
Private Placement \| Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares) \| shares										272,500
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)										$ 10.00
Percent of one share of common stock										50.00%
Number of warrants per unit (in Shares) \| shares							1			1
Shelf Registration
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Amount of purchase \| $		$ 100,000,000
At The Market Offering
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Amount of purchase \| $		$ 25,000,000
Agent fee percentage		3.00%
Sale of units (in Shares) \| shares										792,882
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)										$ 4.97
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs \| $										$ 3,800,000
Private Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $										2,000	866,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period \| $										864,000	387,228
Private Warrants \| Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $										$ 2,000	$ 866,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares			2,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 10.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares			1,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 15.00
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance			50.00%
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures			50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants \| $			$ 125,000,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares			1,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 20.00
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance			50.00%
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures			50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants \| $			$ 250,000,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares			1,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 30.00
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance			50.00%
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures			50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants \| $			$ 375,000,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares			1,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 40.00
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance			50.00%
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures			50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants \| $			$ 500,000,000
Warrant vesting period			180 days
Stonepeak
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued			90.00%
Evolve
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued			10.00%
Common Stock
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Sale of units (in Shares) \| shares	2,150,000
Prefunded Warrant
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares	1,850,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.4999
Warrants exercisable term	5 years
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in Shares) \| shares	1
Warrant vesting period	6 months
Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares) \| shares						1,353,750	5,750,000
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares	4,000,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)										$ 16.50
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.75									11.50
Redemption price (in Dollars per share)										$ 0.01
Redemption period										30 days
Threshold consecutive trading days										20 days
Threshold trading days										30 days
Percent of one share of common stock										50.00%
Warrants \| Private Placement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Aggregate share purchase (in shares) \| shares							272,500
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)										$ 10.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 10.0
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $			$ 12,800,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)										15.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 15.0							$ 15.0	$ 15.0
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years							8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $			$ 5,600,000							$ 0.0	$ 3,200,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)										$ 20.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 20.0							$ 20.0	$ 20.0
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years							8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $			$ 4,800,000							$ 0.0	$ 2,400,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)										$ 30.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 30.0							$ 30.0	$ 30.0
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years							8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $			$ 3,800,000							$ 0.0	$ 1,700,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)										$ 40.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)			$ 40.0							$ 40.0	$ 40.0
Warrants outstanding, term			10 years							8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Total recurring fair value measurements \| $			$ 3,200,000							$ 0.0	$ 1,300,000
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants \| Securities Purchase Agreement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued			90.00%
Evolve Warrants \| Securities Purchase Agreement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued			10.00%

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Services
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	784,710	797,127
Grants
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	459,427	1,270,138
Products
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,129,246	$ 2,123,500
Products \| Customer For Which Company has Control of Transfer of Equipment
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	609,860
Products \| Trade receivables \| Customer For Which Company has Control of Transfer of Equipment
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	320,988
Products \| Financing Receivable \| Customer For Which Company has Control of Transfer of Equipment
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 288,872

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders		$	(24,928,377)	$	(72,842,401)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		20,971,896		16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		$	(1.19)	$	(4.37)

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share


	Years Ended December 31,
		2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding		2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding		958,273	709,263
Public warrants		2,875,000	3,033,548
Private warrants		136,250	143,764
PIPE warrants		1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants		6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve options		5,000,000	4,191,176

Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		1,698,630	—

Total		20,626,830	16,959,978

Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 27, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	May 17, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Consulting services (in Dollars per share)			$ 0	$ 0
Revenue from related parties			40,500	399,620
Accounts receivable, related parties			$ 0	$ 0
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)					$ 50.00
Amount of purchase	$ 14,000,000
Chief Executive Officer And Chief Operating Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares)		134,499
Purchase price (in Dollars per share)		$ 14.87
Amount of purchase		$ 2,000,000

- Definition

Amount of revenue, fees and commissions earned from transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiaries; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) an entity and trusts for the benefit of employees, for example, but not limited to, pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entity's management; (d) an entity and its principal, owners, management, or members of their immediate families; and (e) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of derivative liabilities at fair value

The following table displays the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	359,225	$	511,948

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company has entered into leases for commercial office spaces and vehicles. These leases are not unilaterally cancellable by the Company, are legally enforceable, and specify fixed or minimum amounts. The leases expire at various dates through 2031 and provide for renewal options. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties.

The leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain minimum increases. Also, the agreements generally require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs.

On May 16, 2021, the Company entered into a ten year lease for an additional 10,250 rentable square feet for its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. Also, the lease required the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced in December 2021. The monthly base rent will be abated for the second through and including the eleventh full calendar months of the term and the Company's pro rata share of certain operating expenses will be abated for the first twelve full calendar months of the lease term starting with the second month of the lease term. The Company was required to provide an irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit in the amount of $380,000 to the landlord upon execution of the lease, and this amount is recorded as restricted cash. The lease has been classified as an operating lease and included in the lease tables and the related disclosures below.

On November 3, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of its Main Office Lease to include an additional 4,811 rentable square feet in the suite adjoining its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease term will run concurrently with the main office lease which commenced in December 2021. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. The lease also requires the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced on April 15, 2022, and the Company will receive two months of rental abatement to the base rent. The Company was required to provide an additional letter of credit in the amount of $100,000 to the landlord upon commencement of the lease, and this amount is recorded as restricted cash.

In July 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement in Westland, Michigan for 10,000 square feet of warehouse space for the purpose of having its own controlled warehouse facility for its finished inventories. The term of the lease is 36 months with a fixed rent of $5,625 per month. There is an option to renew the lease for an additional 36 months, and it is probable that the Company will exercise the renewal option. There is no option to purchase the premises at lease termination.

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,305,881	$	3,483,042
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net	18,467		25,664
Total lease assets		$	5,324,348	$	3,508,706

Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	824,326	41,513
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,090,170		3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,184		7,634
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	12,959		18,860
Total lease liabilities		$	5,934,639	$	3,509,649

The components of lease expense are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021

Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	811,082	$	219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	5,594		2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	2,248		3,636
Total lease expense		$	818,924	$	226,346


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2022
2023	$	860,418	$	7,184
2024	892,212		7,184
2025	893,046		7,184
2026	921,273		1,796
2027	946,683		—
Thereafter	3,798,554		—
Total lease payments	8,312,186		23,348
Less: interest	(2,397,690)		(3,205)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,914,496	$	20,143

Lease term and discount rate:


	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.0	9.9
Finance lease	3.3	4.5

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%	7.8%

Other Information:


	Years Ended December 31,		Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	202,844	$	100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense	$	2,248	$	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	9,691	$	5,839

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	18,467	$	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

In April 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with certain local San Diego companies to sublease a portion of the Company's 4,811 square foot expansion. The term of the sublease is six months to twelve months with fixed base rental income ranging from $2,250 to $14,500 per month. The sublease has no option for renewal or extension at the end of the sublease term.

Sublease income are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	143,192	$	—

Lessor

In 2022, the Company entered into a 10 years master services agreement ("MSA") with a certain school district for FaaS to electrify their school bus fleet. A statement of work (“SOW”) for engineering, procurement and construction ("EPC") was also executed in conjunction with the MSA. As part of this SOW, the Company will provide electric vehicle supply equipment ("EVSE") and related warranties, infrastructure engineering and construction, installation of EVSE, and subscription services to Nuvve’s V2G GIVe platform. The MSA has both lease and non-lease components. The lease component is the EVSE and non-lease components are the EPCs. The Company accounted for the lease components as a sale-type lease with the investment in lease of $97,054 at December 31, 2022.

Lease income are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021
Lease income	Products and services	$	99,981	$	—
Interest income	Products and services	3,341		—
Total lease income		$	103,322	$	—

Leases

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,305,881	$	3,483,042
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net	18,467		25,664
Total lease assets		$	5,324,348	$	3,508,706

Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	824,326	41,513
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,090,170		3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,184		7,634
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	12,959		18,860
Total lease liabilities		$	5,934,639	$	3,509,649

The components of lease expense are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021

Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	811,082	$	219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	5,594		2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	2,248		3,636
Total lease expense		$	818,924	$	226,346


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2022
2023	$	860,418	$	7,184
2024	892,212		7,184
2025	893,046		7,184
2026	921,273		1,796
2027	946,683		—
Thereafter	3,798,554		—
Total lease payments	8,312,186		23,348
Less: interest	(2,397,690)		(3,205)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,914,496	$	20,143

Lease term and discount rate:


	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.0	9.9
Finance lease	3.3	4.5

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%	7.8%

Other Information:


	Years Ended December 31,		Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	202,844	$	100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense	$	2,248	$	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	9,691	$	5,839

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	18,467	$	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

Sublease income are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	143,192	$	—

Lessor

Lease income are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021
Lease income	Products and services	$	99,981	$	—
Interest income	Products and services	3,341		—
Total lease income		$	103,322	$	—

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue Benchmark \| 1 Customer
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	32.10%	32.10%
Revenue Benchmark \| Customer 2
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	12.40%	12.40%
Revenue Benchmark \| Top 5 Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	54.70%	44.00%
Accounts Receivable \| Top 5 Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	53.60%	56.00%
Accounts Receivable \| 3 Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	40.60%
Accounts Receivable \| 2 Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk		32.20%

Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]
Federal	$ 0	$ 0
State	800	1,000
Current income tax expense	800	1,000
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]
Federal	0	0
State	0	0
Deferred income tax expense	0	0
Income tax expense	$ 800	$ 1,000

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Investments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Investments (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 06, 2022	Oct. 31, 2019
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership				13.00%
Consulting services (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Switch EV
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership			5.00%
Equity method investments			$ 1,000,000

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Change in fair value of derivative liability
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Initial fair value
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(152,723)
Balance	359,225
Private Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance	866,000
Initial fair value
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(864,000)
Balance	2,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance	8,677,000
Initial fair value
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(8,677,000)
Balance	0
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance	2,664,346
Initial fair value
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(2,445,462)
Balance	$ 218,884

Income Taxes - Income Tax Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal income tax benefit at statutory federal tax rate	$ (5,160,372)	$ (15,669,426)
State income tax, net of federal benefit	(823,890)	(776,843)
Noncontrolling interest	113,157	449,037
Stock compensation	624,065	452,444
Change in fair value of warrants	(2,517,157)	65,604
162(m) excess compensation	0	237,247
Change in valuation allowance	7,666,631	9,413,411
Finance costs	54,802	5,643,259
Other	43,564	186,267
Income tax expense	$ 800	$ 1,000

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of milestone event

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:


Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of lease costs

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,305,881	$	3,483,042
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net	18,467		25,664
Total lease assets		$	5,324,348	$	3,508,706

Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	824,326	41,513
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,090,170		3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,184		7,634
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	12,959		18,860
Total lease liabilities		$	5,934,639	$	3,509,649

The components of lease expense are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021

Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	811,082	$	219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	5,594		2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	2,248		3,636
Total lease expense		$	818,924	$	226,346

Lease term and discount rate:


	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.0	9.9
Finance lease	3.3	4.5

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%	7.8%

Other Information:


	Years Ended December 31,		Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	202,844	$	100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense	$	2,248	$	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	9,691	$	5,839

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	18,467	$	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Schedule of lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2022
2023	$	860,418	$	7,184
2024	892,212		7,184
2025	893,046		7,184
2026	921,273		1,796
2027	946,683		—
Thereafter	3,798,554		—
Total lease payments	8,312,186		23,348
Less: interest	(2,397,690)		(3,205)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,914,496	$	20,143

Schedule of finance lease, liability, maturity


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2022
2023	$	860,418	$	7,184
2024	892,212		7,184
2025	893,046		7,184
2026	921,273		1,796
2027	946,683		—
Thereafter	3,798,554		—
Total lease payments	8,312,186		23,348
Less: interest	(2,397,690)		(3,205)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,914,496	$	20,143

Schedule of sublease income

Sublease income are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	143,192	$	—

Schedule of lease income

Lease income are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	Classification	2022		2021
Lease income	Products and services	$	99,981	$	—
Interest income	Products and services	3,341		—
Total lease income		$	103,322	$	—

Noncontrolling Interest - Schedule of Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the fair value of class D incentive Units (Details) - Class D Incentive Units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Expected life of options (in years)	5 years 6 months
Risk-free interest rate	3.02%
Volatility	69.50%

Noncontrolling Interest - Schedule of nonvested Class D Incentive Units (Details) - Class D Incentive Units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares) \| shares	0
Granted (in Shares) \| shares	250,000
Vested (in Shares) \| shares	0
Cancelled (in Shares) \| shares	0
Ending balance (in Shares) \| shares	250,000
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0
Granted (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	13.28
Vested (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Cancelled (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 13.28