0001213900-24-001647 | S-1 | XBRL Viewer

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Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity - Stock-Based Compensation [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
2010 Plan [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity [Line Items]
Shares, Outstanding Ending Balance	853,507	1,035,035
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Outstanding Ending Balance	$ 2.91	$ 3.21
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Outstanding Ending Balance	5 years 8 months 12 days	5 years 10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding Ending Balance		$ 5,688,501
Shares, Options Exercisable	797,393
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Options Exercisable	$ 2.57
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Options Exercisable	4 years 5 months 8 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Exercisable
Shares, Option Vested	797,393
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Option Vested	$ 2.57
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Option Vested	4 years 5 months 8 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Option Vested
Shares, Granted
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Granted
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Granted
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted
Shares, Exercised	(59,729)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Exercised	$ 2.09
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Exercised
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised
Shares, Forfeited	(61,289)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Forfeited	$ 7.84
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Forfeited
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited
Shares, Expired/Cancelled	(60,510)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Expired/Cancelled	$ 4.44
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Expired/Cancelled
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Expired/Cancelled
2020 Plan [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity [Line Items]
Shares, Outstanding Ending Balance	1,711,112	1,602,850
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Outstanding Ending Balance	$ 11.71	$ 13.18
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Outstanding Ending Balance	8 years 5 months 15 days	9 years 3 months 7 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding Ending Balance		$ 46,920
Shares, Options Exercisable
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Options Exercisable
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Options Exercisable
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Exercisable
Shares, Option Vested	609,022
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Option Vested	$ 13.38
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Option Vested	8 years 2 months 1 day
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Option Vested
Shares, Granted	352,400
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Granted	$ 4.36
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Granted
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted
Shares, Exercised
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Exercised
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Exercised
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised
Shares, Forfeited	(241,326)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Forfeited	$ 10.04
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Forfeited
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited
Shares, Expired/Cancelled	(2,812)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Expired/Cancelled	$ 8.25
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Expired/Cancelled
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Expired/Cancelled

Inventories

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventories [Line Items]

Inventories

Note 8 — Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
DC Chargers	$	6,181,368	$	9,248,398
AC Chargers		220,720		123,247
Vehicles – School Buses		—		1,620,000
Component parts		431,849		560,186
Total	$	6,833,937	$	11,551,831

Note 8 — Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
DC Chargers	$	9,248,398	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers		123,247		232,920
Vehicles – School Buses		1,620,000		3,180,000
Others		560,186		17,670
Total	$	11,551,831	$	11,118,188

Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes [Line Items]
United States	$ (22,719,272)	$ (74,262,131)
Foreign	(1,837,434)	(354,181)
Total income (loss) before income taxes	$ (24,556,706)	$ (74,616,312)

- Definition

Amount after tax of income (loss) from continuing operations including portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.

+ References

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+ Details

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 59,202,000
Federal net operating loss carryforwards	$ 3,070,000
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
Valuation allowance	$ 18,051,182	$ 10,384,550
Valuation allowance increase	7,666,632
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Income Taxes (Details) [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 28,125,000

Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)											1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 25, 2023	Oct. 20, 2023	Oct. 18, 2023	Jun. 06, 2023	Apr. 14, 2023	Feb. 17, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Jul. 27, 2022	May 05, 2022	Mar. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 06, 2022	May 17, 2021
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price								$ 14,000,000
Percentage of aggregate gross sales prices											6.00%
Average price (in Dollars per share)																	$ 50
Aggregate gross proceeds												$ 884,586	$ 3,763,494	$ 3,763,494
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)								$ 3.5
Issuance costs															$ 5,979,675
At The Market Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price							$ 25,000,000		$ 25,000,000
Percentage of aggregate gross sales prices							3.00%		3.00%
Legal counsel amount							$ 50,000
Sale of units (in Shares)												1,512,172		792,882
Average price (in Dollars per share)												$ 0.64		$ 4.97
Aggregate gross proceeds												$ 900,000		$ 3,800,000
Registered Direct Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of aggregate gross sales prices				6.00%	6.00%	6.00%
Aggregate gross proceeds				$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000	$ 500,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)				$ 0.4	$ 0.55	$ 0.92
Common Stock [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)								2,150,000
Common Stock [Member] \| Registered Direct Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)				2,492,530	1,818,181	543,478
Switch EV [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Investment interest										$ 1,300,000
Advanced subscription																$ 1,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| At The Market Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price							$ 25,000,000
Percentage of aggregate gross sales prices							3.00%
Legal counsel amount							$ 50,000
Sale of units (in Shares)							78,638
Average price (in Dollars per share)							$ 1.79
Aggregate gross proceeds			$ 1,000,000				$ 100,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Registered Direct Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of aggregate gross sales prices						3.00%
Aggregate gross proceeds						$ 500,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)						$ 0.92
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Over-Allotment Option [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)			1,071,429
Aggregate gross proceeds		$ 100,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)		$ 0.14
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Common Stock [Member] \| At The Market Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)			7,142,857
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)			$ 0.14
Issuance costs			$ 70,000
Underwriting discounts and commissions		$ 7,813
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Common Stock [Member] \| Registered Direct Offering [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)						543,478
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Common Stock [Member] \| Over-Allotment Option [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)		797,243
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Common Stock [Member] \| Pre-Funded Warrants [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)	13,772,940
Aggregate gross proceeds	$ 2,100,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.15
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)								3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Jul. 27, 2022 USD ($) shares	Apr. 26, 2021 $ / shares shares	Apr. 23, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 19, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 17, 2020 USD ($)	Nov. 11, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 19, 2020 shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 06, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2022	May 17, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit								$ (140,957,114)			$ (140,957,114)		$ (116,956,528)	$ (92,937,863)
Operating loss								(8,463,320)	$ (8,602,292)		(24,657,090)	$ (28,174,226)	(36,915,544)	(27,231,802)
Net cash used in operating activities											(6,200,232)	(28,184,088)	$ (34,081,975)	(29,190,718)
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares																				$ 50
Aggregate purchase amount	$ 14,000,000
Aggregate shares (in Shares) \| shares													1,303,610
Purchase agreement																				$ 12,600,000
Revenue amount														30,000,000
Repurchased shares (in Shares) \| shares		134,449				600,000
Common stock price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 10
Purchase price shares (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 14.87				$ 14.87
Trust account													$ 58,471,961
Redemption Of Ordinary Shares (in Shares) \| shares													18,630
Payment of transaction costs													$ 3,702,421
Repayment of loans														487,500
Escrow account amount													495,000
Cash													47,768,410
FDIC amount								250,000			250,000		250,000
Restricted cash								480,000			480,000		$ 480,000	380,000
Contractual terms													10 years						10 years
Cash								13,864,646			13,864,646		$ 15,753,896	32,360,520
Working capital								8,600,000			8,600,000
Stockholders’ equity								6,627,872	29,824,970	$ 23,453,923	6,627,872	29,824,970	$ 23,245,400	$ 27,012,445	$ 13,151,907	$ 17,384,371		$ 23,497,663			$ (881,710)
Warrant [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares						1,353,750	5,750,000
Common Stock [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares	2,150,000
Effect of reverse recapitalization (in Shares) \| shares													9,122,996	9,122,996
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares														208,532
Repurchase amount													$ 6,000,000
Stockholders’ equity								$ 3,251	$ 2,292	1,986	$ 3,251	$ 2,292	$ 2,427	$ 1,888	$ 3,126	$ 2,498		$ 1,891			$ 2,616
PIPE Warrants [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Payment of transaction costs				$ 14,247,500
Cash				$ 2,500
Stonepeak [Member] \| Levo Mobility LLC [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Stonepeak and Evolve 49% ownership								49.00%			49.00%		49.00%
Nuvve [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Amount of purchase			$ 2,000,000			$ 2,000,000				$ 2,000,000			$ 2,000,000
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares			134,499							134,499
Common stock price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 14.87							$ 14.87			$ 14.87
Newborn Acquisition Corp [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Repayment of loans													$ 487,500
IPO [Member] \| Newborn Acquisition Corp [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 10
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares													5,750,000
Private Placement [Member] \| Newborn Acquisition Corp [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares													272,500
Common stock price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 10
Trust account													$ 57,500,000
Public And Private Units [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Net proceeds													$ 57,989,380
Earn-out Shares [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Revenue amount														$ 30,000,000
Customer One [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk													32.10%	32.10%
Customer 2 [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk													12.40%	12.40%
Customer Five [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk								74.30%	81.90%		46.20%	63.70%	54.70%	44.00%
Customer Five [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk											78.00%		53.60%	56.00%
Three Customers [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk								62.20%	62.40%
Three Customers [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk											65.50%		40.60%
Customer Two [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk														32.20%
Two Customers [Member] \| Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Concentration risk											30.90%	51.10%
Switch EV [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Invested amount																	$ 1,000,000
Subscription Agreements [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Purchased shares (in Shares) \| shares						1,425,000
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 10
Aggregate purchase amount						$ 14,250,000
Newborn [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 10
Convertible instruments, conversion ratio				0.21240305
Total consideration													$ 100,000,000
Purchase agreement													$ 4,265,785
Newborn [Member] \| Earn-out Shares [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Receive amount (in Shares) \| shares														4,000,000
Common stock receive amount (in Shares) \| shares														4,000,000
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Contract Term													1 year
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Contract Term													12 years
EDF Renewables [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Ownership percentage						5.00%
6% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Aggregate purchase amount					$ 4,000,000
Convertible debenture percentage					6.00%
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] \| Levo Mobility LLC [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Variable interest entity											51.00%		51.00%
Cash								$ 27,225			$ 27,225		$ 27,629	$ 28,446
GIV [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Contract Term													1 year
GIV [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Contract Term													12 years

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Sublease Income - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Sublease lease income	$ 134,402	$ 64,750	$ 366,087	$ 84,875	$ 143,192

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Reconciliation - Redeemable Non Controlling Interests [Member] - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 3,547,765	$ 2,901,899
Preferred share Accretion adjustment	484,398	645,866	261,505
Ending balance	$ 4,032,163	$ 3,547,765	$ 2,901,899

Leases (Details)		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Leases (Details)	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) m²	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 22, 2022 m²	Apr. 22, 2022 m²	Feb. 28, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 02, 2021 m²	May 16, 2021 USD ($) m²
Leases (Details) [Line Items]
Lease term			10 years				10 years
Net rentable area (in Square Meters) \| m²					10,000	4,811
Operating lease, fixed percent increase in rental payment			3.00%
Letter of credit outstanding			$ 100,000
Net area subleased (in Square Meters) \| m²	4,811								4,811
Operating lease expense			5,625
Rental income		$ 2,250	14,500
Lease investment			97,054
Investment in leases			97,054	$ 114,865
Interest receivable			$ 31,227	$ 53,951
Minimum [Member]
Leases (Details) [Line Items]
Sublease term	6 years
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 2,250
Maximum [Member]
Leases (Details) [Line Items]
Sublease term	12 years
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 14,500
Main Office Lease [Member]
Leases (Details) [Line Items]
Lease term										10 years
Net rentable area (in Square Meters) \| m²										10,250
Operating lease, fixed percent increase in rental payment										3.00%
Letter of credit outstanding										$ 380,000

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	4,959,255		5,305,881
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net		14,001		18,467
Total lease assets		$	4,973,256	$	5,324,348

Operating lease liabilities – current	Operating lease liabilities – current	$	859,820		824,326
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent		4,746,575		5,090,170
Finance lease liabilities – current	Other liabilities		7,081		7,184
Finance lease liabilities – noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities		8,821		12,959
Total lease liabilities		$	5,622,297	$	5,934,639

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,305,881	$	3,483,042
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net		18,467		25,664
Total lease assets		$	5,324,348	$	3,508,706

Operating lease liabilities – current	Operating lease liabilities – current	$	824,326		41,513
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent		5,090,170		3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities – current	Other liabilities – current		7,184		7,634
Finance lease liabilities – noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities		12,959		18,860
Total lease liabilities		$	5,934,639	$	3,509,649

	Classification	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	811,082	$	219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative		5,594		2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense		2,248		3,636
Total lease expense		$	818,924	$	226,346

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.0		9.9
Finance lease	3.3		4.5

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8	%	7.8	%
Finance lease	7.8	%	7.8	%

	Years Ended December 31, 2022		Years Ended December 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	202,844	$	100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense	$	2,248	$	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	9,691	$	5,839

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	18,467	$	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
2023	$	212,650		$	1,770
2024		892,212			7,080
2025		893,046			7,081
2026		921,273			1,770
2027		946,683			—
Thereafter		3,798,553			—
Total lease payments		7,664,417			17,701
Less: interest		(2,058,022	)		(1,799	)
Total lease obligations	$	5,606,395		$	15,902

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2022
2023	$	860,418		$	7,184
2024		892,212			7,184
2025		893,046			7,184
2026		921,273			1,796
2027		946,683			—
Thereafter		3,798,554			—
Total lease payments		8,312,186			23,348
Less: interest		(2,397,690	)		(3,205	)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,914,496		$	20,143

Schedule of Sublease Income

Sublease income are as follows:

		Classification		Year Ended December 31, 2022			Year Ended December 31, 2021
Sublease lease income		Other, net		$	143,192		$	—

Schedule of Lease Income

Lease income are as follows:

	Classification	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021
Lease income	Products and services	$	99,981	$	—
Interest income	Products and services		3,341		—
Total lease income		$	103,322	$	—

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Classification	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	228,633	$	241,852	$	685,900	$	582,449
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative		1,414		1,413		4,242		8,804
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest income, net		424		553		1,373		1,791
Total lease expense		$	230,471	$	243,818	$	691,515	$	593,044

Schedule of Lease Term and Discount Rate

Lease term and discount rate:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	8.0		9.0
Finance lease	2.5		3.3

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8	%	7.8	%
Finance lease	7.8	%	7.8	%

Schedule of Other Information

Other Information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows – operating leases	$	355,133	$	111,391
Operating cash flows – finance leases	$	8,507	$	1,791
Financing cash flows – finance leases	$	5,375	$	7,396

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	14,001	$	18,187
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Schedule of lease income

Sublease income are as follows:

		Classification		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023			Three Months Ended September 30, 2022			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Sublease lease income		Other, net		$	134,402		$	64,750		$	366,087		$	84,875

Schedule of lease income

Lease income are as follows:

	Classification	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Lease income	Products and services	$	—	$	—	$	24,027	$	—
Interest income	Products and services		3,797				10,228		—
Total lease income		$	3,797	$	—	$	34,255	$	—

Investments (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Investments (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 06, 2022
Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership						13.00%
Consulting services		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Gains from sale of investments in equity securities				$ 325,155
Switch EV [Member]
Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership								5.00%
Equity method investments								$ 1,000,000
Final valuations								5.00%
Proceeds from sale of investments in equity securities	$ 1,300,000
Gains from sale of investments in equity securities	$ (300,000)
Dreev [Member]
Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership		13.00%		13.00%
Consulting services		$ 43,399		$ 43,399

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Stock-Based Compensation [Line Items]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 12 — Stock Option Plan

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In November 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the term of the 2010 Plan to July 1, 2021. In 2021, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, incentive and non-statutory stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In June 2023, the 2020 Plan was amended, as approved by shareholders, to increase the common shares reserved for issuance under the plan by 4,000,000 shares. As of September 30, 2023, there is an aggregate of 7,300,000 common shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. All options granted to date have a ten year contractual life and vesting terms of four years. In general, vested options expire if not exercised 90 days after termination of service. A total of 2,681,697 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan as of November 2, 2023. Forfeitures are accounted for as it occurs.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023			2022
Options	$	663,369	$	633,883	$	2,014,240		$	1,959,648
Restricted stock		423,928		377,790		1,409,735			2,178,883
Stock options – modified options		9,721		16,791		33,971			55,307
Profit interest units		31,226		152,315		(260,475	)		293,165
Total	$	1,128,244	$	1,180,779	$	3,197,471		$	4,487,003

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	853,507		2.91	5.70	—
Granted	—		—	—	—
Exercised	—		—	—	—
Forfeited	(8,409	)	6.97	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(80,533	)	5.34	—	—
Outstanding – September 30, 2023	764,565		2.58	3.77	—
Options Exercisable at September 30, 2023	752,436		2.49	3.72	—
Option Vested at September 30, 2023	752,436		2.49	3.72	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was zero.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	1,711,112		11.71	8.46	—
Granted	115,800		0.57	—	—
Exercised	—		—	—	—
Forfeited	(37,077	)	7.07	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(19,792	)	9.05	—	—
Outstanding – September 30, 2023	1,770,043		11.11	7.81	—
Options Exercisable at September 30, 2023	913,084		12.91	7.50	—
Option Vested at September 30, 2023	913,084		11.11	7.50	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.57.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 1,640,000 options were modified to lower the exercise price by $0.60 per share, which resulted in $246,000 of incremental compensation cost to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $9,721 and $33,971, respectively. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, was $16,791 and $55,307, respectively.

Other Information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Amount received from option exercised	$	—	$	209,280

		September 30, 2023			Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs		$	3,966,817		1.63

No amounts relating to the Plan have been capitalized. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the options.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2022, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	436,259		6.43
Granted(1)	2,902,684		0.56
Vested/Release	(2,866,653	)	1.10
Cancelled/Forfeited	(57,832	)	4.61
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2023	414,458		2.48

(1) Includes 2,184,176 shares awarded for the 2022 employee annual bonus with fair value of $1,215,957 issued during the second quarter ended September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, there was $631,929 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 0.84 years.

Note 12 — Stock-Based Compensation

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In November 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the term of the 2010 Plan to July 1, 2021. In 2021, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, incentive and non-statutory stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. As of December 31, 2022, there is an aggregate of 3,300,000 common shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. All options granted to date have a ten year contractual life and vesting terms of four years. In general, vested options expire if not exercised at termination of service. As of December 31, 2022, a total of 714,529 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Options	$	2,634,486	$	2,643,242
Restricted stock		2,395,580		1,514,120
Total	$	5,030,066	$	4,157,362

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 the 2020 Plan.

	2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years)(1)	6.1
Dividend yield(2)	0	%
Risk-free interest rate(3)	2.75	%
Volatility(4)	56.2	%

____________

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(2) No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.

(3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(4) Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to the Reverse Recapitalization, for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2021	1,035,035		3.21	5.90	5,688,501
Granted	—		—	—	—
Exercised	(59,729	)	2.09	—	—
Forfeited	(61,289	)	7.84	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(60,510	)	4.44	—	—
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	853,507		2.91	5.70	—
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	797,393		2.57	4.44	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	797,393		2.57	4.44	—

There were no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2021	1,602,850		13.18		9.27	46,920
Granted	352,400		4.36	$	—	—
Exercised	—		—		—	—
Forfeited	(241,326	)	10.04		—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(2,812	)	8.25		—	—
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	1,711,112		11.71		8.46	—
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—		—		—	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	609,022		13.38		8.17	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.35.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 1,640,000 options were modified to lower the exercise price by $0.60 per share, which will result in $246,000 of incremental compensation cost to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The amount of additional compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, was $68,049 and $62,449, respectively.

Other Information:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	245,748	$	576,528

		December 31, 2022			Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs		$	6,195,461		2.55

No amounts relating to the 2010 Plan or 2020 Plan have been capitalized.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817		11.00
Granted	503,390		3.07
Vested/Release	(398,492	)	6.12
Cancelled/Forfeited	(22,456	)	8.72
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	436,259		6.43

As of December 31, 2022, there was $1,830,932 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 1.04 years.

Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) [Line Items]
Equity investment	$ (489,911)	$ (576,523)
Accrued liabilities and other	1,118,256	1,007,644
Right-of-use assets	(1,246,870)	(845,240)
Lease liabilities	1,389,893	845,240
Research and experimental expenditures	1,507,144
Net operating losses	15,772,670	9,953,429
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance	18,051,182	10,384,550
Valuation allowance	(18,051,182)	(10,384,550)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding	3,138	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued	3,138	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, liquidation preference (in Dollars)	$ 3,676,668	$ 3,464,606	$ 3,200,760
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0	0
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000	30,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	32,505,010	24,272,150	18,861,130
Common stock, shares issued	32,505,010	24,272,150	18,861,130
Class D Incentive units
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding	50,000	250,000
Temporary equity, shares issued	50,000	250,000

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Total revenue	$ 2,712,572	$ 553,687	$ 6,687,485	$ 4,226,447	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Operating expenses
Cost of product and service revenue					4,196,788	2,002,197
Cost of products	2,314,854	215,068	5,037,756	3,114,573
Cost of services	86,371	61,417	775,489	338,820
Selling, general, and administrative	6,481,759	7,163,673	18,751,119	22,925,745	30,115,571	22,896,125
Research and development	2,292,908	1,715,821	6,780,211	6,021,535	7,976,568	6,524,245
Total operating expenses	11,175,892	9,155,979	31,344,575	32,400,673	42,288,927	31,422,567
Operating loss	(8,463,320)	(8,602,292)	(24,657,090)	(28,174,226)	(36,915,544)	(27,231,802)
Other income (expense)
Interest income (expense), net	16,213	39,150	105,194	47,553	134,579	(585,157)
Financing costs						(46,754,794)
Change in fair value of warrants liability	214,573	1,852,700	144,609	11,213,700	11,986,462	(312,400)
Change in fair value of derivative liability	67,366	(40,245)	73,585	(19,309)	152,723	(14,342)
Other, net	(168,177)	89,222	356,155	81,455	85,074	282,183
Total other income (expense), net	129,975	1,940,827	679,543	11,323,399	12,358,838	(47,384,510)
Loss before taxes	(8,333,345)	(6,661,465)	(23,977,547)	(16,850,827)	(24,556,706)	(74,616,312)
Income tax expense					800	1,000
Net loss	(8,333,345)	(6,661,465)	(23,977,547)	(16,850,827)	(24,557,506)	(74,617,312)
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	8,285	(168,985)	23,039	(459,863)	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(8,341,630)	(6,492,480)	(24,000,586)	(16,390,964)	(24,018,665)	(72,479,040)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	72,092	66,601	212,062	195,912	263,846	101,856
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	161,466	161,466	484,398	484,398	645,866	261,505
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (8,575,188)	$ (6,720,547)	$ (24,697,046)	$ (17,071,274)	$ (24,928,377)	$ (72,842,401)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic and diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.27)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.88)	$ (0.85)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic and diluted (in Shares)	32,191,013	21,952,882	28,172,399	19,972,016	20,971,896	16,654,495
Products and services
Total revenue					$ 4,913,956	$ 2,920,627
Grants
Total revenue	$ 73,563	$ 65,869	$ 219,082	$ 416,816	$ 459,427	$ 1,270,138
Products
Total revenue	1,772,532	280,184	4,748,141	3,333,825
Services
Total revenue	$ 866,477	$ 207,634	$ 1,720,262	$ 475,806

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Stock Options - Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Options [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 663,369	$ 633,883	$ 2,014,240	$ 1,959,648	$ 2,634,486	$ 2,643,242
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 423,928	$ 377,790	$ 1,409,735	$ 2,178,883	2,395,580	1,514,120
Total [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense					$ 5,030,066	$ 4,157,362

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock [Line Items]

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

Note 5 — Derivative Liability — Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. Separation of the redemption features as a derivative liability is required because its economic characteristics and risks are considered more akin to a debt instrument, and therefore, not considered to be clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the redeemable preferred stock. The economic characteristics of the redemption features are considered more akin to a debt instrument because the minimum redemption value could be greater than the face amount, the redemption features are contingently exercisable, and the shares carry a fixed mandatory dividend.

Accordingly, the Company has recorded an embedded derivative liability representing the estimated fair value of the right of the holders to exercise their redemption option upon the occurrence of a redemption event. The embedded derivative liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end with changes in fair value recorded in the “Change in fair value of derivative liability” financial statement line item of the company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock, see Note 18.

The following table displays the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item:

		September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		$	285,640		$	359,225

Note 5 — Derivative Liability — Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock of Levo is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. Separation of the redemption features as a derivative liability is required because its economic characteristics and risks of the redemption features are considered more akin to a debt instrument, and therefore, not considered to be clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the redeemable preferred stock host instrument. The economic characteristics of the redemption features are considered more akin to debt instrument because the minimum redemption value could be greater than the face amount of the preferred stock, the redemption features are contingently exercisable, and the preferred stock carry a fixed mandatory dividend.

Accordingly, the Company has recorded an embedded derivative liability representing the estimated fair value of the right of the holders to exercise their redemption option upon the occurrence of a redemption event. The embedded derivative liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end with changes in fair value recorded in the “Change in fair value of derivative liability” financial statement line item of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock, see Note 18.

The following table displays the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	359,225	$	511,948

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Assets
Cash	$ 13,864,646	$ 15,753,896	$ 32,360,520
Restricted cash	480,000	480,000	380,000
Accounts receivable, net	2,669,269	1,121,694	1,886,708
Inventories	6,833,937	11,551,831	11,118,188
Prepaid expenses	1,061,770	1,487,582
Other current assets	1,567,143	1,454,563
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,942,145	1,036,645
Total current assets	26,476,765	31,849,566	46,782,061
Property and equipment, net	686,977	636,944	356,194
Intangible assets, net	1,237,062	1,341,640	1,481,077
Investment in equity securities	670,951	1,670,951	670,951
Investment in leases	114,865	97,054
Right-of-use operating lease assets	4,959,255	5,305,881	3,483,042
Financing receivables	288,872	288,872	138,161
Security deposit, long-term	29,649	8,682	3,057
Total assets	34,464,396	41,199,590	52,914,543
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	1,684,764	2,390,422	5,738,873
Due to customers	9,830,000
Accrued expenses	3,598,525	3,347,399	2,874,018
Deferred revenue	1,116,511	1,221,497	719,771
Operating lease liabilities – current	859,820	824,326	41,513
Other liabilities	803,091	113,844	110,574
Total current liabilities	17,892,711	7,897,488	9,484,749
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	4,746,575	5,090,170	3,441,642
Warrants liability	76,275	220,884	9,543,000
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	285,640	359,225	511,948
Other long-term liabilities	618,156	393,179	18,860
Total liabilities	23,619,357	13,960,946	23,000,199
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Redeemable non-controlling interests, preferred shares, zero par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 3,138 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; aggregate liquidation preference of $3,676,668 and $3,464,606 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	4,032,163	3,547,765	2,901,899
Class D Incentive units, zero par value, 1,000,000 units authorized; 50,000 and 250,000 units issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	185,004	445,479
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 32,505,010 and 24,272,150 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	3,251	2,427	1,888
Additional paid-in capital	152,100,803	144,073,505	122,336,607
Accumulated other comprehensive income	104,539	76,182	113,446
Accumulated deficit	(140,957,114)	(116,956,528)	(92,937,863)
Nuvve Holding Corp. Stockholders’ Equity	11,251,479	27,195,586	29,514,078
Non-controlling interests	(4,623,607)	(3,950,186)	(2,501,633)
Total stockholders’ equity	6,627,872	23,245,400	27,012,445
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 34,464,396	41,199,590	52,914,543
Class D Incentive units
Stockholders’ equity
Class D Incentive units, zero par value, 1,000,000 units authorized; 50,000 and 250,000 units issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		$ 445,479

Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) [Line Items]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying (i) unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (ii) unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the

Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2023 or any future period.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $141.0 million as of September 30, 2023. Nuvve incurred operating losses of approximately $24.7 million as of the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $36.9 million and $27.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Nuvve cash used in operations were $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $34.1 million and $29.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, Nuvve had a cash balance, working capital, and stockholders’ equity of $13.9 million, $8.6 million and $6.6 million, respectively. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company’s Grid Integrated Vehicle (“GIVe”) platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

Management plans to fund current operations through increased revenues and if required cash saving measures and or raising additional capital. Management’s expectations with respect to the Company’s ability to fund current planned operations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. There is an inherent risk that the Company may not achieve such financial projections and if so, cash outflows could be higher than currently anticipated. Should this occur, management plans to implement cash saving measures during this time period, including reductions in discretionary expenses related to consultants, travel, personnel, and personnel-related costs. If necessary, management believes it can raise additional capital through its at-the-market offering agreement. However, as such plans are not solely within management’s control management cannot conclude as of the date of this filing that the plans are probable of being successfully implemented and as such has concluded that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the date of issuance of our financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

The Business Combination between Newborn, a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (“SPAC”), the Company, prior to the Business Combination a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, and Nuvve Corp., prior to the Business Combination a privately held operating company, pursuant to which the Company acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corp. (see Business Combination below) was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP (the “Reverse Recapitalization”). Under this method of accounting, Newborn was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Nuvve Corp. issuing stock for the net assets of Newborn, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets recorded from Newborn are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations prior to the Reverse Recapitalization are those of Nuvve Corp. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders prior to the Business Combination have been retroactively restated to reflect the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination.

In accordance with the related Going Concern accounting standards, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $117.0 million and $92.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company incurred an operating loss of $36.9 million and $27.2 million, respectively, and used $34.1 million and $29.2 million, respectively, of cash in operations. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company’s GIVe platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve, in which the Company owns 51% of Levo’s common units. The Company has determined that Levo is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Levo and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by Stonepeak and Evolve.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in “Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and “Non-controlling interests” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	27,225	$	27,629
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,874		59,794
Total Assets	$	29,099	$	87,423

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	13,680	$	8,165
Accrued expenses and dividend payable		538,667		336,713
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		285,640		359,225
Total Liabilities	$	837,987	$	704,103

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors at risk lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in “Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests” in the consolidated statements of operations and “Non-controlling interests” in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$	27,629	$	28,446
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		59,794		—
Total Assets	$	87,423	$	28,446

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	8,165	$	—
Accrued expenses and dividend payable		336,713	$	116,754
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		359,225		511,948
Total Liabilities	$	704,103	$	628,702

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest — Mezzanine Equity

Redeemable non-controlling interest represents the shares of the preferred stock issued by Levo to Stonepeak and Evolve (the “preferred shareholders”), who own 49% of Levo common units. The preferred stock is not mandatorily redeemable or currently redeemable, but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo, the preferred shareholders or a triggering event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. As a result of the contingent put right available to the preferred shareholders, the redeemable non-controlling interests in Levo are classified as mezzanine equity in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The initial carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the initial proceeds received on issuance date, reduced by the fair value of embedded derivatives resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value. The adjusted initial carrying value is further adjusted for the accretion of the difference with the redemption price value using the effective interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details.

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest — Mezzanine Equity

interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details.

Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the consolidated statements of operations.

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

In April 2022, Levo issued Class D Incentive Units to certain key employees in the form of profits interests within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Service (“Profits Interests”). Any future distributions under the Profits Interests will only occur once distributions made to all other member units exceed a threshold amount. The Company performed an analysis of the key features of the Profits Interests to determine whether the nature of the Profits Interests are (a) an equity award which should be accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation or (b) a bonus arrangement which should be accounted for under ASC 710, Compensation — General. Based on the features of the Profits Interests, the awards are considered stock compensation to be accounted for as equity. Accordingly, compensation expense for the Profits Interests will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards.

Business Combination

The Company is party to a merger agreement (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of November 11, 2020 and amended as of February 20, 2021, by and among Newborn, a Cayman Islands company, the Company, a Delaware corporation and prior to the Business Combination a wholly owned subsidiary of Newborn, Nuvve Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and prior to the Business Combination a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Nuvve Corp., a Delaware corporation, and Ted Smith, an individual, as the representative of the stockholders of Nuvve Corp.

On March 16, 2021, Newborn held an extraordinary general meeting of its shareholders, at which Newborn’s shareholders approved the Business Combination, along with certain other related proposals.

On March 19, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), the parties consummated the Business Combination. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Business Combination was effected in two steps: (i) Newborn reincorporated to the State of Delaware by merging with and into the Company, with the Company surviving as the publicly-traded entity (the “Reincorporation Merger”); and (ii) immediately after the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into Nuvve, with Nuvve surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Acquisition Merger”).

Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Reincorporation Merger and the Acquisition Merger, the Company filed its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company changed its name to “Nuvve Holding Corp.” and adopted certain other changes that the Company’s Board of Directors deemed appropriate for an operating public company.

In connection with the entry into the Merger Agreement, on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain accredited Private Investment in Public Equity investors (the “PIPE Investors”), under which, immediately before the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE Investors purchased 1,425,000 ordinary shares of Newborn, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 in a private placement (the “PIPE”). The PIPE Investors also received warrants to purchase 1,353,750 ordinary shares of Newborn (the “PIPE Warrants”) that were identical to Newborn’s other outstanding warrants.

Also, on November 11, 2020, Nuvve Corp. entered into a bridge loan agreement with an accredited investor, under which, on November 17, 2020, the investor purchased a $4,000,000 6% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture from Nuvve Corp. (the “Bridge Loan”), which automatically converted into shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock immediately before the closing of the Business Combination.

Upon the closing of the Reincorporation Merger, each of Newborn’s outstanding units was automatically separated into its constituent securities, and Newborn’s outstanding securities (including the Newborn ordinary shares and Newborn warrants purchased by the PIPE Investors) were converted into a like number of equivalent securities of the Company, except that each of Newborn’s rights was converted automatically into one-tenth of one share of the Company’s common stock in accordance with its terms.

Upon the closing of the Acquisition Merger, each share of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Acquisition Merger (including the shares issued upon conversion of Nuvve Corp.’s preferred stock and upon conversion of the Bridge Loan as described above) automatically was converted into approximately 0.212403050 shares (the “Closing Exchange Ratio”) of the Company’s common stock, for an aggregate of 9,122,996 shares of the Company’s common stock. Each outstanding option to purchase Nuvve Corp.’s common stock (“Nuvve Options”) was assumed by the Company and converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock subject to such option immediately prior to the effective time multiplied by the Closing Exchange Ratio, for an aggregate of 1,303,610 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price equal to the exercise price immediately prior to the effective time divided by the Closing Exchange Ratio.

The Closing Exchange Ratio was determined by taking (i) a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to (A) the Closing Merger Consideration (as defined below), divided by (B) $10.00 per share, and dividing it by (ii) the sum of (x) the total number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock outstanding as of immediately prior to closing (including the shares issued upon conversion of Nuvve Corp.’s preferred stock, but excluding the shares issued upon conversion of the Bridge Loan) and (y) the total number of shares of Nuvve Corp.’s common stock issuable upon exercise of Nuvve Options outstanding immediately prior to the closing. The “Closing Merger Consideration” was determined by taking $100,000,000, subtracting the amount of Nuvve Corp.’s indebtedness for borrowed money as of the closing of the Acquisition Merger (excluding Payroll Protection Program loans eligible for forgiveness), which was zero, and adding the aggregate exercise price of the Nuvve Options outstanding as of the date of the Merger Agreement or granted prior to the closing of the Acquisition Merger, which was $4,265,785.

Additionally, the former stockholders of Nuvve Corp. would have been entitled to receive up to 4.0 million earn-out shares of the Company’s common stock if, for the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s revenue equaled or exceeded $30,000,000. The former Nuvve Corp. stockholders would have been entitled to a portion of the earn-out shares only if they continued to hold their shares of the Company’s common stock received in the Acquisition Merger through the earn-out payment date. As the Company’s target revenue of $30,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021 was not met, the former stockholders of Nuvve Corp. were not entitled to receive up to the 4.0 million earn-out shares of the Company’s common stock.

Pursuant to a purchase and option agreement, dated as of November 11, 2020 (the “Purchase and Option Agreement”), between the Company and EDF Renewables, Inc. (“EDF Renewables”), a former stockholder of Nuvve Corp. and the owner of more than 5% of the Company’s common stock, immediately after the closing, the Company repurchased 600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from EDF Renewables at a price of $10.00 per share. In addition, on the Closing Date, EDF Renewables exercised its option to sell an additional $2,000,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock back to the Company at a price per share of $14.87 (the average closing price over the five preceding trading days). The share repurchase was completed on April 26, 2021 (see Note 11).

Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer had fulfilled their obligations and had purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000.

As agreed between the parties to the Merger Agreement, immediately following the closing of the Acquisition Merger, the Company’s board of directors consisted of seven directors. A majority of the directors qualified as independent directors under rules of Nasdaq.

In Newborn’s initial public offering, Newborn issued 5,750,000 units at $10.00 per unit. Each unit issued in the initial public offering consisted of one ordinary share, one warrant to purchase one-half of an ordinary share (the “Public Warrant”), and one right automatically convertible into one-tenth of an ordinary shares upon completion of an initial business combination. Concurrently with the initial public offering, Newborn sold to its sponsor 272,500 units at $10.00 per unit in a private placement. Each unit in the private placement consisted of one ordinary share, one warrant to purchase one-half of an ordinary share (the “Private Warrant”), and one right automatically convertible into one-tenth of an ordinary share upon completion of an initial business combination. Newborn received net proceeds of approximately $57,989,380 from the public and private units. Upon closing of the initial public offering and the private placement, $57,500,000 was placed by Newborn in a trust account with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee (the “Trust Account”). On the Closing Date of the Business Combination, the balance in the Trust Account was $58,471,961. After the closing of the Business Combination, and other transactions described above, including payment of $18,630 for redemptions of ordinary shares by Newborn stockholders, payment of transaction costs of $3,702,421, repayment of loans made by Newborn’s sponsor to Newborn of $487,500, repurchase of $6,000,000 in common shares held by EDF Renewables, and transfer into an escrow account with Silicon Valley Bank of $495,000 to cover the balance of the Company’s PPP Loan payable, the Company received total net proceeds from the Trust Account in cash of $47,768,410.

Also on March 19, 2021, the PIPE closed, and the Company received cash proceeds, net of $2,500 of transaction costs, of $14,247,500.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay complying with new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

COVID-19

The on-going impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) continues to negatively impact the global economy, although to a lesser extent than in prior years. However, the Company continues to monitor COVID-19 closely but, at this time, is unable to predict how COVID-19 will impact its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition in 2023. In addition to any direct impact on the Company’s business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing its financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the on-going COVID-19 conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, lease incremental borrowing rate, derivative liability associated with redeemable preferred shares, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Use of Estimates

reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, lease incremental borrowing rate, derivative liability associated with redeemable preferred shares, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Warrants

The Company reviews the terms of warrants to purchase its common stock to determine whether warrants should be classified as liabilities or stockholders’ equity in its consolidated balance sheet. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ equity, the warrant must be (a) indexed to the Company’s equity and (b) meet the conditions for equity classification in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. If a warrant does not meet the conditions for equity classification, it is carried on the consolidated balance sheet as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in the statement of operations as change in fair value of warrants in other income (expense). If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.

Foreign Currency Matters

For Nuvve Corp., Nuvve SaS, and Nuvve LTD, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. All local foreign currency asset and liability amounts are remeasured into U.S. dollars at balance sheet date exchange rates, except for inventories, prepaid expenses, and property, plant, and equipment, which are remeasured at historical rates. Foreign currency revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during the year, except for expenses related to balance sheet amounts which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary, Nuvve Denmark, are measured using the subsidiary’s local currency as the functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of Nuvve Denmark into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses for the subsidiary are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area. In connection with a new office lease agreement, the Company was required to provide an irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit to the landlord upon execution of the lease. The amount securing the letter of credit was recorded as restricted cash as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $480,000.

Cash and Restricted Cash

In connection with a new office lease agreement, the Company was required to provide irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit to the landlord upon execution of the lease. The total amount securing the letter of credit and recorded as restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $480,000 and $380,000, respectively.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist primarily of payments due from customers under the Company’s contracts with customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers to assess the probability of accounts receivable collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction experience with the customer, assessment of their

credit history, and review of the invoicing terms of the contract. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses on customer accounts when deemed necessary. Based on the analysis, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 7 for details.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 three and two customers accounted for 62.2% and 30.9% of revenue, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 three and two customers accounted for 62.4% and 51.1% of revenue, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company’s top five customers accounted for approximately 74.3% and 46.2%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s top five customers accounted for approximately 81.9% and 63.7%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At September 30, 2023, three customers accounted for 65.5% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2022, three customers accounted for 40.6% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 78.0% and 53.6% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all probable bad debt losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 32.1%, and one customer accounted for 12.4% of total revenue, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s top five customers accounted for approximately 54.7% and 44.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At December 31, 2022, three customers in aggregate accounted for 40.6% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 53.6% and 56.0% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all potential credit losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventories

Inventories, consisting primarily of DC chargers, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company values its inventories using the first-in, first-out method. Cost includes purchased products. Net realizable value is based on current selling prices less costs of disposal. At December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s inventories consisted solely of finished goods, including school buses, added as of December 31, 2022, which the Company expect to lease or sell in the future. Should demand for the Company’s products prove to be significantly less than anticipated, the ultimate realizable value of the Company’s inventories could be substantially less than the amount shown on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective asset. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while betterments are capitalized. Upon sale or disposition of assets, any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statement of operations.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of patents which are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method. No significant residual value is estimated for intangible assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment, including evaluating the useful lives for amortizing intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) from the use of an asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value. There were no such write-downs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in equity securities of nonpublic entities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair values on a regular basis to determine if the investment is impaired. For purposes of this assessment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, earnings and revenue outlook, liquidity, and management ownership, among other factors, in its review. If management’s assessment indicates that an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the equity investment and recognizes in current earnings an impairment loss that is equal to the difference between the fair value of the equity investment and its carrying amount.

In February 2019, the Company invested in common shares of Dreev SaS, (“Dreev”). Dreev is a nonpublic entity, for which there is no readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company’s investment in Dreev was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the year ended December 31, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021.

In June 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd (“Switch”), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom through an advance subscription agreement for a future equity ownership. Since Switch is a nonpublic entity, there is no readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s investment in Switch was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment.

Employee Savings Plan

The Company maintains a savings plan on behalf of its employees that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participating employees may contribute up to the statutory limits. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not contribute to the savings plan.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and warrants. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company also considers counterparty risk and its own credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized based on a three-level hierarchy. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are defined as follows:

• Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 — Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or market corroborated inputs.

• Level 3 — Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would value the assets or liabilities.

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The Company’s basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

The computation of net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by deducting net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests, preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interest, and accretion on preferred shares on redeemable non-controlling interest from the consolidated net earnings or loss (Note 14).

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the way that depicts the transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for credits and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from sales of EV charging stations, fees for cloud computing services related to providing access to the Company’s GIVe platform, and fees for extended warranty and maintenance services. The Company also has performed certain software development services and received government grants. GIVe platform access is considered a monthly series comprised of one performance obligation and fees are recognized as revenue in the period the services are provided to and consumed by the customer. The transaction price for each contract is allocated between the identified performance obligations based on relative estimated standalone selling prices.

The Company occasionally enters into contracts with customers in which EV charging stations are sold at a discount in exchange for a higher percentage of revenue share from the customer selling energy through the GIVe platform or from carbon credits. Due to the long-term nature of these payment terms, certain contracts are considered to have significant financing components as it relates to the equipment. The Company estimates the effect of any significant financing component and records the revenue associated with the EV charging stations at the estimated present value of the expected stream of payments. As payments are received, the difference between the total payment and the amortized value of the receivable is recorded to interest income in Other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations using the effective yield method.

Products — The Company sells EV charging stations either on a standalone basis or together with services such as access to the GIVe platform, extended warranty and maintenance services. When the sale of charging station is a distinct performance obligation, revenue is recognized upon delivery. For other customer contracts, the charging stations are sold as part of a solution and are not distinct from the services, and revenue from the charging station is recognized upon completion of installation and commissioning of the equipment.

Services — Specific contracts contain licenses to the software that provides the V2G functionality for one- to twelve-year contract periods through access to the Company’s software as a service GIVe platform application. The Company determined that the nature of the GIVe application performance obligation is providing continuous access to its GIVe application for the contract period. Although the activities that the customer may be able to perform via the GIVe application may vary from day to day, the overall promise is to provide continuous access to the GIVe application to the customer for a period of one- to twelve years. Thus, access to the GIVe application represents a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and the Company has determined that for GIVe SaaS revenue, the best indicator for the transfer of control is the passage of time. The payment terms for some of the Company’s service contracts include revenue sharing arrangements whereby the Company is entitled to the right to receive a portion of the revenue generated by the customer selling energy through the GIVe platform or from carbon credits received as a result of the customer using the GIVe platform. Revenue is recognized as it is received.

The Company has entered into various agreements for research and development and software development services. The terms of these arrangements typically include terms whereby the Company receives milestone payments in accordance with the scope of services outlined in the respective agreement or is reimbursed for allowable costs. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether a significant reversal of cumulative revenue associated with achieving the milestones is probable and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. The Company applies judgment in evaluating factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial, and other risks that must be overcome to achieve a particular milestone in making this assessment. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revenue arising from reimbursed allowable costs are recognized as the costs are submitted and approved by the applicable agency.

The Company occasionally sells extended warranty contracts on the charging stations, which includes maintenance of the equipment for a period (e.g., three years, five years, 10 years, 12 years). The warranty provides the customer with assurance that the product will function as intended for the period of the contract and maintenance services related to the equipment. Since the warranty provides a customer with a service in addition to the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications, the promised service is a performance obligation. Access to the warranty services represent a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, and the Company recognizes warranty revenue ratably with the passage of time.

Revenue for certain service contracts, such as third party installation, is recognized over time using an input method where progress on the performance obligation is measured based on the proportional actual costs incurred to date relative to the total costs expected to be required to satisfy the performance obligation.

Bill-and-hold arrangements — The Company occasionally enters into bill and hold arrangements in which some customers request that billed products that are ready for delivery be held at the Company’s warehouse facility for them until shipment at a later date. In this instance, revenue is recognized when; 1) the risks of ownership, including title, have passed to the customer, 2) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer, 3) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer, and 4) the Company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer.

Grant revenue — The Company has concluded that grants are not within the scope of ASC 606, as government entities do not meet the definition of a “customer” as defined by ASC 606, and as for the grants, there is not considered to be a transfer of control of goods or services to the government entity funding the grant. Additionally, the Company has concluded these government grants meet the definition of a contribution and are non-reciprocal transactions; however, ASC Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit-Entities-Revenue Recognition, does not apply, as the Company is a business entity, and the grants are with a governmental agency.

Revenues from each grant are based upon internal costs incurred that are specifically covered by the grant. Revenue is recognized as the Company incurs expenses that are related to the grant. The Company believes this policy is consistent with the overarching premise in ASC 606, to ensure that it recognizes revenues to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, even though there is no “exchange” as defined in the ASC. The Company believes the recognition of revenue as costs are incurred and amounts become earned/realizable is analogous to the concept of transfer of control of a service over time under ASC 606.

The Company considers contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or makes changes to the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Contract modifications for services that are not distinct from the existing contract are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. In these cases, the effect of the contract modification on the transaction price and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates are recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. Contract modifications for goods or services that are considered distinct from the existing contract are accounted for as separate contracts.

The Company’s contract liabilities consist solely of deferred revenue related to amounts billed or received in advance of services or products delivered.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs of material, including hardware and software costs, and costs of providing services, including employee compensation and other costs associated with supporting these functions. Cost of revenue does not include depreciation and amortization costs.

Contract Costs

Under ASC Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers (“ASC 340-40”), the Company defers all incremental costs, including commissions, incurred to obtain the contract and amortizes these costs over the expected period of benefit which is generally the life of the contract. The Company evaluated incremental contract costs for contracts in place as of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 and determined these to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”), under which it recognizes deferred income taxes, net of valuation allowances, for net operating losses, tax credit carryforwards, and the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if a valuation allowance is required and considers whether a valuation allowance should be recorded against deferred tax assets based on the likelihood that the benefits of the deferred tax assets will or will not ultimately be realized in future periods. In making this assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified, such as recent operating results, and less consideration is given to less objective indicators, such as future income projections. After consideration of positive and negative evidence, if the Company determines that it is more likely than not that it will generate future income sufficient to realize its deferred tax assets, the Company will record a reduction in the valuation allowance.

The Company applies certain provisions of ASC 740, which includes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit or obligation as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments.

Research and Development

The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. External software development expense is included in research and development costs except for those costs which require capitalization in accordance with GAAP. Certain research and development costs are related to performance on grant contracts.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all share-based compensations costs granted to employees and non-employees under the method prescribed by ASC 718-10, Stock Compensation (Note 12). Stock-based compensation cost is measured based on the estimated grant date fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Leases

The Company makes a determination if an arrangement constitutes a lease at inception, and categorizes the lease as either an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are included in right-of-use operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has entered into leases for building facilities and vehicles. The Company’s leases have contractual terms of up to 10 years, some of which have options to extend the lease. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms are deemed not to include options to extend the lease renewals until it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Right-of-use lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the implicit rate on most of the Company’s leases are not reasonable determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the company will exercise that option. Lease expense is primarily recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are combined for certain assets classes.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rent receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. The Company adopted the guidance effective beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

None applicable

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors

that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt the guidance effective beginning January 1, 2023. The Company has completed its assessment of the guidance and has concluded that it will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

(ad) Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

None applicable

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Significant Unobservable Inputs and Valuation - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] - USD ($)	5 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 17, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value (in millions) (in Dollars per share)	$ 5.6	$ 0	$ 3.2
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	10 years	8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Risk free rate	1.60%	3.90%	1.50%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 15	$ 15	$ 15
Volatility	55.00%	56.00%	54.00%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions) (in Dollars)	$ 125	$ 125	$ 125
Probability of warrants vesting	96.90%		90.70%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value (in millions) (in Dollars per share)	$ 4.8	$ 0	$ 2.4
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	10 years	8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Risk free rate	1.60%	3.90%	1.50%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 20	$ 20	$ 20
Volatility	55.00%	56.00%	54.00%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions) (in Dollars)	$ 250	$ 250	$ 250
Probability of warrants vesting	87.70%		75.80%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value (in millions) (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.8	$ 0	$ 1.7
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	10 years	8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Risk free rate	1.60%	3.90%	1.50%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 30	$ 30	$ 30
Volatility	55.00%	56.00%	54.00%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions) (in Dollars)	$ 375	$ 375	$ 375
Probability of warrants vesting	78.20%		63.80%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value (in millions) (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.2	$ 0	$ 1.3
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	10 years	8 years 4 months 24 days	9 years 4 months 24 days
Risk free rate	1.60%	3.90%	1.50%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 40	$ 40	$ 40
Volatility	55.00%	56.00%	54.00%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions) (in Dollars)	$ 500	$ 500	$ 500
Probability of warrants vesting	69.90%		54.50%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series B [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value (in millions) (in Dollars per share)	$ 12.8
Valuation methodology	Black Scholes
Term (years)	10 years
Risk free rate	1.60%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 10
Volatility	55.00%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions) (in Dollars)
Probability of warrants vesting	100.00%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Option [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value (in millions) (in Dollars per share)	$ 12.6
Valuation methodology	Black Scholes
Term (years)	7 years 6 months
Risk free rate	1.40%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 50
Volatility	57.00%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions) (in Dollars)
Probability of warrants vesting

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) (Parentheticals)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption	$ 18,629
Issuance Costs Related to Preferred Stock	5,979,675
Less issuance costs	$ 2,500

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	27,225	$	27,629
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,874		59,794
Total Assets	$	29,099	$	87,423

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	13,680	$	8,165
Accrued expenses and dividend payable		538,667		336,713
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		285,640		359,225
Total Liabilities	$	837,987	$	704,103

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$	27,629	$	28,446
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		59,794		—
Total Assets	$	87,423	$	28,446

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	8,165	$	—
Accrued expenses and dividend payable		336,713	$	116,754
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		359,225		511,948
Total Liabilities	$	704,103	$	628,702

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue Recognition (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Information Regarding Disaggregated Revenue

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue recognized over time:
Services – engineering	$	301,656	$	43,254	$	931,853	$	215,349
Grid services		564,821		164,380		788,409		260,457
Grants		73,563		65,869		219,082		416,816
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products		1,772,532		280,184		4,748,141		3,333,825
Total revenue	$	2,712,572	$	553,687	$	6,687,485	$	4,226,447

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services	$	784,710	$	797,127
Grants		459,427		1,270,138
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products		4,129,246		2,123,500
Total revenue	$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts and grants with customers as of September 30, 2023 expected to be recognized in the future, and classified as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, for year ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):

2023 (remaining three months)		268,467
2024		499,285
2025		139,010
2026		81,470
Thereafter		128,278
Total(1)	$	1,116,511

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers as of December 31, 2022 expected to be recognized in the future for years ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):

2023	$	134,500
2024		49,578
Thereafter		1,037,419
Total	$	1,221,497

Schedule of Operates in a Single Business Segment

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
United States	$	4,839,561	$	3,326,427
United Kingdom		195,550		485,628
Denmark		338,272		378,710
	$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
United States	$	1,795,267	$	1,811,607
United Kingdom		1,335		—
Denmark	$	181,982	$	25,664
	$	1,978,584	$	1,837,271

Schedule of Company Operates In a Single Business Segment

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
United States	$	2,552,138	$	434,544	$	6,290,200	$	3,788,521
United Kingdom		—		23,231		33,047		160,616
Denmark		160,434		95,912		364,238		277,310
	$	2,712,572	$	553,687	$	6,687,485	$	4,226,447

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	1,685,126	$	1,795,267
United Kingdom		3,288		1,335
Denmark		235,625		181,982
	$	1,924,039	$	1,978,584

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	$ 7,500,000	$ 7,500,000
10,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	500,000	500,000
20,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000	750,000
40,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000	750,000
60,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000	750,000
80,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000	750,000
100,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	1,000,000	1,000,000
200,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	1,000,000	1,000,000
250,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	$ 2,000,000	$ 2,000,000

Organization and Description of Business

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization and Description of Business [Line Items]

Organization and Description of Business

Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business

Description of Business

Nuvve Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (the “Company” or “Nuvve”), was founded on November 10, 2020 under the laws of the state of Delaware. On March 19, 2021, the Company (at the time known as NB Merger Corp.) acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”), and the Company changed its name to Nuvve Holding Corp.

Structure of the Company

Nuvve has two wholly owned subsidiaries, Nuvve Corp. and Nuvve Pennsylvania LLC. Nuvve Corp. has four wholly owned subsidiaries: (1) Nuvve Denmark ApS, (“Nuvve Denmark”), a company registered in Denmark, (2) Nuvve SaS, a company registered in France, (3) Nuvve KK (Nuvve Japan), a company registered in Japan, and (4) Nuvve LTD, a company registered in United Kingdom. Nuvve Norway, a company registered in Norway is a branch of Nuvve Denmark.

On August 4, 2021, the Company formed Levo Mobility LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Levo”), with Stonepeak Rocket Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Stonepeak”), and Evolve Transition Infrastructure LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Evolve”). Levo is a consolidated entity of the Company. Please see Note 2 for the principles of consolidation.

Levo is a sustainable infrastructure company focused on rapidly advancing the electrification of transportation by funding vehicle-to-grid (“V2G”) enabled Electric Vehicle (“EV”) fleet deployments. Levo utilizes Nuvve’s V2G technology and conditional capital contribution commitments from Stonepeak and Evolve to offer Fleet-as-a-Service (“FaaS”) for school buses, last-mile delivery, ride hailing and ride sharing, municipal services, and more to eliminate the primary barriers to EV fleet adoption including large upfront capital investments and lack of expertise in securing and managing EVs and associated charging infrastructure.

Levo’s turnkey solution simplifies and streamlines electrification, can lower the total cost of EV operation for fleet owners, and supports the grid when the EVs are not in use. For a fixed monthly payment with no upfront cost, Levo will provide the EVs, such as electric school buses, charging infrastructure powered by Nuvve’s V2G platform, EV and charging station maintenance, energy management, and technical advice.

Levo focuses on electrifying school buses, providing associated charging infrastructure, and delivering V2G services to enable safer and healthier transportation for children while supporting carbon dioxide emission reduction, renewable energy integration, and improved grid resiliency.

Note 1 — Organization and Description of Business

(a) Description of Business

Nuvve Holding Corp., a corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (the “Company” or “Nuvve”), formerly known as NB Merger Corp., was founded on November 10, 2020 under the laws of the State of Delaware. On March 19, 2021, the Company (at the time known as NB Merger Corp.) acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”), and the Company changed its name to Nuvve Holding Corp. (See Business Combination below).

The Company owns 100% of Nuvve Corporation, a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (“Nuvve Corp.”), which was founded on October 18, 2010, to develop and commercialize Vehicle to Grid (“V2G”) technology. Nuvve has developed a proprietary V2G technology, including the Company’s Grid Integrated Vehicle (“GIVe™”) cloud-based software platform, that enables it to link multiple electric vehicle (“EV”) batteries into a virtual power plant (“VPP”) to provide bi-directional energy to the electrical grid in a qualified and secure manner. The VPP can generate revenue by selling or making available to utility companies excess energy when the price is relatively high or buying energy when the price is relatively low. The V2G technology may allow energy users to reduce energy peak consumption and enable utilities to reduce the required internally generated peak demand. This V2G technology was initially developed in 1996 by Dr. Willett Kempton, Ph.D., at the University of Delaware and is now being deployed for commercial use as a part of the management of fleets of electric vehicles, including buses. Nuvve’s technology is patent protected. Nuvve’s first commercial operation was proven in Copenhagen in 2016. Since then, Nuvve has established operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Denmark. In addition to Nuvve’s algorithms and software, Nuvve provides complete V2G solutions to its customers, including V2G bi-directional chargers which are preconfigured to work with Nuvve’s GIVe platform. The Company’s technology is compatible with several charger manufacturers both in Direct Current (“DC”) (such as CHAdeMO, a DC charging standard for electric vehicles, enabling seamless communication between the vehicle and the charger) and Alternative Current (“AC”) mode.

(b) Structure of the Company

Levo is a sustainable infrastructure company focused on rapidly advancing the electrification of transportation by funding V2G enabled EV fleet deployments. Levo utilizes Nuvve’s V2G technology and committed capital from Stonepeak and Evolve to offer Fleet-as-a-Service (“FaaS”) for school buses, last-mile delivery, ride hailing and ride sharing, municipal services, and more to eliminate the primary barriers to EV fleet adoption including large upfront capital investments and lack of expertise in securing and managing EVs and associated charging infrastructure.

Levo initially focuses on electrifying school buses, providing associated charging infrastructure, and delivering V2G services to enable safer and healthier transportation for children while supporting carbon dioxide emission reduction, renewable energy integration, and improved grid resiliency.

Account Receivables, Net (Details) - Schedule of Account Receivables, Net - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Trade receivables		$ 1,180,528	$ 1,949,896
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	$ (408,996)	(58,834)	(63,188)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 2,669,269	$ 1,121,694	$ 1,886,708

Account Receivables, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Account Receivables, Net (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company’s accounts receivable:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Trade receivables	$	3,024,314		$	1,149,301
Interest receivable		53,951			31,227
Less: allowance for credit losses		(408,996	)		(58,834	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,669,269		$	1,121,694
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Balance December 31, 2022	$	(58,834	)
Provision		(343,172	)
Write-off		(6,990	)
Recoveries		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(408,996	)

The following tables summarizes the Company’s account receivables:

	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Trade receivables	$	1,180,528		$	1,949,896
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(58,834	)		(63,188	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,121,694		$	1,886,708

Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

Balance December 31, 2020	$	—
Provision		—
Write-off		—
Recoveries		—
Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188	)
Provision		—
Write-off		4,354
Recoveries		—
Balance December 31, 2022	$	(58,834	)

Related Parties

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Related Parties [Line Items]

Related Parties

Note 15 — Related Parties

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $63,407 and $129,077, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of zero and $28,000, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. The Company had a balance of accounts receivable of approximately zero at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 from the same entity that is an investor in the Company.

Note 15 — Related Parties

As described in Note 6, the Company holds equity interests in and provides certain consulting services to Dreev, an entity in which a stockholder of the Company owns the other portion of Dreev’s equity interests. The consulting services were zero for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $40,500 from an entity that is a stockholder of the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $399,620 from the same entity that is a stockholder in the Company. The Company had a balance of accounts receivable of zero each at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, from the same entity that is an investor in the Company.

Equity Purchase

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer purchased 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000 on June 2022. This was pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//850/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

+ Details

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Non-controlling Interests - Levo Mobility LLC [Member] - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		$ (538,841)	$ (2,138,272)
Less: dividends paid or accrued to non-controlling interests	$ 212,062	263,846	101,856
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment	$ 484,398	645,866	261,505
Non-controlling interests		$ (1,448,553)	$ (2,501,633)

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Milestone Event

access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000		750,000
40,000		750,000
60,000		750,000
80,000		750,000
100,000		1,000,000
200,000		1,000,000
250,000		2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000		750,000
40,000		750,000
60,000		750,000
80,000		750,000
100,000		1,000,000
200,000		1,000,000
250,000		2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense [Line Items]
Operating lease expense	$ 228,633	$ 241,852	$ 685,900	$ 582,449	$ 811,082	$ 219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	1,414	1,413	4,242	8,804	5,594	2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	424	553	1,373	1,791	2,248	3,636
Total lease expense	$ 230,471	$ 243,818	$ 691,515	$ 593,044	$ 818,924	$ 226,346

Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	14,365,000	16,215,000
Number of Warrants Exercised		1,850,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable	12,365,000	12,365,000
Public Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	2,875,000	2,875,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Expiration Date	Mar. 19, 2026	Mar. 19, 2026
Private Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	136,250	136,250
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	136,250	136,250
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Expiration Date	Mar. 19, 2026	Mar. 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	1,353,750	1,353,750
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Expiration Date	Mar. 19, 2026	Mar. 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series B [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	2,000,000	2,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	2,000,000	2,000,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 10	$ 10
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	500,000	500,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 15	$ 15
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	500,000	500,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 20	$ 20
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	500,000	500,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 30	$ 30
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	500,000	500,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 40	$ 40
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants		1,850,000
Number of Warrants Exercised		1,850,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)		$ 0.0001
Expiration Date
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	4,000,000	4,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised
Number of Warrants Exercisable	4,000,000	4,000,000
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.75	$ 3.75
Expiration Date	Jul. 29, 2027	Jan. 29, 2028

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Levo Non-controlling Interests Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Levo Mobility LLC [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Levo Non-controlling Interests Consolidated Statements of Operations [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (538,841)	$ (2,138,272)

Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Taxes (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

Income (loss) before taxes includes the following components:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
United States	$	(22,719,272	)	$	(74,262,131	)
Foreign		(1,837,434	)		(354,181	)
Total income (loss) before income taxes		(24,556,706	)		(74,616,312	)

Schedule of Income Tax Expense

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Income tax expense	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Effective tax rate		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%

Income tax expense is summarized as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Federal	$	—	$	—
State		800		1,000
Current income tax expense		800		1,000

Federal		—		—
State		—		—
Deferred income tax expense	$	—	$	—
Income tax expense	$	800	$	1,000

Schedule of Reconciliation between Income Tax Expense

The reconciliation between the income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate of 21% to loss before taxes is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Federal income tax benefit at statutory federal tax rate	$	(5,160,372	)	$	(15,669,426	)
State income tax, net of federal benefit		(823,890	)		(776,843	)
Noncontrolling interest		113,157			449,037
Stock compensation		624,065			452,444
Change in fair value of warrants		(2,517,157	)		65,604
162(m) excess compensation		—			237,247
Change in valuation allowance		7,666,631			9,413,411
Finance costs		54,802			5,643,259
Other		43,564			186,267
Income tax expense	$	800		$	1,000

Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Equity investment	$	(489,911	)	$	(576,523	)
Accrued liabilities and other		1,118,256			1,007,644
Right-of-use assets		(1,246,870	)		(845,240	)
Lease liabilities		1,389,893			845,240
Research and experimental expenditures		1,507,144			—
Net operating losses		15,772,670			9,953,429
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance		18,051,182			10,384,550
Valuation allowance		(18,051,182	)		(10,384,550	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	—		$	—

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Measurements [Line Items]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 4 — Fair Value Measurements

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at September 30, 2023		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	4	$	212	$	1,996
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	76,271	$	76,271	$	214,361	$	142,613
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	285,640	$	285,640	$	67,366	$	73,585
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	361,915	$	361,915	$	281,939	$	218,194

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2022			Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000	$	170,000		$	854,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		—			8,677,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	218,884	$	218,884	$	1,682,700		$	1,682,700
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	359,225	$	359,225	$	(40,245	)	$	(19,309	)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	580,109	$	580,109	$	1,812,455		$	11,194,391

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the war rants (Note 11) and derivative liability — non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Private warrants			Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants		Institutional/ Accredited Investor warrants			Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares – derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,000		$	—	$	218,884		$	359,225
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(1,000	)		—		214,758			76,840
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,000		$	—		433,642		$	436,065
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(784	)		—		(143,010	)		(83,059	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	216		$	—	$	290,632		$	353,006
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(212	)	$	—	$	(214,361	)	$	(67,366	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	4		$	—	$	76,271		$	285,640

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2023 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 2.47 years, risk free rate of 4.92%, no dividends, volatility of 57.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.22 years, risk free rate of 4.20%, no dividends, volatility of 67.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants was estimated at September 30, 2023 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 4.30 years, risk free rate of 4.67%, no dividends, volatility of 62.0%, common stock price of $0.34, and strike price of $3.75.

The fair value of the level 3 Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants was estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 5.10 years, risk free rate of 3.97%, no dividends, volatility of 62.0%, common stock price of $0.50, and strike price of $3.75.

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs and valuation methodologies used for the Company’s fair value measurements of non-recurring (level 3) Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants at September 30, 2023:

Series C
Unvested
Warrants

Series D
Unvested
Warrants

Series E
Unvested
Warrants

Series F
Unvested
Warrants

Fair value (in millions)

—

Valuation methodology

Monte Carlo
Simulation & Black Scholes

Monte Carlo
Simulation &
Black Scholes

Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)

—

Probability of warrants vesting(a)

—

(a) During the second quarter ended June 30, 2022, the Company significantly lowered its forecast of Levo’s capital deployments due to the passage by the United States Congress of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act bill, and the related unveiling of the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2022 Clean School Bus rebates. The resulting lower forecast of capital deployments reduced the probabilities of the future vesting of the unvested warrants. Therefore, at September 30, 2023, the Company has determined that it is unlikely that the unvested warrants will vest.

	Series C Unvested Warrants			Series D Unvested Warrants			Series E Unvested Warrants			Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Valuation methodology		Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)		8.40			8.40			8.40			8.40
Risk free rate		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%
Exercise price	$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0
Volatility		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$	125.0		$	125.0		$	125.0		$	125.0
Probability of warrants vesting(a)		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

(a) During the second quarter ended June 30, 2022, the Company significantly lowered its forecast of Levo’s capital deployments due to the passage by the United States Congress of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act bill, and the related unveiling of the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2022 Clean School Bus rebates. The resulting lower forecast of capital deployments reduced the probabilities of the future vesting of the unvested warrants. Therefore, at December 31, 2022, the Company has determined that it is unlikely that the unvested warrants will vest.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability — non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at September 30, 2023 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 0.84 years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 4.6%, no dividends, volatility of 89.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability — non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 1.60 years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 4.0%, no dividends, volatility of 63.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2023 and 2022.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are generally carried on the cost basis, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Note 4 — Fair Value Measurements

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000	$	864,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	218,884	$	218,884	$	2,445,462
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	359,225	$	359,225	$	152,723
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	580,109	$	580,109	$	12,139,185

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2021		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2021
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	866,000	$	866,000	$	387,228
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000	$	8,677,000	$	(699,628)
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	511,948	$	511,948	$	(14,342)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	10,054,948	$	10,054,948	$	(326,742)

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the private warrants (Note 11) and derivative liability — non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Private Warrants			Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants			Institutional/ Accredited Investor Warrants			Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares – derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000		$	8,677,000		$	2,664,346		$	511,948
Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(864,000	)		(8,677,000	)		(2,445,462	)		(152,723	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,000		$	—		$	218,884		$	359,225

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.2 years, risk free rate of 4.2%, no dividends, volatility of 67.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2021 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 4.2 years, risk free rate of 1.2%, no dividends, volatility of 54.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 5.1 years, risk free rate of 3.97%, no dividends, volatility of 62.0%, and strike price of $0.50.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability — non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at December 31, 2022 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 1.6 years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 4.0%, no dividends, volatility of 63.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability — non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at December 31, 2021 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 3.0 years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 1.40%, no dividends, volatility of 53.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2022 and 2021.

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs and valuation methodologies used for the Company’s fair value measurements of non-recurring (level 3) unvested Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants at December 31, 2022:

	Series C Unvested Warrants			Series D Unvested Warrants			Series E Unvested Warrants			Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$	0.0		$	0.0		$	0.0		$	0.0
Valuation methodology		Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)		8.40			8.40			8.40			8.40
Risk free rate		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%
Exercise price	$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0
Volatility		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$	125.0		$	250.0		$	375.0		$	500.0
Probability of warrants vesting(a)		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

____________

	Series C Unvested Warrants			Series D Unvested Warrants			Series E Unvested Warrants			Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$	3.2		$	2.4		$	1.7		$	1.3
Valuation methodology		Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)		9.40			9.40			9.40			9.40
Risk free rate		1.5	%		1.5	%		1.5	%		1.5	%
Exercise price	$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0
Volatility		54.0	%		54.0	%		54.0	%		54.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$	125.0		$	250.0		$	375.0		$	500.0
Probability of warrants vesting		90.7	%		75.8	%		63.8	%		54.5	%

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs and valuation methodologies at December 31, 2021 used for the Company’s fair value measurements of non-recurring (level 3) Stonepeak and Evolve warrants and securities purchase agreement to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at the date of issuance of May 17, 2021:

	Series B Warrants			Series C Warrants			Series D Warrants			Series E Warrants			Series F Warrants			Options
Fair value (in millions)	$	12.8		$	5.6		$	4.8		$	3.8		$	3.2		$	12.6
Valuation methodology		Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Black Scholes
Term (years)		10			10			10			10			10			7.50
Risk free rate		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.4	%
Exercise price	$	10.0		$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0		$	50.0
Volatility		55.0	%		55.0	%		55.0	%		55.0	%		55.0	%		57.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)		N/A		$	125.0		$	250.0		$	375.0		$	500.0			N/A
Probability of warrants vesting		100.0	%		96.9	%		87.7	%		78.2	%		69.9	%		N/A

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Black-scholes Option Pricing Model to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options - 2020 Plan [Member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Black-scholes Option Pricing Model to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options [Line Items]

Expected life of options (in years)

6 years 1 month 6 days

^[1]

Dividend yield

0.00%

^[2]

Risk-free interest rate

2.75%

^[3]

Volatility

56.20%

^[4]

[1]	The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.
[2]	No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.
[3]	The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.
[4]	Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

Non-Controlling Interest (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Non-Controlling Interest (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Series B Preferred Stock

At September 30, 2023, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized		Shares Issued and Outstanding		Stated Value per Share			Initial Carrying Value			Cumulative Unpaid Accrued Preferred Dividends			Liquidation Preference
1,000,000		3,138		$	1,000		$	3,138,000		$	538,668		$	3,676,668

At December 31, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized		Shares Issued and Outstanding		Stated Value per Share			Initial Carrying Value			Accrued Preferred Dividends			Liquidation Preference
1,000,000		3,138		$	1,000		$	3,138,000		$	326,606		$	3,464,606

Schedule of Non-controlling Interests

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Beginning Balance	$	(3,950,186	)		(2,501,633	)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$	23,039			(538,841	)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests		212,062			263,846
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment		484,398			645,866
Non-controlling interests	$	(4,623,607	)	$	(3,950,186	)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:

	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(538,841	)		(2,138,272	)
Less: dividends paid or accrued to non-controlling interests		263,846			101,856
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment		645,866			261,505
Non-controlling interests	$	(1,448,553	)	$	(2,501,633	)

Schedule of Levo Non-controlling Interests Consolidated Statements of Operations

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

		December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		$	(538,841	)		$	(2,138,272	)

Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Reconciliation

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	3,547,765	$	2,901,899
Preferred share Accretion adjustment		484,398		645,866
Ending balance	$	4,032,163	$	3,547,765

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	2,901,899	$	—
Beginning redemption value (at fair value)		—		3,138,000
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares – embedded derivatives		—		497,606
Adjusted initial carrying value		2,901,899		2,640,394
Preferred share accretion adjustment		645,866		261,505
Ending balance	$	3,547,765	$	2,901,899

Schedule of Fair Value of Class D Incentive Units Granted

The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the year ended December 31, 2022.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)(1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate(2)	3.02	%
Volatility(3)	69.50	%

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(3) Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

Schedule of Class D Incentive Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2022, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28
Granted	—	—
Vested	—	—
Cancelled(1)	200,000	12.49
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2023	50,000	12.49

(1) Cancelled units represents unvested units granted to cliff vest on the grant anniversary date. However, the employees were terminated before the grant date anniversary. As a result, the previously recognized expenses of $421,371 was reversed.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to the Reverse Recapitalization, for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2021	1,035,035		3.21	5.90	5,688,501
Granted	—		—	—	—
Exercised	(59,729	)	2.09	—	—
Forfeited	(61,289	)	7.84	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(60,510	)	4.44	—	—
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	853,507		2.91	5.70	—
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	797,393		2.57	4.44	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	797,393		2.57	4.44	—

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2021	1,602,850		13.18		9.27	46,920
Granted	352,400		4.36	$	—	—
Exercised	—		—		—	—
Forfeited	(241,326	)	10.04		—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(2,812	)	8.25		—	—
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	1,711,112		11.71		8.46	—
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—		—		—	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	609,022		13.38		8.17	—

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of September 30, 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$	8,285	$	(168,985	)	$	23,039	$	(459,863	)

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions

The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)(1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate(2)	3.02	%
Volatility(3)	69.50	%

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

	2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years)(1)	6.1
Dividend yield(2)	0	%
Risk-free interest rate(3)	2.75	%
Volatility(4)	56.2	%

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

Class D Incentive Units [Member]

Non-Controlling Interest (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Class D Incentive Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28

Account Receivables, Net (Details) - Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Account Receivables, Net (Details) - Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts [Line Items]
Balance, beginning	$ 58,834	$ 63,188
Provision	343,172
Write-off	6,990	4,354
Recoveries
Balance, ending		$ (58,834)	$ (63,188)

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Information Regarding Disaggregated Revenue - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Total revenue	$ 2,712,572	$ 553,687	$ 6,687,485	$ 4,226,447	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Service [Member]
Revenue recognized over time:
Services					784,710	797,127
Grant [Member]
Revenue recognized over time:
Grants					459,427	1,270,138
Product [Member]
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products					$ 4,129,246	$ 2,123,500

- Definition

Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4

+ Details

- Definition

Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).

+ References

+ Details

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (23,977,547)	$ (16,850,827)	$ (24,557,506)	$ (74,617,312)
Adjustments to reconcile to net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	237,043	211,220	289,536	167,558
Share-based compensation	3,197,471	4,487,003	5,234,878	4,219,989
Financing costs				46,771,276
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible debenture				427,796
Accretion of discount on convertible debenture				116,147
Change in fair value of warrants liability	(144,609)	(11,213,700)	(11,986,462)	312,400
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(73,585)	19,309	(152,723)
Loss on disposal of asset	(1,088)			1,326
Gains from sale of investments in equity securities	(325,155)
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan				(492,100)
Noncash lease expense	355,133	336,903	421,183	3,636
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(1,547,575)	818,758	763,302	(887,697)
Inventory	4,717,894	(649,809)	(433,644)	(10,065,710)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	304,031	(2,040,485)	(2,072,001)	(693,756)
Accounts payable	(705,658)	(4,070,611)	(3,346,937)	2,780,890
Due to customers	9,830,000
Accrued expenses	2,056,210	443,491	1,340,918	2,138,574
Deferred revenue	(122,797)	324,660	417,481	626,265
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,200,232)	(28,184,088)	(34,081,975)	(29,190,718)
Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment				7,649
Purchase of property and equipment	(199,877)	(349,182)	(438,045)	(273,124)
Investments in equity securities		(1,000,000)	(1,000,000)
Proceeds from sale of investments in equity securities	1,325,155
Net cash provided (used) in investing activities	1,125,278	(1,349,182)	(1,438,045)	(265,475)
Financing activities
Proceeds from Newborn Escrow Account				58,184,461
Redemption of Newborn shares				(18,629)
Issuance costs related to reverse recapitalization and PIPE offering				(3,970,657)
Proceeds from PIPE offering				14,250,000
Repayment of Newborn sponsor loans				(487,500)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF				(6,000,000)
Newborn cash acquired				50,206
Purchase of stock from investor				(2,000,000)
Payment of financing costs				(1,000,000)
Payment of finance lease obligations	(5,375)	(7,396)	(9,691)	(5,839)
Proceeds from forward option put exercise		1,994,073	1,994,073
Proceeds from exercise of pre-funded warrants related to Direct Offering		58	185
Proceeds from Direct Offering of common stock, net of offering costs	2,347,192	13,069,815	13,069,815
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs	884,586	3,763,494	3,763,494
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		209,280	245,748	576,528
Issuance Costs Related to Preferred Stock				(2,956,248)
Issuance of Redeemable Preferred Stock				3,138,000
Payment of Preferred Stock dividends				(39,096)
Net cash provided in financing activities	3,226,403	19,029,324	19,063,624	59,721,226
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(40,699)	(121,218)	(50,228)	199,592
Net decrease in cash and restricted cash	(1,889,250)	(10,625,164)	(16,506,624)	30,464,625
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year	16,233,896	32,740,520	32,740,520	2,275,895
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	14,344,646	22,115,356	16,233,896	32,740,520
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Financing Activity
Transfer of inventory to property and equipment		$ 87,095
Supplemental Disclosure of cash information:
Cash paid for income taxes				800
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Financing Activity
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock				1,679
Conversion of debenture and accrued interest to common shares				3,999,435
Conversion of shares due to reverse recapitalization				3,383
Issuance of common stock for merger success fee				2,085,299
Non-cash merger transaction costs				2,085,299
Accrued transaction costs related to reverse recapitalization				189,434
Issuance of private warrants				1,253,228
Forgiveness of PPP Loan				492,100
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve warrants				30,234,000
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve options				$ 12,584,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] - Levo Mobility LLC [Member] - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$ 27,225	$ 27,629	$ 28,446
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,874	59,794
Total Assets	29,099	87,423	28,446
Liabilities
Accounts payable	13,680	8,165
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	538,667	336,713	116,754
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	285,640	359,225	511,948
Total Liabilities	$ 837,987	$ 704,103	$ 628,702

Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation between Income Tax Expense - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation between Income Tax Expense [Line Items]
Federal income tax benefit at statutory federal tax rate					$ (5,160,372)	$ (15,669,426)
State income tax, net of federal benefit					(823,890)	(776,843)
Noncontrolling interest					113,157	449,037
Stock compensation					624,065	452,444
Change in fair value of warrants					(2,517,157)	65,604
162(m) excess compensation						237,247
Change in valuation allowance					7,666,631	9,413,411
Finance costs					54,802	5,643,259
Other					43,564	186,267
Income tax expense					$ 800	$ 1,000

Inventories (Details) - Schedule of Inventory By Category - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,833,937	$ 11,551,831	$ 11,118,188
DC Chargers [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	6,181,368	9,248,398	7,687,598
AC Chargers [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	220,720	123,247	232,920
Vehicles – School Buses [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total		1,620,000	$ 3,180,000
Component parts [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	$ 431,849	$ 560,186

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units [Line Items]
Shares, Nonvested Ending Balance		436,259	353,817
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Ending Balance		$ 6.43	$ 11
Shares, Granted		503,390
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted	$ 0.56	$ 3.07
Shares, Vested/Release		(398,492)
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested/Release	1.1	$ 6.12
Shares, Cancelled/Forfeited		(22,456)
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Cancelled/Forfeited	$ 4.61	$ 8.72

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation of the Opening and Closing Balances for the Liabilities Related to the Private Warrants - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Private Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation of the Opening and Closing Balances for the Liabilities Related to the Private Warrants [Line Items]
Balance at December 31, 2021			$ 2,000	$ 866,000
Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	$ 212	$ 784	1,000	(864,000)
Balance at December 31, 2022				2,000
Stonepeak and Evolve Unvested Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation of the Opening and Closing Balances for the Liabilities Related to the Private Warrants [Line Items]
Balance at December 31, 2021				8,677,000
Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings				(8,677,000)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation of the Opening and Closing Balances for the Liabilities Related to the Private Warrants [Line Items]
Balance at December 31, 2021			218,884	2,664,346
Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings				(2,445,462)
Balance at December 31, 2022				218,884
Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member] \| Private Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation of the Opening and Closing Balances for the Liabilities Related to the Private Warrants [Line Items]
Balance at December 31, 2021			$ 359,225	511,948
Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings				(152,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022				$ 359,225

Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income Tax Expense - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income Tax Expense [Line Items]
Federal
State					800	1,000
Current income tax expense					800	1,000
Federal
State
Deferred income tax expense
Income tax expense					$ 800	$ 1,000

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Parentheticals) [Line Items]
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted	32,191,013	21,952,882	28,172,399	19,972,016	20,971,896	16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted	$ (0.27)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.88)	$ (0.85)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-15

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (e)(4)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-11

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 60B
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 52
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7

+ Details

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Levo Mobility LLC [Member]
Condensed Income Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$ 8,285	$ (168,985)	$ 23,039	$ (459,863)	$ (538,841)

- Definition

Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References + Details

Leases (Details) - Schedule of lease costs - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of lease costs [Line Items]
Operating lease assets	$ 4,959,255	$ 5,305,881	$ 3,483,042
Finance lease assets	14,001	18,467	25,664
Total lease assets	4,973,256	5,324,348	3,508,706
Operating lease liabilities – current	859,820	824,326	41,513
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	4,746,575	5,090,170	3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities – current	7,081	7,184	7,634
Finance lease liabilities – noncurrent	8,821	12,959	18,860
Total lease liabilities	$ 5,622,297	$ 5,934,639	$ 3,509,649

Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 27, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	May 17, 2021
Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Consulting services			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Revenue							40,500	399,620
Accounts receivable							0	0
Common stock, per share (in Dollars per share)									$ 50
Amount of purchase	$ 14,000,000
Revenue			2,712,572	553,687	6,687,485	4,226,447
Accounts receivable, net			2,669,269		2,669,269		1,121,694	$ 1,886,708
Chief Executive Officer And Chief Operating Officer [Member]
Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase shares (in Shares)		134,499
Common stock, per share (in Dollars per share)		$ 14.87
Amount of purchase		$ 2,000,000
Related Party [Member]
Related Parties (Details) [Line Items]
Revenue			63,407	$ 0	129,077	$ 28,000
Accounts receivable, net			$ 0		$ 0		$ 0

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$	(8,575,188	)	$	(6,720,547	)	$	(24,697,046	)	$	(17,071,274	)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		32,191,013			21,952,882			28,172,399			19,972,016
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.85	)

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$	(24,928,377	)	$	(72,842,401	)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		20,971,896			16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(1.19	)	$	(4.37	)

Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Nuvve common stockholders

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,569,904	2,649,652	2,556,719	2,624,818
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	512,129	1,117,868	458,234	952,068
Public warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000
Private warrants	136,250	136,250	136,250	136,250
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	2,739,130	4,000,000	923,077
Total	22,447,033	22,741,324	22,379,953	20,158,040

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	958,273	709,263
Public warrants	2,875,000	3,033,548
Private warrants	136,250	143,764
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	4,191,176
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,698,630	—
Total	20,626,830	16,959,978

Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Intangible Assets [Line Items]

Intangible Assets

Note 10 — Intangible Assets

At both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded a gross intangible asset balance of $2,091,556, which is related to patent and intangible property rights acquired. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $34,860 each for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $104,578 each for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Accumulated amortization totaled $854,494 and $749,916 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The net amount of intangible assets of $1,237,061 at September 30, 2023, will be amortized over the weighted average remaining life of 9.1 years.

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2023 (remaining three months)	$	34,857
2024		139,437
2025		139,437
2026		137,770
2027		132,770
Thereafter		652,790
	$	1,237,061

Note 10 — Intangible Assets

At both December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had recorded a gross intangible asset balance of $2,091,556, which is related to patent and intangible property rights acquired. Amortization expense of intangible assets were $139,437 for each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Accumulated amortization totaled $749,916 and $610,480 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The net amount of intangible assets of $1,341,640 at December 31, 2022, will be amortized over the weighted average remaining life of 9.8 years.

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2023	$	139,437
2024		139,437
2025		139,437
2026		137,770
2027		132,770
Thereafter		652,789
	$	1,341,640

Property, Plant and Equipment

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Note 9 — Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:

	Useful Lives	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Computers & Servers	1 year to 3 years	$	154,380		$	130,417
Vehicles	5 years to 7 years		100,230			139,788
Office furniture and equipment	3 years to 5 years		356,473			326,613
Test units and loaned chargers(1)	5 years to 7 years		404,827			256,685
Total			1,015,910			853,503
Less: Accumulated Depreciation			(328,933	)		(216,559	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		$	686,977		$	636,944

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense	$	35,936	$	46,012	$	132,465	$	108,277

(1) Represents DC Chargers temporary loaned out to customers while their DC Chargers are being repaired.

Note 9 — Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:

	Useful Lives	As of December 31,
	Useful Lives	2022			2021
Computers & servers	1 year to 3 years	$	130,417		$	105,499
Vehicles	5 years to 7 years		139,788			168,862
Office furniture and equipment	3 years to 5 years		326,613			161,771
DC Chargers(1)	5 years to 7 years		256,685			6,050
Total			853,503			442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation			(216,559	)		(85,988	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		$	636,944		$	356,194

		As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Depreciation expense	$	150,099	$	27,280

(1) Represents DC Charges temporary loan out to customer while their DC Charges being repaired.

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Techniques - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	8 years 4 months 24 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 15
Capital expenditure forecast (in Dollars) \| $	$ 125
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member] \| Measurement Input, Probability of Warrants Vesting [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Probability of warrants vesting
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk free rate	3.90%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Volatility	56.00%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	8 years 4 months 24 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20
Capital expenditure forecast (in Dollars) \| $	$ 125
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member] \| Measurement Input, Probability of Warrants Vesting [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Probability of warrants vesting
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk free rate	3.90%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Volatility	56.00%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	8 years 4 months 24 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 30
Capital expenditure forecast (in Dollars) \| $	$ 125
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member] \| Measurement Input, Probability of Warrants Vesting [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Probability of warrants vesting
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk free rate	3.90%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Volatility	56.00%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Valuation methodology	Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)	8 years 4 months 24 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 40
Capital expenditure forecast (in Dollars) \| $	$ 125
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member] \| Measurement Input, Probability of Warrants Vesting [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Probability of warrants vesting
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk free rate	3.90%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Volatility	56.00%

Leases (Details) - Schedule of lease income - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Leases (Details) - Schedule of lease income - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of lease income [Line Items]
Lease income			$ 24,027		$ 99,981
Interest income	3,797		10,228		3,341
Total lease income	$ 3,797		$ 34,255		$ 103,322

- Definition

Amount of operating interest income, including, but not limited to, amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on securities.

+ References + Details

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers - Revenue Recognition [Member]	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01
Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 268,467
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
2024	499,285
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
2025	139,010
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
2026	81,470
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01
Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Thereafter	128,278
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: (nil)
Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue for the Company’s Existing Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Total (1)	$ 1,116,511

Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Subsequent Events [Line Items]

Subsequent Events

Note 19 — Subsequent Events

October 2023 Offerings

On October 18, 2023, the Company entered into a marketed offering relating to the issuance and sale of 7,142,857 shares of its common stock. The offering price for the shares was $0.14 per share of common stock. The closing of the offering occurred on October 20, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the market offering was approximately $1.0 million. Aegis Capital Corp acted as the underwriting agent of offering and received underwriting discounts and commissions of $70,000 of the gross proceeds. In addition, the Company granted Aegis Capital Corp. a 45-day option to purchase up to 1,071,429 of additional shares of common stock, less underwriting discounts and commissions solely to cover over-allotments. On October 20, 2023, Aegis exercised the option to purchase over-allotments shares of 797,243 at offering price of $0.14 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds from the exercise of over-allotments shares was approximately $0.1 million. Aegis Capital Corp received underwriting discounts and commissions of $7,813 of the gross proceeds.

On October 25, 2023, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with a single institutional investor for the purchase and sale of 13,772,940 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to acquire shares of common stock in a registered direct offering. The purchase price of each share was $0.15 per share. The purchase price for the pre-funded warrants is equivalent to the purchase price for the shares, less the exercise price of $0.0001. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company was approximately $2.1 million. The transaction closed on October 27, 2023, and was subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

Termination of 2023 ATM Offering Program

On October 16, 2023, the Company and the Agent agreed to terminate the ATM Agreement, dated January 31, 2023 between the Company and the Agent, effective immediately.

Note 19 — Subsequent Events

January 2023 ATM Offering Program

On January 31, 2023, the Company entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), as the sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agent, shares of its common stock (the “Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $25,000,000. The Company will pay the Agent a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross sales prices of the Shares. The Company reimbursed the Agent for fees and disbursements of its legal counsel in the amount of $50,000. In January and February 2023, we sold 78,638 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement at an average price of $1.79 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $0.1 million.

February 2023 Registered Direct Offering

On February 17, 2023, the Company entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor, relating to the issuance and sale of 543,478 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering (the “February 2023 Offering”). The offering price for the shares was $0.92 per share of common stock. The closing of the February 2023 Offering occurred on February 21, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the February 2023 Offering was approximately $0.5 million. Chardan Capital Markets LLC acted as the placement agent for the February 2023 Offering and received a sales commission of 3.0% of the gross proceeds.

Sale of Switch Investment

On March 30, 2022, the Company sold its investment interest in Switch for $1.3 million. The company had invested $1.0 million in Switch for an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022. See Note 6 for further details.

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lease Term and Discount Rate	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	8 years	9 years	9 years 10 months 24 days
Finance lease	2 years 6 months	3 years 3 months 18 days	4 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.80%	7.80%	7.80%
Finance lease	7.80%	7.80%	7.80%

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of the Fair Value of Derivatives by Balance Sheet Line Item

The following table displays the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item:

		September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		$	285,640		$	359,225

The following table displays the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	359,225	$	511,948

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Non-controlling Interests Presented as a Separate Component of Stockholders’ Equity - Levo Mobility LLC [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Beginning Balance			$ (3,950,186)	$ (2,501,633)	$ (2,501,633)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$ 8,285	$ (168,985)	23,039	$ (459,863)	(538,841)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests			212,062		263,846	$ 101,856
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment			484,398		645,866	261,505
Non-controlling interests	$ (4,623,607)		$ (4,623,607)		$ (3,950,186)	$ (2,501,633)

- Definition

Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References + Details

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 02, 2023
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Options granted (in Shares)
Share based option modified (in Shares)							1,640,000
Increase decrease exercise price (in Dollars per share)							$ 0.6
Incremental compensation cost							$ 246,000
Weighted average remaining recognition period				3966817 years		6195461 years
2020 Plan [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Aggregate common shares (in Shares)						3,300,000
Option contractual life				10 years		10 years
Issuance of common stock available for future (in Shares)						714,529
Options granted (in Shares)				115,800
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in Dollars per share)				$ 0.57		$ 2.35
Number of additional shares authorized (in Shares)	4,000,000
Aggregate of common shares (in Shares)		7,300,000		7,300,000
2010 Plan [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Options granted (in Shares)
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in Dollars per share)				$ 0
Subsequent Event [Member] \| 2020 Plan [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock available for future (in Shares)								2,681,697
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Additional compensation expense		$ 9,721	$ 16,791	$ 33,971	$ 55,307	$ 68,049	$ 62,449
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] \| 2020 Plan [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting terms				4 years		4 years
Restricted Stock [Member]
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock		$ 631,929		$ 631,929		$ 1,830,932
Weighted average remaining recognition period				306 days		1 year 14 days

Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventories (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
DC Chargers	$	6,181,368	$	9,248,398
AC Chargers		220,720		123,247
Vehicles – School Buses		—		1,620,000
Component parts		431,849		560,186
Total	$	6,833,937	$	11,551,831

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
DC Chargers	$	9,248,398	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers		123,247		232,920
Vehicles – School Buses		1,620,000		3,180,000
Others		560,186		17,670
Total	$	11,551,831	$	11,118,188

Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units [Line Items]
Shares, Nonvested Beginning balance	436,259
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Beginning balance	$ 6.43
Shares, Granted	2,902,684
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted	$ 0.56	$ 3.07
Shares, Vested/Release	(2,866,653)
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested/Release	$ 1.1	6.12
Shares, Cancelled/Forfeited	(57,832)
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Cancelled/Forfeited	$ 4.61	$ 8.72
Shares, Nonvested Ending balance	414,458	436,259
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Ending balance	$ 2.48	$ 6.43

Stockholders’ Equity (Details)													1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity (Details)	Jun. 06, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 14, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 17, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 27, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	May 05, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 25, 2022 USD ($)	May 17, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 26, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 23, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 11, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 19, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Authorized classes of stock																2		2
Classes of capital stock \| shares																101,000,000		101,000,000
Common stock authorized \| shares																100,000,000		100,000,000	30,000,000
Common Stock par value (in Dollars per share)																$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock authorized \| shares																1,000,000		1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)																$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, share issued \| shares																0		0	0
Preferred stock, share outstanding \| shares																0		0	0
Offering price (in Dollars) \| $					$ 14,000,000
Aggregate gross percentage													6.00%
Average price (in Dollars per share)								$ 50
Net proceeds (in Dollars) \| $																$ 884,586	$ 3,763,494	$ 3,763,494
Price per share (in Dollars per share)					$ 3.5
Excluding the proceeds (in Dollars) \| $					$ 13,100,000
Warrants issued								10 years
Aggregate conditional capital commitment (in Dollars) \| $								$ 750,000,000
Aggregate conditional capital expenditures (in Dollars) \| $								500,000,000
Private warrant liability (in Dollars) \| $																		2,000
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)											$ 10
Purchase per units (in Dollars per share)												$ 11.5
Company reacquired \| shares									134,449		600,000
Cash renewables (in Dollars) \| $									$ 2,000,000										6,000,000
Average closing price (in Dollars per share)									$ 14.87		$ 14.87
Purchase authorized (in Dollars) \| $								250,000,000
Grant date fair value (in Dollars) \| $								12,600,000
Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Common Stock par value (in Dollars per share)					$ 0.0001
Shares of common stock \| shares					2,150,000
Prefunded Warrant [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants purchase \| shares					1,850,000
Price per share (in Dollars per share)					$ 3.4999
Number of shares \| shares					1
Exercised date					6 months
Duration of warrants terminate					5 years
Warrants and Rights Outstanding, Vesting Period					6 months
Warrant [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares of common stock \| shares											1,353,750	5,750,000
Warrants purchase \| shares					4,000,000
Price per share (in Dollars per share)																		$ 16.5
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)					$ 3.75													11.5
Class of Warrant or Right, Redemption Price of Warrants or Rights (in Dollars per share)																		$ 0.01
Notice period																		30 days
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series B [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 10		$ 10
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								12,800,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																15		15
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								5,600,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																20		20
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								4,800,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																30		30
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								3,800,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 40		40
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								$ 3,200,000
Nuvve [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Share purchase \| shares										134,499					134,499
Stock repurchased, average cost per share (in Dollars per share)										$ 14.87					$ 14.87			$ 14.87
Repurchase of common stock (in Dollars) \| $										$ 2,000,000	$ 2,000,000				$ 2,000,000			$ 2,000,000
Stonepeak Rocket Holdings [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrant percentage								90.00%
Evolve Transition Infrastructure [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrant percentage								10.00%
Warrant [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)					3.75
Warrants issued								10 years
Warrant [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Common Stock par value (in Dollars per share)					$ 0.0001
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series B [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants purchase \| shares																2,000,000		2,000,000
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 10		$ 10
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants purchase \| shares																1,000,000		1,000,000
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 15		$ 15
Percentage of share issuance																50.00%		50.00%
Issuance vested																50.00%		50.00%
Aggregate capital expenditures (in Dollars) \| $																$ 125,000,000		$ 125,000,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants purchase \| shares																1,000,000		1,000,000
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 20		$ 20
Percentage of share issuance																50.00%		50.00%
Issuance vested																50.00%		50.00%
Aggregate capital expenditures (in Dollars) \| $																$ 250,000,000		$ 250,000,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants purchase \| shares																1,000,000		1,000,000
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 30		$ 30
Percentage of share issuance																50.00%		50.00%
Issuance vested																50.00%		50.00%
Aggregate capital expenditures (in Dollars) \| $																$ 375,000,000		$ 375,000,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants purchase \| shares																1,000,000		1,000,000
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 40		$ 40
Exercised date								180 days
Percentage of share issuance																50.00%		50.00%
Issuance vested																50.00%		50.00%
Aggregate capital expenditures (in Dollars) \| $																$ 500,000,000		$ 500,000,000
PIPE Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares of common stock \| shares											1.9
Average price (in Dollars per share)											$ 11.5
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $																		$ 2,000
Shelf Registration [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Offering price (in Dollars) \| $						$ 100,000,000	$ 100,000,000
At The Market Offering [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Offering price (in Dollars) \| $				$ 25,000,000		$ 25,000,000
Aggregate gross percentage				3.00%		3.00%
Shares of common stock \| shares																1,512,172		792,882
Average price (in Dollars per share)																$ 0.64		$ 4.97
Net proceeds (in Dollars) \| $																$ 900,000		$ 3,800,000
Offering program (in Dollars) \| $				$ 50,000
IPO [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants \| shares												1
IPO [Member] \| Newborn Acquisition Corp [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Number of shares \| shares												1
Number of warrants \| shares												1
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)																		$ 10
Private Placement [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Private warrant gain (in Dollars) \| $																		$ 864,000
Private Placement [Member] \| Warrant [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Private unit \| shares												272,500
Private Placement [Member] \| Newborn Acquisition Corp [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares of common stock \| shares																		272,500
Number of warrants \| shares												1
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)																		$ 10
Private Placement [Member] \| Warrant [Member] \| Newborn Acquisition Corp [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants \| shares												1
Private Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $														$ 2,000			2,000		866,000
Private warrant gain (in Dollars) \| $														170,000			854,000		387,228
Private Warrants [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $														$ 2,000		$ 4	$ 2,000		$ 866,000
Registered Direct Offering [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Aggregate gross percentage	6.00%	6.00%	6.00%
Net proceeds (in Dollars) \| $	$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000	$ 500,000
Price per share (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.4	$ 0.55	$ 0.92
Registered Direct Offering [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares of common stock \| shares	2,492,530	1,818,181	543,478
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrant percentage								90.00%
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Evolve Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrant percentage								10.00%
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series B [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								$ 12,800,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series C [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 15
Warrants issued																8 years 4 months 24 days
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								5,600,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series D [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 20
Warrants issued																8 years 4 months 24 days
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								4,800,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series E [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 30
Warrants issued																8 years 4 months 24 days
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								3,800,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants, Series F [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in Dollars per share)																$ 40
Warrants issued																8 years 4 months 24 days
Warrants outstanding (in Dollars) \| $								$ 3,200,000
Unit Purchase Option [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares issued (in Dollars per share)												$ 100
Purchase units \| shares												316,250
Purchase per units (in Dollars per share)												$ 11.5
Aggregate exercise price (in Dollars) \| $												$ 3,636,875
Unit Purchase Option [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Registration rights for periods												5 years
Unit Purchase Option [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Registration rights for periods												7 years
Unit Purchase Option [Member] \| Warrant [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase per units (in Dollars per share)												$ 11.5
Investor [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Investors agreed to purchase \| shares											1,425,000
Purchase price per share (in Dollars per share)											$ 10
Purchase price (in Dollars) \| $											$ 14,250,000
Investor [Member] \| Newborn [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares of common stock \| shares											1,425,000
Average price (in Dollars per share)											$ 10
PIPE [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares of common stock \| shares											1.9
Average price (in Dollars per share)											$ 11.5
PIPE [Member] \| Newborn [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Offering price (in Dollars) \| $											$ 14,250,000

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Series B Preferred Stock - Series B Preferred Stock [Member] - Levo Mobility LLC [Member] - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000
Shares Issued and Outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138	3,138
Stated Value per Share (in Dollars per share)	$ 1,000	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Initial Carrying Value	$ 3,138,000	$ 3,138,000	$ 3,138,000
Cumulative Unpaid Accrued Preferred Dividends	326,606	538,668	326,606
Liquidation Preference	$ 3,464,606	$ 3,676,668	$ 3,464,606

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef
-Topic 272
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483014/272-10-45-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 272
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482987/272-10-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(d))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(27)(b))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2)(i))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2)(ii))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3

+ Details

Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Intangible Assets (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2023 (remaining three months)	$	34,857
2024		139,437
2025		139,437
2026		137,770
2027		132,770
Thereafter		652,790
	$	1,237,061

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2023	$	139,437
2024		139,437
2025		139,437
2026		137,770
2027		132,770
Thereafter		652,789
	$	1,341,640

Leases (Details) - Schedule of lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Operating Lease [Member]
Leases (Details) - Schedule of lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity [Line Items]
2023	$ 212,650
2024	892,212
2025	893,046
2026	921,273
2027	946,683
Thereafter	3,798,553
Total lease payments	7,664,417
Less: interest	(2,058,022)
Total lease obligations	5,606,395
Finance Lease [Member]
Leases (Details) - Schedule of lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity [Line Items]
2023	1,770
2024	7,080
2025	7,081
2026	1,770
2027
Thereafter
Total lease payments	17,701
Less: interest	(1,799)
Total lease obligations	$ 15,902

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Details) - Schedule of the Fair Value of Derivatives by Balance Sheet Line Item - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Long-term Liabilities [Member]
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$ 285,640	$ 359,225	$ 511,948

Account Receivables, Net (Details) - Schedule of Account Receivables, Net - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Interest receivable	$ 53,951	$ 31,227
Less: allowance for credit losses	(408,996)	(58,834)
Accounts receivable, net	2,669,269	1,121,694	$ 1,886,708
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Balance, beginning	(58,834)	(63,188)
Provision	(343,172)
Write-off	(6,990)	(4,354)
Recoveries
Balance, ending	(408,996)	(58,834)	$ (63,188)
Trade Accounts Receivable [Member]
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Trade receivables	$ 3,024,314	$ 1,149,301

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Taxes [Line Items]

Income Taxes

Note 13 — Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Income tax expense	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Effective tax rate		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%

The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective tax rate, based on current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to operating losses that receive no tax benefit as a result of a valuation allowance recorded for such losses.

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the provisions of ASC 740, management is required to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against its deferred tax assets. The Company currently has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was no material change from the year ended December 31, 2022 in the amount of the Company’s deferred tax assets that are not considered to be more likely than not to be realized in future years.

Note 13 — Income Taxes

Income (loss) before taxes includes the following components:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
United States	$	(22,719,272	)	$	(74,262,131	)
Foreign		(1,837,434	)		(354,181	)
Total income (loss) before income taxes		(24,556,706	)		(74,616,312	)

Income tax expense is summarized as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Federal	$	—	$	—
State		800		1,000
Current income tax expense		800		1,000

Federal		—		—
State		—		—
Deferred income tax expense	$	—	$	—
Income tax expense	$	800	$	1,000

The reconciliation between the income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate of 21% to loss before taxes is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Federal income tax benefit at statutory federal tax rate	$	(5,160,372	)	$	(15,669,426	)
State income tax, net of federal benefit		(823,890	)		(776,843	)
Noncontrolling interest		113,157			449,037
Stock compensation		624,065			452,444
Change in fair value of warrants		(2,517,157	)		65,604
162(m) excess compensation		—			237,247
Change in valuation allowance		7,666,631			9,413,411
Finance costs		54,802			5,643,259
Other		43,564			186,267
Income tax expense	$	800		$	1,000

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Equity investment	$	(489,911	)	$	(576,523	)
Accrued liabilities and other		1,118,256			1,007,644
Right-of-use assets		(1,246,870	)		(845,240	)
Lease liabilities		1,389,893			845,240
Research and experimental expenditures		1,507,144			—
Net operating losses		15,772,670			9,953,429
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) before valuation allowance		18,051,182			10,384,550
Valuation allowance		(18,051,182	)		(10,384,550	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	—		$	—

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $59,202,000 and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $28,125,000. Of the federal net operating loss carryforwards, $3,070,000 will begin to expire in 2034, and the remainder do not expire. The state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2034. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, use of the Company’s net operating loss and credit carryforwards may be limited if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within any three-year period since the last ownership change. The Company believes that there has not been a change in control under these Sections. However, the Company does not anticipate performing a complete analysis of the limitation on the annual use of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards until the time that it projects that it will be able to utilize these tax attributes.

A valuation allowance of $18,051,182 as of December 31, 2022, has been established against the Company’s deferred tax assets as is more likely than not such assets will be realized. The valuation allowance increased by $7,666,632 during the year ended December 31, 2022. In assessing if the deferred tax assets will be realized, the Company considers whether it is probable that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining whether the deferred taxes are realizable, the Company considers the period of expiration of the tax asset, historical and projected taxable income, and tax liabilities for the tax jurisdiction in which the tax asset is located. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce the amounts of deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized based on an assessment of positive and negative evidence, including estimates of future taxable income necessary to realize future deductible amounts.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters. The Company will recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company does not anticipate material unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as various states income tax. The Company’s income tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ended December 31, 2019 through 2023.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted	$ (0.27)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.88)	$ (0.85)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted	32,191,013	21,952,882	28,172,399	19,972,016	20,971,896	16,654,495

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Reconciliation - Redeemable Non Controlling Interests [Member] - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 3,547,765	$ 2,901,899
Beginning redemption value (at fair value)			3,138,000
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - embedded derivatives			497,606
Adjusted initial carrying value		2,901,899	2,640,394
Preferred share accretion adjustment	484,398	645,866	261,505
Ending balance	$ 4,032,163	$ 3,547,765	$ 2,901,899

Intangible Assets (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Intangible Assets (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense [Line Items]
2023	$ 139,437	$ 139,437
2024	139,437	139,437
2025	137,770	139,437
2026	132,770	137,770
2027		132,770
Thereafter		652,789
Total estimated future amortization expense	$ 1,237,061	$ 1,341,640

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Measurements (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at September 30, 2023		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	4	$	212	$	1,996
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	76,271	$	76,271	$	214,361	$	142,613
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	285,640	$	285,640	$	67,366	$	73,585
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	361,915	$	361,915	$	281,939	$	218,194

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2022			Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000	$	170,000		$	854,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		—			8,677,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	218,884	$	218,884	$	1,682,700		$	1,682,700
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	359,225	$	359,225	$	(40,245	)	$	(19,309	)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	580,109	$	580,109	$	1,812,455		$	11,194,391

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,000	$	864,000
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	218,884	$	218,884	$	2,445,462
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	359,225	$	359,225	$	152,723
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	580,109	$	580,109	$	12,139,185

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2021		Total Gains (Losses) For The Year Ended December 31, 2021
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	866,000	$	866,000	$	387,228
Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants	$	—	$	—	$	8,677,000	$	8,677,000	$	(699,628)
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	511,948	$	511,948	$	(14,342)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	10,054,948	$	10,054,948	$	(326,742)

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Opening and Closing Balances for the Liabilities Related to the Private Warrants

	Private warrants			Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants		Institutional/ Accredited Investor warrants			Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares – derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,000		$	—	$	218,884		$	359,225
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(1,000	)		—		214,758			76,840
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,000		$	—		433,642		$	436,065
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(784	)		—		(143,010	)		(83,059	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	216		$	—	$	290,632		$	353,006
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(212	)	$	—	$	(214,361	)	$	(67,366	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	4		$	—	$	76,271		$	285,640

	Private Warrants			Stonepeak and Evolve unvested warrants			Institutional/ Accredited Investor Warrants			Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares – derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000		$	8,677,000		$	2,664,346		$	511,948
Initial fair value
Balance at Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings		(864,000	)		(8,677,000	)		(2,445,462	)		(152,723	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	2,000		$	—		$	218,884		$	359,225

Schedule of Significant Unobservable Inputs and Valuation

Series C
Unvested
Warrants

Series D
Unvested
Warrants

Series E
Unvested
Warrants

Series F
Unvested
Warrants

Fair value (in millions)

—

Valuation methodology

Monte Carlo
Simulation & Black Scholes

Monte Carlo
Simulation &
Black Scholes

Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)

—

Probability of warrants vesting(a)

—

	Series C Unvested Warrants			Series D Unvested Warrants			Series E Unvested Warrants			Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Valuation methodology		Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)		8.40			8.40			8.40			8.40
Risk free rate		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%
Exercise price	$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0
Volatility		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$	125.0		$	125.0		$	125.0		$	125.0
Probability of warrants vesting(a)		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

	Series C Unvested Warrants			Series D Unvested Warrants			Series E Unvested Warrants			Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$	0.0		$	0.0		$	0.0		$	0.0
Valuation methodology		Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)		8.40			8.40			8.40			8.40
Risk free rate		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%
Exercise price	$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0
Volatility		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%		56.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$	125.0		$	250.0		$	375.0		$	500.0
Probability of warrants vesting(a)		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

	Series C Unvested Warrants			Series D Unvested Warrants			Series E Unvested Warrants			Series F Unvested Warrants
Fair value (in millions)	$	3.2		$	2.4		$	1.7		$	1.3
Valuation methodology		Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes
Term (years)		9.40			9.40			9.40			9.40
Risk free rate		1.5	%		1.5	%		1.5	%		1.5	%
Exercise price	$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0
Volatility		54.0	%		54.0	%		54.0	%		54.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)	$	125.0		$	250.0		$	375.0		$	500.0
Probability of warrants vesting		90.7	%		75.8	%		63.8	%		54.5	%

	Series B Warrants			Series C Warrants			Series D Warrants			Series E Warrants			Series F Warrants			Options
Fair value (in millions)	$	12.8		$	5.6		$	4.8		$	3.8		$	3.2		$	12.6
Valuation methodology		Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Monte Carlo Simulation & Black Scholes			Black Scholes
Term (years)		10			10			10			10			10			7.50
Risk free rate		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.6	%		1.4	%
Exercise price	$	10.0		$	15.0		$	20.0		$	30.0		$	40.0		$	50.0
Volatility		55.0	%		55.0	%		55.0	%		55.0	%		55.0	%		57.0	%
Capital expenditure forecast (in millions)		N/A		$	125.0		$	250.0		$	375.0		$	500.0			N/A
Probability of warrants vesting		100.0	%		96.9	%		87.7	%		78.2	%		69.9	%		N/A

Document And Entity Information	9 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Information Line Items
Entity Registrant Name	NUVVE HOLDING CORP.
Document Type	S-1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001836875
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE

Leases (Details) - Schedule of sublease income - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of sublease income [Line Items]
Sublease lease income	$ 134,402	$ 64,750	$ 366,087	$ 84,875	$ 143,192

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value on a Recurring Basis - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Private Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value on a Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	$ 216	$ 1,000	$ 2,000
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(212)	(784)	(1,000)	$ 864,000
Balance	4	216	1,000	2,000
Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value on a Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings
Balance
July 2022 Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value on a Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	290,632	433,642	218,884
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(214,361)	(143,010)	214,758
Balance	76,271	290,632	433,642	218,884
Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value on a Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	353,006	436,065	359,225
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(67,366)	(83,059)	76,840
Balance	$ 285,640	$ 353,006	$ 436,065	359,225
Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member] \| Private Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value on a Recurring Basis [Line Items]
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings				$ 152,723

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - Schedule of Other Share Based Compensation Information - USD ($)	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amount received from option exercised		$ 209,280	$ 245,748	$ 576,528
Total unrecognized options compensation costs		$ 1.63		$ 2.55
Weighted average remaining recognition period	3966817 years		6195461 years

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 1D
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)(1)
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (8,575,188)	$ (6,720,547)	$ (24,697,046)	$ (17,071,274)	$ (24,928,377)	$ (72,842,401)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic	32,191,013	21,952,882	28,172,399	19,972,016	20,971,896	16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic	$ (0.27)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.88)	$ (0.85)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (e)(4)
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (f)
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-Subparagraph (a)
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-SubTopic 10
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-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
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-Subparagraph (d)
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Paragraph 10
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10

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-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-3

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-Topic 250
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 11
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
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-Section 45
-Paragraph 60B
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B

+ Details

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Class D Incentive Units - Class D Incentive Units [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Class D Incentive Units [Line Items]
Nonvested Beginning, Shares
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Beginning
Granted, Shares	250,000
Granted, Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 13.28
Vested, Shares
Vested, Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Cancelled, Shares
Cancelled, Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested Ending, Shares	250,000
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Ending	$ 13.28

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:

	Useful Lives	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Computers & Servers	1 year to 3 years	$	154,380		$	130,417
Vehicles	5 years to 7 years		100,230			139,788
Office furniture and equipment	3 years to 5 years		356,473			326,613
Test units and loaned chargers(1)	5 years to 7 years		404,827			256,685
Total			1,015,910			853,503
Less: Accumulated Depreciation			(328,933	)		(216,559	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		$	686,977		$	636,944

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense	$	35,936	$	46,012	$	132,465	$	108,277

(1) Represents DC Chargers temporary loaned out to customers while their DC Chargers are being repaired.

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:

	Useful Lives	As of December 31,
	Useful Lives	2022			2021
Computers & servers	1 year to 3 years	$	130,417		$	105,499
Vehicles	5 years to 7 years		139,788			168,862
Office furniture and equipment	3 years to 5 years		326,613			161,771
DC Chargers(1)	5 years to 7 years		256,685			6,050
Total			853,503			442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation			(216,559	)		(85,988	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		$	636,944		$	356,194

		As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Depreciation expense	$	150,099	$	27,280

(1) Represents DC Charges temporary loan out to customer while their DC Charges being repaired.

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Volatility			0.04	0.046
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Volatility			0.63	0.89
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Probability Of Redemption Trigger [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Volatility			0.75	0.75
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Private Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term			3 years 80 days	2 years 171 days
Strike price (in Dollars per share)			$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Private Warrants [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Risk free rate			0.042	0.0492
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Private Warrants [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Risk free rate			0.67	0.57
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| July 2022 Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term			5 years 36 days	4 years 109 days
Strike price (in Dollars per share)			$ 3.75	$ 3.75
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| July 2022 Warrants [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Risk free rate			0.0397	0.0467
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| July 2022 Warrants [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Risk free rate			0.62	0.62
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| July 2022 Warrants [Member] \| Measurement Input, Common Stock Price [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Strike price (in Dollars per share)			$ 0.5	$ 0.34
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Terms range			1 year 219 days	306 days
Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Terms range			7 years	7 years
Black-Scholes [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 73 days	4 years 73 days	3 years 73 days
Risk free rate		1.20%	4.20%
Dividends rate		0.00%	0.00%
Volatility rate		54.00%	67.00%
Strike price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Black-Scholes [Member] \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term			5 years 36 days
Risk free rate			3.97%
Dividends rate			0.00%
Volatility rate			62.00%
Strike price (in Dollars per share)			$ 0.5
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Risk free rate	1.40%		4.00%
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Dividends rate	0.00%		0.00%
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Volatility rate	53.00%		63.00%
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Probability Of Redemption Trigger [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Redemption percentage	75.00%	75.00%
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Terms range	3 years	3 years	1 year 219 days
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Terms range	7 years	7 years	7 years
Monte Carlo Simulation [Member] \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring [Member] \| Probability Of Redemption Trigger [Member]
Fair Value Measurements (Details) [Line Items]
Redemption percentage			75.00%

Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
2010 Plan [Member]
Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity [Line Items]
Shares, Beginning balance		853,507
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Beginning balance		2.91
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Beginning balance		5 years 8 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning balance (in Dollars)
Shares, Granted
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Granted (in Dollars per share)
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Granted
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted (in Dollars)
Shares, Exercised
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Exercised (in Dollars per share)
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercised
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised (in Dollars)
Shares, Forfeited	(8,409)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Forfeited (in Dollars per share)	$ 6.97
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Forfeited
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited (in Dollars)
Shares, Expired/Cancelled	(80,533)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars per share)	$ 5.34
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Expired/Cancelled
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars)
Shares, Ending Balance	764,565
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Ending Balance	2.58
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Ending Balance	3 years 9 months 7 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending Balance (in Dollars)
Shares, Options Exercisable	752,436
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Options Exercisable (in Dollars per share)	$ 2.49
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Options Exercisable	3 years 8 months 19 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Exercisable (in Dollars)
Shares, Option Vested	752,436
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Option Vested (in Dollars per share)	$ 2.49
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Option Vested	3 years 8 months 19 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Option Vested (in Dollars)
2020 Plan [Member]
Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity [Line Items]
Shares, Beginning balance		1,711,112
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Beginning balance		11.71
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Beginning balance		8 years 5 months 15 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning balance (in Dollars)
Shares, Granted	115,800
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Granted (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.57
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Granted
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Granted (in Dollars)
Shares, Exercised
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Exercised (in Dollars per share)
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercised
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercised (in Dollars)
Shares, Forfeited	(37,077)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Forfeited (in Dollars per share)	$ 7.07
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Forfeited
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Forfeited (in Dollars)
Shares, Expired/Cancelled	(19,792)
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars per share)	$ 9.05
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Expired/Cancelled
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars)
Shares, Ending Balance	1,770,043
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Ending Balance	11.11
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Ending Balance	7 years 9 months 21 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending Balance (in Dollars)
Shares, Options Exercisable	913,084
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Options Exercisable (in Dollars per share)	$ 12.91
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Options Exercisable	7 years 6 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Exercisable (in Dollars)
Shares, Option Vested	913,084
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share, Option Vested (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.11
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Option Vested	7 years 6 months
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Option Vested (in Dollars)

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	$ 7,500,000	$ 7,500,000
10,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	500,000	500,000
20,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000	750,000
40,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000	750,000
60,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000	750,000
80,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000	750,000
100,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	1,000,000	1,000,000
200,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	1,000,000	1,000,000
250,000 [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Milestone Event [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	$ 2,000,000	$ 2,000,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs - Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] - Levo Mobility LLC [Member] - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$ 27,225	$ 27,629	$ 28,446
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,874	59,794
Total Assets	29,099	87,423	28,446
Liabilities
Accounts payable	13,680	8,165
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	538,667	336,713	116,754
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	285,640	359,225	511,948
Total Liabilities	$ 837,987	$ 704,103	$ 628,702

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Nuvve common stockholders - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	22,447,033	22,741,324	22,379,953	20,158,040	20,626,830	16,959,978
Stock Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	2,569,904	2,649,652	2,556,719	2,624,818	2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	512,129	1,117,868	458,234	952,068	958,273	709,263
Public Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	3,033,548
Private Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	136,250	136,250	136,250	136,250	136,250	143,764
PIPE Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	4,191,176
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	4,000,000	2,739,130	4,000,000	923,077	1,698,630

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	20 years		20 years		20 years
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,015,910		$ 1,015,910		$ 853,503	$ 442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(328,933)		(328,933)		(216,559)	(85,988)
Property, plant and equipment, net	686,977		686,977		636,944	356,194
Depreciation expense	35,936	$ 46,012	132,465	$ 108,277
Computers & servers [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 154,380		$ 154,380		$ 130,417	105,499
Computers & servers [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	1 year		1 year		1 year
Computers & servers [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	3 years		3 years		3 years
Vehicles [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 100,230		$ 100,230		$ 139,788	168,862
Vehicles [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	5 years		5 years		5 years
Vehicles [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	7 years		7 years		7 years
Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 356,473		$ 356,473		$ 326,613	$ 161,771
Office furniture and equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	3 years		3 years		3 years
Office furniture and equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	5 years		5 years		5 years
Test units and loaned chargers [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 404,827		$ 404,827		$ 256,685
Test units and loaned chargers [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	5 years		5 years
Test units and loaned chargers [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	7 years		7 years

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000		1,000,000		1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138		3,138		3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138	3,138		3,138		3,138	3,138
Embedded derivative liability	$ 359,225	$ 285,640		$ 285,640		$ 359,225	$ 511,948
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount		2,640,394		$ 2,640,394
Weighted average remaining recognition period				7 years		7 years
Vesting percentage						80.00%
Weighted average remaining recognition period				3966817 years		6195461 years
Decrease to redeemable noncontrolling interest				$ 497,606
Redeemable Non Controlling Interests [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability	497,606					$ 497,606
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount	$ 3,547,765	$ 4,032,163		4,032,163		3,547,765	2,901,899
Preferred share accretion adjustment				$ 484,398		645,866	261,505
Decrease to redeemable noncontrolling interest							$ 497,606
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] \| Levo Mobility LLC [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000		1,000,000		1,000,000
Percentage of grant date issued				8.00%		8.00%
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 1,000	$ 1,000		$ 1,000		$ 1,000
Temporary equity, accretion of dividends	$ 326,606			$ 538,668		$ 326,606
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138		3,138		3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138	3,138		3,138		3,138
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, fair value	$ 3,138,000	$ 3,138,000		$ 3,138,000		$ 3,138,000
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount	2,640,394					$ 2,640,394
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation		1,128,244	$ 1,180,779	$ 3,197,471	$ 4,487,003
Class D Incentive Units [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				80.00%		80.00%
Vesting percentage				20.00%		20.00%
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock	$ 1,991,555	314,607		$ 314,607		$ 1,991,555
Weighted average remaining recognition period				2 years 3 months		3 years 109 days
Class D Incentive Units [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, All Tranches [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of grant date issued				80.00%
Vesting percentage				80.00%		80.00%
Class D Incentive Units [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				25.00%		25.00%
Class D Incentive Units [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				25.00%		25.00%
Class D Incentive Units [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				25.00%		25.00%
Class D Incentive Units [Member] \| Share Based Compensation Award Tranche Four [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				25.00%		25.00%
Class D Incentive Units [Member] \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Non-Controlling Interest (Details) [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation		$ 31,226	$ 152,315	$ 95,908	$ 293,165	$ 445,479

Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Other Share Based Compensation Information - USD ($)	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amount received from option exercised		$ 209,280	$ 245,748	$ 576,528
Total unrecognized options compensation costs		$ 1.63		$ 2.55
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	3966817 years		6195461 years

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Information Regarding Disaggregated Revenue Based on Revenue by Service - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue recognized over time:
Total revenue	$ 2,712,572	$ 553,687	$ 6,687,485	$ 4,226,447
Engineering Services [Member]
Revenue recognized over time:
Total revenue	301,656	43,254	931,853	215,349
Grid Services [Member]
Revenue recognized over time:
Total revenue	564,821	164,380	788,409	260,457
Grant [Member]
Revenue recognized over time:
Total revenue	73,563	65,869	219,082	416,816
Product [Member]
Revenue recognized over time:
Total revenue	$ 1,772,532	$ 280,184	$ 4,748,141	$ 3,333,825

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

+ Details

Organization and Description of Business (Details)	12 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization and Description of Business [Line Items]
Owns percentage	100.00%

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders [Abstract]
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted	32,191,013	21,952,882	28,172,399	19,972,016	20,971,896	16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted	$ (0.27)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.88)	$ (0.85)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interests	Total
Balances at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,679	$ 2,616	$ 19,650,659	$ (77,841)	$ (20,458,823)		$ (881,710)
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	16,789,088	26,162,122
Beneficial conversion feature – convertible debenture			427,796				427,796
Conversion of convertible debenture		$ 54	3,999,381				3,999,435
Conversion of convertible debenture (in Shares)		544,178
Repurchase of common stock from EDF		$ (60)	(5,999,940)				(6,000,000)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF (in Shares)		(600,000)
Assumption of private warrant liability from Newborn			(1,253,228)				(1,253,228)
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption		$ 806	51,484,821				51,485,627
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption (in Shares)		8,060,418
Placement agent fee paid in common stock		$ 21	2,085,299				2,085,320
Placement agent fee paid in common stock (in Shares)		208,532
PIPE offering, less issuance costs		$ 143	14,247,357				14,247,500
PIPE offering, less issuance costs (in Shares)		1,425,000
Notice of exercise of put option			(2,000,000)				(2,000,000)
Buyback of shares related to exercise of put option		$ (13)	13
Buyback of shares related to exercise of put option (in Shares)		(134,500)
Issuance of warrants to Stonepeak and Evolve			22,310,574				22,310,574
Issuance of options to purchase shares of common stock to Stonepeak and Evolve			12,584,000				12,584,000
Exercise of stock options		$ 25	576,503				576,528
Exercise of stock options (in Shares)		234,506
Stock-based compensation			4,219,989				4,219,989
Currency translation adjustment				191,287			191,287
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(101,856)	(101,856)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(261,505)	(261,505)
Net loss					(72,479,040)	(2,138,272)	(74,617,312)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 1,888	122,336,607	113,446	(92,937,863)	(2,501,633)	27,012,445
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		18,861,130
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization	$ (1,679)	$ (1,704)	3,383
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization (in Shares)	(16,789,088)	(17,039,126)
Balances December 31, 2021, effect of reverse recapitalization (refer to Note 2)		$ 912	19,654,041	(77,841)	(20,458,823)		(881,710)
Balances December 31, 2021, effect of reverse recapitalization (refer to Note 2) (in Shares)		9,122,996
Stock-based compensation			1,455,641				1,455,641
Currency translation adjustment				(13,684)			(13,684)
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(64,015)	(64,015)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(161,466)	(161,466)
Net loss					(4,630,328)	(100,933)	(4,731,261)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022		$ 1,891	123,792,248	99,762	(97,568,191)	(2,828,047)	23,497,663
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		18,891,500
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ 3					3
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		30,370
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 1,888	122,336,607	113,446	(92,937,863)	(2,501,633)	27,012,445
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		18,861,130
Currency translation adjustment							(101,297)
Net loss							(16,850,827)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2022		$ 2,292	142,781,162	12,149	(109,328,827)	(3,641,806)	29,824,970
Balances (in Shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		22,897,935
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 1,888	122,336,607	113,446	(92,937,863)	(2,501,633)	27,012,445
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		18,861,130
Stock-based compensation			5,328,492				5,328,492
Currency translation adjustment				(37,264)			(37,264)
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(263,846)	(263,846)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(645,866)	(645,866)
Net loss					(24,018,665)	(538,841)	(24,557,506)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 2,427	144,073,505	76,182	(116,956,528)	(3,950,186)	23,245,400
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		24,272,150
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ 47	245,676				245,723
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		483,639
Proceeds from forward option put exercise		$ 13	1,994,059				1,994,072
Proceeds from forward option put exercise (in Shares)		134,499
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 79	3,763,417				3,763,496
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		792,882
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs		$ 215	10,405,254				10,405,469
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		2,150,000
Issuance of Common Shares related to Warrants		$ 185					185
Issuance of Common Shares related to Warrants (in Shares)		1,850,000
Balances December 31, 2021, effect of reverse recapitalization (refer to Note 2) (in Shares)		9,122,996
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022		$ 1,891	123,792,248	99,762	(97,568,191)	(2,828,047)	23,497,663
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		18,891,500
Stock-based compensation			1,640,055				1,640,055
Currency translation adjustment				(26,314)			(26,314)
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(65,296)	(65,296)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(161,466)	(161,466)
Net loss					(5,268,156)	(189,945)	(5,458,101)
Balances at Jun. 30, 2022		$ 1,986	129,459,590	73,448	(102,836,347)	(3,244,754)	23,453,923
Balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		19,709,763
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ 50	173,575				173,625
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		360,018
Proceeds from forward option put exercise		$ 13	1,994,059				1,994,072
Proceeds from forward option put exercise (in Shares)		134,499
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 32	1,859,653				1,859,685
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		323,746
Stock-based compensation			976,835				976,835
Currency translation adjustment				(61,299)			(61,299)
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(66,601)	(66,601)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(161,466)	(161,466)
Net loss					(6,492,480)	(168,985)	(6,661,465)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2022		$ 2,292	142,781,162	12,149	(109,328,827)	(3,641,806)	29,824,970
Balances (in Shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		22,897,935
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ (14)	35,717				35,703
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		(10,964)
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 47	1,903,764				1,903,811
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		469,136
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs		$ 215	10,405,256				10,405,471
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		2,150,000
Issuance of Common Shares related to Warrants		$ 58					58
Issuance of Common Shares related to Warrants (in Shares)		580,000
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 2,427	144,073,505	76,182	(116,956,528)	(3,950,186)	23,245,400
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		24,272,150
Stock-based compensation			1,414,183				1,414,183
Currency translation adjustment				8,934			8,934
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(69,292)	(69,292)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(161,466)	(161,466)
Net loss					(7,666,393)	6,288	(7,660,105)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2023		$ 2,498	146,094,334	85,116	(124,622,921)	(4,174,656)	17,384,371
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		24,985,566
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ 9	(9)
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		91,300
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 8	136,709				136,717
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		78,638
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs		$ 54	469,946				470,000
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		543,478
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 2,427	144,073,505	76,182	(116,956,528)	(3,950,186)	23,245,400
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		24,272,150
Currency translation adjustment							28,357
Net loss							(23,977,547)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2023		$ 3,251	152,100,803	104,539	(140,957,114)	(4,623,607)	6,627,872
Balances (in Shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		32,505,010
Balances at Mar. 31, 2023		$ 2,498	146,094,334	85,116	(124,622,921)	(4,174,656)	17,384,371
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		24,985,566
Stock-based compensation			1,069,188				1,069,188
Currency translation adjustment				1,299			1,299
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(70,678)	(70,678)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(161,466)	(161,466)
Net loss					(7,992,563)	8,466	(7,984,097)
Balances at Jun. 30, 2023		$ 3,126	150,076,184	86,415	(132,615,484)	(4,398,334)	13,151,907
Balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		31,257,041
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ 62	391,129				391,191
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		624,400
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 134	644,773				644,907
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		1,336,364
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs		$ 432	1,876,760				1,877,192
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		4,310,711
Stock-based compensation			1,097,016				1,097,016
Currency translation adjustment				18,124			18,124
Preferred dividends – non-controlling interest						(72,092)	(72,092)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares						(161,466)	(161,466)
Net loss					(8,341,630)	8,285	(8,333,345)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2023		$ 3,251	152,100,803	104,539	(140,957,114)	(4,623,607)	6,627,872
Balances (in Shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		32,505,010
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options		$ 116	824,651				824,767
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options (in Shares)		1,150,799
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 9	102,952				$ 102,961
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		97,170
Proceeds from Direct Offering, net of offering costs

Stock Option Plan (Details) - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense for Stock Options - Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,128,244	$ 1,180,779	$ 3,197,471	$ 4,487,003
Options [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	663,369	633,883	2,014,240	1,959,648	$ 2,634,486	$ 2,643,242
Restricted stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	423,928	377,790	1,409,735	2,178,883	$ 2,395,580	$ 1,514,120
Stock options - modified options [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	9,721	16,791	33,971	55,307
Profit interest units [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 31,226	$ 152,315	$ (260,475)	$ 293,165

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Customer For Which Company has Control of Transfer of Equipment [Member] - Product [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue Recognition (Details) [Line Items]
Product revenue related to contracts with customers	$ 609,860
Trade Accounts Receivable [Member]
Revenue Recognition (Details) [Line Items]
Product revenue related to contracts with customers	320,988
Financing Receivable [Member]
Revenue Recognition (Details) [Line Items]
Discounted amount for equipment	$ 288,872

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders [Line Items]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Note 14 — Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$	(8,575,188	)	$	(6,720,547	)	$	(24,697,046	)	$	(17,071,274	)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		32,191,013			21,952,882			28,172,399			19,972,016
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.85	)

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,569,904	2,649,652	2,556,719	2,624,818
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	512,129	1,117,868	458,234	952,068
Public warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000
Private warrants	136,250	136,250	136,250	136,250
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	2,739,130	4,000,000	923,077
Total	22,447,033	22,741,324	22,379,953	20,158,040

Note 14 — Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$	(24,928,377	)	$	(72,842,401	)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted		20,971,896			16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(1.19	)	$	(4.37	)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	958,273	709,263
Public warrants	2,875,000	3,033,548
Private warrants	136,250	143,764
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	4,191,176
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,698,630	—
Total	20,626,830	16,959,978

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases [Line Items]
Operating lease assets	$ 4,959,255		$ 4,959,255		$ 5,305,881	$ 3,483,042
Finance lease assets	14,001		14,001		18,467	25,664
Total lease assets	4,973,256		4,973,256		5,324,348	3,508,706
Operating lease liabilities – current	859,820		859,820		824,326	41,513
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	4,746,575		4,746,575		5,090,170	3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities – current	7,081		7,081		7,184	7,634
Finance lease liabilities – noncurrent	8,821		8,821		12,959	18,860
Total lease liabilities	5,622,297		5,622,297		5,934,639	3,509,649
Operating lease expense	228,633	$ 241,852	685,900	$ 582,449	811,082	219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	1,414	1,413	4,242	8,804	5,594	2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	424	553	1,373	1,791	2,248	3,636
Total lease expense	$ 230,471	$ 243,818	$ 691,515	593,044	$ 818,924	$ 226,346
Weighted-average remaining lease terms operating lease	8 years		8 years		9 years	9 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average remaining lease terms finance lease	2 years 6 months		2 years 6 months		3 years 3 months 18 days	4 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate operating lease	7.80%		7.80%		7.80%	7.80%
Weighted-average discount rate finance lease	7.80%		7.80%		7.80%	7.80%
Operating cash flows from operating leases			$ 355,133	111,391	$ 202,844	$ 100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense			8,507	1,791	2,248	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases			5,375	7,396	9,691	5,839
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities			14,001	18,187	18,467	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income Tax Information - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income Tax Information [Line Items]
Income tax expense					$ 800	$ 1,000
Effective tax rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net loss	$ (8,333,345)	$ (6,661,465)	$ (23,977,547)	$ (16,850,827)	$ (24,557,506)	$ (74,617,312)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	18,124	(61,299)	28,357	(101,297)	(37,264)	191,287
Total comprehensive loss	(8,315,221)	(6,722,764)	(23,949,190)	(16,952,124)	(24,594,770)	(74,426,025)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	8,285	(168,985)	23,039	(459,863)	(538,841)	(2,138,272)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(8,323,506)	(6,553,779)	(23,972,229)	(16,492,261)	(24,055,929)	(72,287,753)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	(72,092)	(66,601)	(212,062)	(195,912)	(263,846)	(101,856)
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)	(161,466)	(484,398)	(484,398)	(645,866)	(261,505)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (8,089,948)	$ (6,325,712)	$ (23,275,769)	$ (15,811,951)	$ (23,146,217)	$ (71,924,392)

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.

+ References

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+ Details

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Line Items]
2023	$ 860,418
2023	7,184
2024	892,212
2024	7,184
2025	893,046
2025	7,184
2026	921,273
2026	1,796
2027	946,683
2027
Thereafter	3,798,554
Thereafter
Total lease payments	8,312,186
Total lease payments	23,348
Less: interest	(2,397,690)
Less: interest	(3,205)
Total lease liabilities	5,914,496
Total lease liabilities	$ 20,143

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Stock Options

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023			2022
Options	$	663,369	$	633,883	$	2,014,240		$	1,959,648
Restricted stock		423,928		377,790		1,409,735			2,178,883
Stock options – modified options		9,721		16,791		33,971			55,307
Profit interest units		31,226		152,315		(260,475	)		293,165
Total	$	1,128,244	$	1,180,779	$	3,197,471		$	4,487,003

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Options	$	2,634,486	$	2,643,242
Restricted stock		2,395,580		1,514,120
Total	$	5,030,066	$	4,157,362

Schedule of Black-scholes Option Pricing Model to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options

The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)(1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate(2)	3.02	%
Volatility(3)	69.50	%

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

	2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years)(1)	6.1
Dividend yield(2)	0	%
Risk-free interest rate(3)	2.75	%
Volatility(4)	56.2	%

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2022, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28
Granted	—	—
Vested	—	—
Cancelled(1)	200,000	12.49
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2023	50,000	12.49

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to the Reverse Recapitalization, for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2021	1,035,035		3.21	5.90	5,688,501
Granted	—		—	—	—
Exercised	(59,729	)	2.09	—	—
Forfeited	(61,289	)	7.84	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(60,510	)	4.44	—	—
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	853,507		2.91	5.70	—
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	797,393		2.57	4.44	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	797,393		2.57	4.44	—

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2021	1,602,850		13.18		9.27	46,920
Granted	352,400		4.36	$	—	—
Exercised	—		—		—	—
Forfeited	(241,326	)	10.04		—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(2,812	)	8.25		—	—
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	1,711,112		11.71		8.46	—
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2022	—		—		—	—
Option Vested at December 31, 2022	609,022		13.38		8.17	—

Schedule of Other Share Based Compensation Information

Other Information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Amount received from option exercised	$	—	$	209,280

		September 30, 2023			Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs		$	3,966,817		1.63

Other Information:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	245,748	$	576,528

		December 31, 2022			Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs		$	6,195,461		2.55

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817		11.00
Granted	503,390		3.07
Vested/Release	(398,492	)	6.12
Cancelled/Forfeited	(22,456	)	8.72
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	436,259		6.43

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	853,507		2.91	5.70	—
Granted	—		—	—	—
Exercised	—		—	—	—
Forfeited	(8,409	)	6.97	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(80,533	)	5.34	—	—
Outstanding – September 30, 2023	764,565		2.58	3.77	—
Options Exercisable at September 30, 2023	752,436		2.49	3.72	—
Option Vested at September 30, 2023	752,436		2.49	3.72	—

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($)
Outstanding – December 31, 2022	1,711,112		11.71	8.46	—
Granted	115,800		0.57	—	—
Exercised	—		—	—	—
Forfeited	(37,077	)	7.07	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(19,792	)	9.05	—	—
Outstanding – September 30, 2023	1,770,043		11.11	7.81	—
Options Exercisable at September 30, 2023	913,084		12.91	7.50	—
Option Vested at September 30, 2023	913,084		11.11	7.50	—

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2022, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	436,259		6.43
Granted(1)	2,902,684		0.56
Vested/Release	(2,866,653	)	1.10
Cancelled/Forfeited	(57,832	)	4.61
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2023	414,458		2.48

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Details) - Schedule of Derivative Liabilities at Fair Value - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Long-term Liabilities [Member]
Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Details) - Schedule of Derivative Liabilities at Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$ 285,640	$ 359,225	$ 511,948

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 20, 2021
Schedule of Aggregate Amount of Revenue [Abstract]
2023	$ 134,500
2024	49,578
Thereafter	1,037,419
Total	$ 1,221,497	$ 13,200,000

Account Receivables, Net

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Account Receivables, Net [Line Items]

Account Receivables, Net

Note 7 — Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company’s accounts receivable:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Trade receivables	$	3,024,314		$	1,149,301
Interest receivable		53,951			31,227
Less: allowance for credit losses		(408,996	)		(58,834	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,669,269		$	1,121,694
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Balance December 31, 2022	$	(58,834	)
Provision		(343,172	)
Write-off		(6,990	)
Recoveries		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(408,996	)

Note 7 — Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company’s account receivables:

	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Trade receivables	$	1,180,528		$	1,949,896
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(58,834	)		(63,188	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	1,121,694		$	1,886,708

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

Balance December 31, 2020	$	—
Provision		—
Write-off		—
Recoveries		—
Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188	)
Provision		—
Write-off		4,354
Recoveries		—
Balance December 31, 2022	$	(58,834	)

Intangible Assets (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense Amortizable Intangible Assets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Intangible Assets (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense Amortizable Intangible Assets [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 34,857
2024	139,437	$ 139,437
2025	139,437	139,437
2026	137,770	139,437
2027	132,770	137,770
Thereafter	652,790
Total estimated future amortization expense	$ 1,237,061	$ 1,341,640

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions - Class D Incentive Units [Member]

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions [Line Items]

Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)

5 years 6 months

^[1]

5 years 6 months

^[2]

Risk-free interest rate

3.02%

^[3]

3.02%

^[4]

Volatility

69.50%

^[5]

69.50%

^[6]

[1]	The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.
[2]	The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.
[3]	The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.
[4]	The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.
[5]	Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.
[6]	Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Other Information - USD ($)	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Other Information [Line Items]
Operating cash flows – operating leases	$ 355,133	$ 111,391	$ 202,844	$ 100,292
Operating cash flows – finance leases	8,507	1,791	2,248	3,636
Financing cash flows – finance leases	5,375	7,396	9,691	5,839
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	14,001	18,187	18,467	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Operates in a Single Business Segment - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Operates in a Single Business Segment [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 2,712,572	$ 553,687	$ 6,687,485	$ 4,226,447	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Long-lived assets	1,924,039		1,924,039		1,978,584	1,837,271
United States [Member]
Schedule of Operates in a Single Business Segment [Abstract]
Revenues	2,552,138	434,544	6,290,200	3,788,521	4,839,561	3,326,427
Long-lived assets	1,685,126		1,685,126		1,795,267	1,811,607
United Kingdom [Member]
Schedule of Operates in a Single Business Segment [Abstract]
Revenues		23,231	33,047	160,616	195,550	485,628
Long-lived assets	3,288		3,288		1,335
Denmark [Member]
Schedule of Operates in a Single Business Segment [Abstract]
Revenues	160,434	$ 95,912	364,238	$ 277,310	338,272	378,710
Long-lived assets	$ 235,625		$ 235,625		$ 181,982	$ 25,664

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value of Class D Incentive Units Granted - Class D Incentive Units [Member]

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Fair Value of Class D Incentive Units Granted [Line Items]

Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)

5 years 6 months

^[1]

5 years 6 months

^[2]

Risk-free interest rate

3.02%

^[3]

3.02%

^[4]

Volatility

69.50%

^[5]

69.50%

^[6]

[1]	The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.
[2]	The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.
[3]	The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.
[4]	The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.
[5]	Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.
[6]	Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

$ / shares

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Stock Option Activity [Line Items]

Nonvested Beginning, Shares | shares

250,000

Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Beginning | $ / shares

$ 13.28

Granted, Shares | shares

Granted, Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares

Vested, Shares | shares

Vested, Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares

Cancelled, Shares | shares

200,000

^[1]

Cancelled , Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares

$ 12.49

^[1]

Nonvested Ending, Shares | shares

50,000

Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested Ending | $ / shares

$ 12.49

[1]	Cancelled units represents unvested units granted to cliff vest on the grant anniversary date. However, the employees were terminated before the grant date anniversary. As a result, the previously recognized expenses of $421,371 was reversed.

Non-Controlling Interest (Details) - Schedule of Series B Preferred Stock - Series B Preferred Stock [Member] - Levo Mobility LLC [Member] - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, Stated Value per Share (in Dollars per share)	$ 1,000	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Temporary equity, Initial Carrying Value	$ 3,138,000	$ 3,138,000	$ 3,138,000
Temporary equity, accretion of dividends	326,606	538,668	326,606
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,464,606	$ 3,676,668	$ 3,464,606

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Non-Controlling Interest

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Non-Controlling Interest [Line Items]

Non-Controlling Interest

Note 18 — Non-Controlling Interest

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

Levo Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

Levo is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at no par value.

The Series B Preferred Stock (a) pays a dividend, when, as and if declared by Levo’s Board of Directors, of 8.0% per annum of the stated value per share, payable quarterly in arrears, (b) has an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, and dividends are paid in cash. Levo accrues for undeclared and unpaid dividends as they are payable in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. At September 30, 2023, Levo had accumulated unpaid accrued preferred dividends of $538,668, included in accrued liabilities, on 3,138 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Series B Preferred Stock is not a participating or convertible securities. Series B Preferred Stock is not currently redeemable but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo or the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event as defined in the preferred

stock agreement. Since the redeemable preferred stock may be redeemed by the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event that is not solely within the control of Levo, but is not mandatorily redeemable; therefore, based on its characteristics, Levo has classified the Series B Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity.

At September 30, 2023, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized		Shares Issued and Outstanding		Stated Value per Share			Initial Carrying Value			Cumulative Unpaid Accrued Preferred Dividends			Liquidation Preference
1,000,000		3,138		$	1,000		$	3,138,000		$	538,668		$	3,676,668

The redeemable preferred stock has been initially recognized at fair value of $3,138,000, the proceeds on the date of issuance. This amount has been further reduced by $497,606, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability at date of issuance, resulting in an adjusted initial value of $2,640,394. Levo is accreting the difference between the adjusted carrying initial value and the redemption price value over the seven-year period from date of issuance of August 4, 2021 through July 4, 2028 (the date at which the preferred shareholders have the unconditional right to redeem the shares, deemed to be the earliest likely redemption date) using the effective interest method. The accretion to the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to retained earnings of Levo. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Levo accreted $484,398 resulting in the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock of $4,032,163.

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Beginning Balance	$	(3,950,186	)		(2,501,633	)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$	23,039			(538,841	)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests		212,062			263,846
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment		484,398			645,866
Non-controlling interests	$	(4,623,607	)	$	(3,950,186	)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of September 30, 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022			2023		2022
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$	8,285	$	(168,985	)	$	23,039	$	(459,863	)

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	3,547,765	$	2,901,899
Preferred share Accretion adjustment		484,398		645,866
Ending balance	$	4,032,163	$	3,547,765

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

Subject to the grantee not incurring a termination prior to the applicable vesting date, the Incentive Units will vest as follows: (i) 80% of the Incentive Units will vest in equal 25.0% installments on each of the first four (4) anniversaries of the grant date (such that 80% of the total number of Incentive Units issued to the grantee hereunder will be vested on the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date) and (ii) the remaining 20% of the Incentive Units will vest upon a Change of Control. Therefore, the expenses recorded will only reflect the 80% vesting portion.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded compensation expenses, included in selling, general, and administrative, under the Profits Interests of $31,226 and $95,908, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded compensation expenses, included in selling, general, and administrative, under the Profits Interests of $152,315 and $293,165, respectively.

The Company uses the Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)(1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate(2)	3.02	%
Volatility(3)	69.50	%

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2022, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28
Granted	—	—
Vested	—	—
Cancelled(1)	200,000	12.49
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2023	50,000	12.49

As of September 30, 2023, there was $314,607 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Class D Incentive Units. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 2.25 years.

Note 18 — Non-Controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

Levo Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

Levo is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of series B preferred stock at no par value.

The Series B Preferred Stock (a) pays a dividend, when, as and if declared by Levo’s Board of Directors, of 8.0% per annum of the stated value per share, payable quarterly in arrears, (b) has an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, and dividends are paid in cash. Levo accrues for undeclared and unpaid dividends as they are payable in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. At December 31, 2022, Levo had cumulative unpaid accrued preferred dividends of $326,606 on 3,138 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Series B Preferred Stock is not a participating or convertible securities. Series B Preferred Stock is not currently redeemable but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo or the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. Since the redeemable preferred stock may be redeemed by the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event that is not solely within the control of Levo, but is not mandatorily redeemable; therefore, based on its characteristics, Levo has classified the Series B Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity.

At December 31, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized		Shares Issued and Outstanding		Stated Value per Share			Initial Carrying Value			Accrued Preferred Dividends			Liquidation Preference
1,000,000		3,138		$	1,000		$	3,138,000		$	326,606		$	3,464,606

The redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity, and initially recognized at fair value of $3,138,000, the proceeds on the date of issuance. This amount has been further reduced by $497,606 the fair value of the embedded derivative liability at date of issuance, resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value of $2,640,394.

Levo is accreting the difference between the adjusted carrying initial value and the redemption price value over the seven-year period from date of issuance of August 4, 2021 through July 4, 2028 (the date at which the preferred shareholders have the unconditional right to redeem the shares, deemed to be the earliest likely redemption date) using the effective interest method. The accretion to the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to retained earnings of Levo. As of December 31, 2022, Levo has accreted $645,866 resulting in the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock of $3,547,765.

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:

	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(538,841	)		(2,138,272	)
Less: dividends paid or accrued to non-controlling interests		263,846			101,856
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment		645,866			261,505
Non-controlling interests	$	(1,448,553	)	$	(2,501,633	)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

		December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		$	(538,841	)		$	(2,138,272	)

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	2,901,899	$	—
Beginning redemption value (at fair value)		—		3,138,000
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares – embedded derivatives		—		497,606
Adjusted initial carrying value		2,901,899		2,640,394
Preferred share accretion adjustment		645,866		261,505
Ending balance	$	3,547,765	$	2,901,899

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

Subject to the grantee not incurring a termination prior to the applicable vesting date, the Incentive Units vest as follows: (i) 80% of the Incentive Units will vest in equal 25% installments on each of the first four (4) anniversaries of the grant date (such that 80% of the total number of Incentive Units issued to the grantee hereunder will be vested on the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date) and (ii) the remaining 20% of the Incentive Units will vest upon a Change of Control. Therefore, the expenses recorded will only reflect the 80% vesting portion.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded compensation expense, included in selling, general, and administrative, under the Profits Interests of $445,479.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years)(1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate(2)	3.02	%
Volatility(3)	69.50	%

____________

(1) The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during year ended December 31, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at December 31, 2022	250,000	13.28

As of December 31, 2022, there was $1,991,555 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Class D Incentive Units. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 3.3 years.

Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders’ Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at September 30, 2023:

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	—	2,875,000	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	—	136,250	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	—	1,353,750	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series B	2,000,000	—	2,000,000	$	10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series C	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series D	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series E	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series F	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	40.00	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	—	4,000,000	$	3.75	July 29, 2027
	14,365,000		12,365,000

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	—	2,875,000	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	—	136,250	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	—	1,353,750	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series B	2,000,000	—	2,000,000	$	10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series C	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series D	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series E	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series F	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	40.00	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants	1,850,000	1,850,000	—	$	0.0001	Until Exercised in Full
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	—	4,000,000	$	3.75	January 29, 2028
	16,215,000	1,850,000	12,365,000

Leases

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Line Items]

Leases

Note 16 — Leases

The Company has entered into leases for commercial office spaces and vehicles. These leases are not unilaterally cancellable by the Company, are legally enforceable, and specify fixed or minimum amounts. The leases expire at various dates through 2031 and provide for renewal options. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties.

The leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain minimum increases. Also, the agreements generally require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs.

Supplemental unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	4,959,255		5,305,881
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net		14,001		18,467
Total lease assets		$	4,973,256	$	5,324,348

Operating lease liabilities – current	Operating lease liabilities – current	$	859,820		824,326
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent		4,746,575		5,090,170
Finance lease liabilities – current	Other liabilities		7,081		7,184
Finance lease liabilities – noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities		8,821		12,959
Total lease liabilities		$	5,622,297	$	5,934,639

The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Classification	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	228,633	$	241,852	$	685,900	$	582,449
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative		1,414		1,413		4,242		8,804
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest income, net		424		553		1,373		1,791
Total lease expense		$	230,471	$	243,818	$	691,515	$	593,044

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
2023	$	212,650		$	1,770
2024		892,212			7,080
2025		893,046			7,081
2026		921,273			1,770
2027		946,683			—
Thereafter		3,798,553			—
Total lease payments		7,664,417			17,701
Less: interest		(2,058,022	)		(1,799	)
Total lease obligations	$	5,606,395		$	15,902

Lease term and discount rate:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	8.0		9.0
Finance lease	2.5		3.3

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8	%	7.8	%
Finance lease	7.8	%	7.8	%

Other Information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows – operating leases	$	355,133	$	111,391
Operating cash flows – finance leases	$	8,507	$	1,791
Financing cash flows – finance leases	$	5,375	$	7,396

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	14,001	$	18,187
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

In April 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with certain local San Diego companies to sublease a portion of the Company’s 4,811 square foot expansion. The term of the sublease is six months to twelve months with fixed base rental income ranging from $2,250 to $14,500 per month. The sublease has no option for renewal or extension at the end of the sublease term.

Sublease income are as follows:

		Classification		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023			Three Months Ended September 30, 2022			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Sublease lease income		Other, net		$	134,402		$	64,750		$	366,087		$	84,875

Lessor

In February 2022, the Company entered into a 10 year master services agreement (“MSA”) with a certain school district for FaaS to electrify their school bus fleet. A statement of work (“SOW”) for engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) was also executed in conjunction with the MSA. As part of this SOW, the Company will provide electric vehicle supply equipment (“EVSE”) and related warranties, infrastructure engineering and construction, installation of EVSE, and subscription services to Nuvve’s V2G GIVe platform. The MSA has both lease and non-lease components. The lease component is the EVSE and non-lease components are the EPCs. The Company accounted for the lease components as a sale-type lease with the investment in lease of $114,865 and $97,054 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The related interest receivable was $53,951 and $31,227 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Lease income are as follows:

	Classification	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Lease income	Products and services	$	—	$	—	$	24,027	$	—
Interest income	Products and services		3,797				10,228		—
Total lease income		$	3,797	$	—	$	34,255	$	—

Note 16 — Leases

On May 16, 2021, the Company entered into a ten year lease for an additional 10,250 rentable square feet for its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. Also, the lease required the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced in December 2021. The monthly base rent will be abated for the second through and including the eleventh full calendar months of the term and the Company’s pro rata share of certain operating expenses will be abated for the first twelve full calendar months of the lease term starting with the second month of the lease term. The Company was required to provide an irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit in the amount of $380,000 to the landlord upon execution of the lease, and this amount is recorded as restricted cash. The lease has been classified as an operating lease and included in the lease tables and the related disclosures below.

On November 3, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of its Main Office Lease to include an additional 4,811 rentable square feet in the suite adjoining its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease term will run concurrently with the main office lease which commenced in December 2021. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. The lease also requires the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced on April 15, 2022, and the Company will receive two months of rental abatement to the base rent. The Company was required to provide an additional letter of credit in the amount of $100,000 to the landlord upon commencement of the lease, and this amount is recorded as restricted cash.

In July 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement in Westland, Michigan for 10,000 square feet of warehouse space for the purpose of having its own controlled warehouse facility for its finished inventories. The term of the lease is 36 months with a fixed rent of $5,625 per month. There is an option to renew the lease for an additional 36 months, and it is probable that the Company will exercise the renewal option. There is no option to purchase the premises at lease termination.

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,305,881	$	3,483,042
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net		18,467		25,664
Total lease assets		$	5,324,348	$	3,508,706

Operating lease liabilities – current	Operating lease liabilities – current	$	824,326		41,513
Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent		5,090,170		3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities – current	Other liabilities – current		7,184		7,634
Finance lease liabilities – noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities		12,959		18,860
Total lease liabilities		$	5,934,639	$	3,509,649

The components of lease expense are as follows:

	Classification	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	811,082	$	219,712
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative		5,594		2,998
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense		2,248		3,636
Total lease expense		$	818,924	$	226,346

	Operating Lease			Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2022
2023	$	860,418		$	7,184
2024		892,212			7,184
2025		893,046			7,184
2026		921,273			1,796
2027		946,683			—
Thereafter		3,798,554			—
Total lease payments		8,312,186			23,348
Less: interest		(2,397,690	)		(3,205	)
Total lease liabilities	$	5,914,496		$	20,143

Lease term and discount rate:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.0		9.9
Finance lease	3.3		4.5

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8	%	7.8	%
Finance lease	7.8	%	7.8	%

Other Information:

	Years Ended December 31, 2022		Years Ended December 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	202,844	$	100,292
Operating cash flows from finance leases related to interest expense	$	2,248	$	3,636
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	9,691	$	5,839

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	18,467	$	25,664
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

Sublease income are as follows:

		Classification		Year Ended December 31, 2022			Year Ended December 31, 2021
Sublease lease income		Other, net		$	143,192		$	—

Lessor

In 2022, the Company entered into a 10 years master services agreement (“MSA”) with a certain school district for FaaS to electrify their school bus fleet. A statement of work (“SOW”) for engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) was also executed in conjunction with the MSA. As part of this SOW, the Company will provide electric vehicle supply equipment (“EVSE”) and related warranties, infrastructure engineering and construction, installation of EVSE, and subscription services to Nuvve’s V2G GIVe platform. The MSA has both lease and non-lease components. The lease component is the EVSE and non-lease components are the EPCs. The Company accounted for the lease components as a sale-type lease with the investment in lease of $97,054 at December 31, 2022.

Lease income are as follows:

	Classification	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021
Lease income	Products and services	$	99,981	$	—
Interest income	Products and services		3,341		—
Total lease income		$	103,322	$	—

Revenue Recognition (Details) - Schedule of Company Operates In a Single Business Segment - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 2,712,572	$ 553,687	$ 6,687,485	$ 4,226,447	$ 5,373,383	$ 4,190,765
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	1,924,039		1,924,039		1,978,584	1,837,271
United States [Member]
Revenues:
Revenues	2,552,138	434,544	6,290,200	3,788,521	4,839,561	3,326,427
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	1,685,126		1,685,126		1,795,267	1,811,607
United Kingdom [Member]
Revenues:
Revenues		23,231	33,047	160,616	195,550	485,628
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	3,288		3,288		1,335
Denmark [Member]
Revenues:
Revenues	160,434	$ 95,912	364,238	$ 277,310	338,272	378,710
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	$ 235,625		$ 235,625		$ 181,982	$ 25,664

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Inventories (Details) - Schedule of Inventories - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,833,937	$ 11,551,831	$ 11,118,188
DC Chargers [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	6,181,368	9,248,398	7,687,598
AC Chargers [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	220,720	123,247	232,920
Vehicles – School Buses [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total		1,620,000	3,180,000
Others [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Total		$ 560,186	$ 17,670

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (8,575,188)	$ (6,720,547)	$ (24,697,046)	$ (17,071,274)	$ (24,928,377)	$ (72,842,401)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic	32,191,013	21,952,882	28,172,399	19,972,016	20,971,896	16,654,495
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic	$ (0.27)	$ (0.31)	$ (0.88)	$ (0.85)	$ (1.19)	$ (4.37)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

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+ Details

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Gross intangible asset	$ 2,091,556		$ 2,091,556		$ 2,091,556	$ 2,091,556
Amortization expense of intangible assets	34,860	$ 34,860	104,578	$ 104,578	139,437	139,437
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	854,494		854,494		749,916	$ 610,480
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 1,237,061		$ 1,237,061		$ 1,341,640
Acquire finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life			9 years 36 days		9 years 292 days

Stockholders’ Equity

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders’ Equity [Line Items]

Stockholders’ Equity

Note 11 — Stockholders’ Equity

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has authorized two classes of stock, Common Stock, and Preferred Stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 101,000,000, of which 100,000,000 authorized shares are Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 1,000,000 authorized shares are Preferred Stock of the par value of $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). Please see Note 11, “Stockholders’ Equity,” in the Notes to Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Shelf Registration

On April 25, 2022, the Company filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC which will allow it to issue unspecified amounts of common stock, preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, and units consisting of any combination of any of the foregoing securities, in one or more series, from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on May 5, 2022. The Company believes that it will be able to raise capital by issuing securities pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement.

2023 ATM Offering Program

On January 31, 2023, the Company entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), as the sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agent, shares of its common stock (the “Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $25,000,000. The Company paid the Agent a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross sales prices of the Shares. The Company reimbursed the Agent for fees and disbursements of its legal counsel in the amount of $50,000. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold 1,512,172 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement at an average price of $0.64 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $0.9 million.

February 2023 Registered Direct Offering

On February 17, 2023, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with a certain institutional and accredited investor, relating to the issuance and sale of 543,478 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering (the “February 2023 Offering”). The offering price for the shares was $0.92 per share of common stock. The closing of the February 2023 Offering occurred on February 21, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the February 2023 Offering was approximately $0.5 million. Chardan Capital Markets LLC acted as the placement agent for the February 2023 Offering and received a sales commission of 6.0% of the gross proceeds.

April 2023 Registered Direct Offering

On April 14, 2023, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with a certain institutional and accredited investor, relating to the issuance and sale of 1,818,181 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering (the “April 2023 Offering”). The offering price for the shares was $0.55 per share of common stock. The closing of the April 2023 Offering occurred on April 17, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the April 2023 Offering was approximately $1.0 million. Chardan Capital Markets LLC acted as the placement agent for the April 2023 Offering and received a sales commission of 6.0% of the gross proceeds.

June 2023 Registered Direct Offering

On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with a certain institutional and accredited investor, relating to the issuance and sale of 2,492,530 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering (the “June 2023 Offering”). The offering price for the shares was $0.40 per share of common stock. The closing of the June 2023 Offering occurred on June 6, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the June 2023 Offering was approximately $1.0 million. Chardan Capital Markets LLC acted as the placement agent for the June 2023 Offering and received a sales commission of 6.0% of the gross proceeds.

Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants

On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a certain institutional and accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), relating to the issuance and sale of 2,150,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,850,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”). The Offering closed on July 29, 2022. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were approximately $13.1 million, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrants. The Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised as of December 31, 2022.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $3.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, and each Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The Warrants are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance and terminates five years from the initial exercisability date. The Warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the unvested warrants recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Warrants — Stonepeak and Evolve

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a letter of agreement, relating to the formation of Levo (the “Letter Agreement”), the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve ten year warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the warrants issued to Stonepeak and Evolve were: series B $12.8 million, series C $5.6 million, series D $4.8 million, series E $3.8 million and series F $3.2 million. The fair values of the vested warrants are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity as the vested warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification. The unvested warrants are recorded as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as the unvested warrants are deemed not to be indexed to the Company’s common stock. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the unvested warrants recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve the following ten year warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve):

• Series B warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, which are fully vested upon issuance,

• Series C warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $15.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $125 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

• Series D warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $20.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $250 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

• Series E warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $30.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $375 million in aggregate capital expenditures, and

• Series F warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $40.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate capital expenditures.

The warrants may be exercised at any time on or after the date that is 180 days after the applicable vesting date.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Stonepeak and Evolve which provide them from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the Securities Purchase Agreement to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock was $12.6 million, and is recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as equity in additional-paid-in capital as it is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

• The SPA includes customary representations and warranties and closing conditions and customary indemnification provisions. In addition, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect to purchase shares under the SPA on a cashless basis in the event of a change of control of the Company.

Warrants — Public and Private

In connection with its initial public offering on February 19, 2020, Newborn sold 5,750,000 units, which included one warrant to purchase Newborn’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”). Also, on February 19, 2020, NeoGenesis Holding Co., Ltd., Newborn’s sponsor (“the Sponsor”), purchased an aggregate of 272,500 private units, each of which included one warrant (the “Private Warrants”), which have the same terms as the Public Warrants. Upon completion of the merger between Nuvve and Newborn, the Public Warrants and Private Warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company.

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants as described above, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase 1,425,000 of Newborn’s common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 (the “PIPE”). Upon closing of the PIPE immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE investors also received 1.9 PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Stock for each share of Common Stock purchased. The PIPE Warrants are each exercisable for one-half of a common share at $11.50 per share and have the same terms as described above for the Public Warrants. The PIPE investors received demand and piggyback registration rights in connection with the securities issued to them.

Because the Private Warrants have dissimilar terms with respect to the Company’s redemption rights depending on the holder of the Private Warrants, the Company determined that the Private Warrants are required to be carried as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Private Warrants are reflected as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 and the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants is reflected in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the Private Warrants recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at September 30, 2023:

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	—	2,875,000	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	—	136,250	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	—	1,353,750	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series B	2,000,000	—	2,000,000	$	10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series C	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series D	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series E	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series F	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	40.00	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	—	4,000,000	$	3.75	July 29, 2027
	14,365,000		12,365,000

Unit Purchase Option

On February 19, 2020, Newborn sold to the underwriters of its initial public offering for $100, a unit purchase option (“UPO”) to purchase up to a total of 316,250 units at $11.50 per unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $3,636,875) commencing on the date of Newborn’s initial business combination, March 19, 2021, and expiring February 13, 2025. Each unit issuable upon exercise of the UPO consists of one and one-tenth of a share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at the exercise price of $11.50 per share. The warrant has the same terms as the Public Warrant. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of the UPO or the warrants underlying the UPO. The holders of the unit purchase option have demand and “piggy back” registration rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the IPO, including securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The UPO is classified within stockholders’ equity as “additional paid-in capital” in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as the UPO is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

Note 11 — Stockholders’ Equity

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has authorized two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, common stock, and preferred stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 101,000,000, of which 100,000,000 authorized shares are Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 1,000,000 authorized shares are Preferred Stock of the par value of $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”).

Preferred Stock

The Board of Directors is expressly granted authority to issue shares of the Preferred Stock, in one or more series, and to fix for each such series such voting powers, full or limited, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors providing for the issue of such series (a “Preferred Stock Designation”) and as may be permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State

of Delaware. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, without a separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to any Preferred Stock Designation. No preferred stock of Nuvve Holding have been issued and or are outstanding.

Common Stock

General: The voting, dividend, liquidation, conversion, and stock split rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock of any series as may be designated by the Board of Directors upon any issuance of the Preferred Stock of any series. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Company entitled to vote.

Voting: Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held by such holder. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Company (as in effect at the time in question) (the “Bylaws”) and applicable law on all matters put to a vote of the stockholders of the Company.

Dividends: Subject to the rights of any holders of any shares of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence and be outstanding, the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to the payment of dividends when and as declared by the Board of Directors in accordance with applicable law and to receive other distributions from the Company. Any dividends declared by the Board of Directors to the holders of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be paid to the holders thereof pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder as of the record date of such dividend.

Liquidation: Subject to the rights of any holders of any shares of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence and be outstanding, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the funds and assets of the Corporation that may be legally distributed to the Corporation’s stockholders shall be distributed among the holders of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder.

Shelf Registration and At the Market Offering

On April 25, 2022, the Company filed a shelf registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) which will allow it to issue unspecified amounts of common stock, preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, and units consisting of any combination of any of the foregoing securities, in one or more series, from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on May 5, 2022. The Company believes that it will be able to raise capital by issuing securities pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement (“Sales Agreement”), with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (the “Agents”). From time to time during the term of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. The Agents will collect a fee equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price of all shares of common stock sold. Shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement are offered and sold pursuant to the Registration Statement described above. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 792,882 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement at an average price of $4.97 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $3.8 million. The Sales Agreement terminated on its terms in June 2022.

Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants

On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), relating to the issuance and sale of 2,150,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock (the “Common Stock”), pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,850,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants (the “July 2022 Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock in a registered direct offering (the “July 2022 Offering”). The offering closed on July 29, 2022.

The offering price for the Shares, and accompanying July 2022 Warrants, was $3.50 per Share and the offering price for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and accompanying was $3.4999 per Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the per Share public offering price less $0.0001 per share exercise price for each Pre-Funded Warrant. Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions. The July 2022 Warrants have an exercise price of $3.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, and each July 2022 Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The July 2022 Warrants are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance and the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance. The Pre-Funded Warrants terminate when fully exercised and the July 2022 Warrants terminate five years from the initial exercisability date. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the July 2022 Offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were approximately $13.1 million, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrants. The Company used the net proceeds from the July 2022 Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. The fair values of the Pre-Funded warrants are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity as the Pre-Funded warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification. The Warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the unvested warrants recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) was the exclusive placement agent for the Offering.

The July 2022 Offering was made pursuant to the Registration Statement, a base prospectus included as part of the registration statement, and a final prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 28, 2022, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Placement Agency Agreement

In connection with the July 2022 Offering, the Company also entered into a Placement Agency Agreement with the Placement Agent. Pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company paid to the Placement Agent a fee equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the July 2022 Offering in the form of cash.

Warrants — Stonepeak and Evolve

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a letter of agreement, relating to the formation of Levo (the “Letter Agreement”), the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve ten years warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the warrants issued to Stonepeak and Evolve were: series B $12.8 million, series C $5.6 million, series D $4.8 million, series E $3.8 million and series F $3.2 million. The fair values of the vested warrants are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity as the warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification. The unvested warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as the unvested warrants are deemed not to be indexed to the Company’s common stock. See Note 4 for details.

• Series B warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, which are fully vested upon issuance,

The warrants may be exercised at any time on or after the date that is 180 days after the applicable vesting date.

Under the terms of the Letter Agreement, Stonepeak and Evolve will fund acquisition and construction costs up to an aggregate conditional capital commitment of $750 million. Stonepeak and Evolve will have the option to upsize their conditional capital commitments when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate conditional capital expenditures. See Note 19 of our 2021 Form 10-K/A for further description of the terms of the capital commitment with Stonepeak and Evolve.

Warrants — Public and Private

Each of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants entitles the holder to purchase one-half of a share of Nuvve’s Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The term of the warrants commenced on March 19, 2021, the date of completion of the Business Combination, and expire on March 19, 2026. The Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days’ notice, only in the event that the last sale price of the ordinary shares is at least $16.50 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such Warrants during the 30 day redemption period. If the Company decides to redeem the warrants as described above, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.”

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants as described above, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement (Note 2), on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase 1,425,000 of Newborn’s common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 (the PIPE). Upon closing of the PIPE immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination (Note 2), the PIPE investors also received 1.9 PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Stock for each share of Common Stock purchased. The PIPE Warrants are each exercisable for one-half of a common share at $11.50 per share and have the same terms as described above for the Public Warrants. The PIPE investors received demand and piggyback registration rights in connection with the securities issued to them.

Because the Private Warrants have dissimilar terms with respect to the Company’s redemption rights depending on the holder of the Private Warrants, the Company determined that the Private Warrants are required to be carried as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. The Private Warrant is reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 in the amount of $2,000 and $866,000 respectively, and the change in the fair value of the Private Warrant for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of is reflected as a gain of $864,000 and $387,228 respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	—	2,875,000	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	—	136,250	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	—	1,353,750	$	11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series B	2,000,000	—	2,000,000	$	10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series C	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series D	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series E	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants – series F	1,000,000	—	500,000	$	40.00	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-Funded Warrants	1,850,000	1,850,000	—	$	0.0001	Until Exercised in Full
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,000,000	—	4,000,000	$	3.75	January 29, 2028
	16,215,000	1,850,000	12,365,000

Unit Purchase Option

On February 19, 2020, Newborn sold to the underwriters of its initial public offering for $100, a unit purchase option (“UPO”) to purchase up to a total of 316,250 units at $11.50 per unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $3,636,875) commencing on the date of Newborn’s initial business combination, March 19, 2021, and expiring February 13, 2025. Each unit issuable upon exercise of the UPO consists of one and one-tenth of a share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at the exercise price of $11.50 per share. The warrant has the same terms as the Public Warrant. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of the UPO or the warrants underlying the UPO. The holders of the unit purchase option have demand and “piggy back” registration rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the IPO, including securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The UPO is classified within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets as “additional paid-in capital” in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as the UPO is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

Put Option

On March 19, 2021, the Closing Date of the Business Combination, EDF Renewables exercised its put option on the Company’s common shares held by them (see Note 2). As a result, on April 26, 2021, the Company reacquired 134,449 shares of the Company’s Common Stock from EDF Renewables for $2,000,000 in cash, at a price per share of approximately $14.87 (the average closing price over the five trading days preceding the date of exercise). Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, purchased from Nuvve the 134,499 shares at $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a Letter Agreement relating to the formation of a venture, Levo, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Stonepeak and Evolve which provides them from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, with the option in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). The grant-date fair value of the options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock was $12.6 million, and is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as equity in additional-paid-in capital, as it is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

In connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, as reference above, the Company also entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “RRA”) with Stonepeak and Evolve. The SPA includes customary representations and warranties and closing conditions and customary indemnification provisions. In addition, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect to purchase shares under the SPA on a cashless basis in the event of a change of control of the Company.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
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+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 17 — Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including product liability claims. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. Please see Note 17(e) below for details regarding a legal proceeding currently pending with a Company supplier. Also, please refer to Note 17(g) below for details regarding a new legal proceeding arising after the current quarter with another Company supplier.

(b) Research Agreement

Effective September 1, 2016, the Company is party to a research agreement with a third party, which is also a Company stockholder, whereby the third party will perform research activity as specified annually by the Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid a minimum of $400,000 annually in equal quarterly installments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, $300,000 each was paid under the research agreement. In October 2022, the agreement was renewed for one year through August 2023. At September 30, 2023, zero remained to be paid under the renewed agreement.

The Company is a party to a licensing agreement for non-exclusive rights to intellectual property which will expire at the later of the date at which the last patent underlying the intellectual property expires or 20 years from the sale of the first licensed product. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate of $700,000 in royalties upon achievement of certain milestones. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

In November 2017, the Company executed an agreement (“IP Acquisition Agreement”) with the University of Delaware (“Seller”) whereby all rights, title, and interest in the licensed intellectual property was assigned to the Company in exchange for an upfront fee of $500,000 and common shares valued at $1,491,556. The total acquisition cost of $1,991,556 was capitalized and is being amortized over the fifteen year expected life of the patents underlying the intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000		750,000
40,000		750,000
60,000		750,000
80,000		750,000
100,000		1,000,000
200,000		1,000,000
250,000		2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

The Seller will retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license, to utilize the intellectual property solely for research and education purposes. As of September 30, 2023, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

(d) Investment

The Company is committed to possible future additional contributions to the Investment in Dreev (Note 6) in the amount of $270,000.

(e) Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier, Rhombus Energy Solutions, Inc. (“Rhombus”), for a quantity of DC fast chargers and dispensers for EVs (the “DC Chargers”), for a total price of $13.2 million, with the delivery date specified as the week of November 15, 2021. However, the supplier subsequently notified Nuvve that it would be unable to meet the contracted delivery date as a result of supply chain issues. The parties therefore agreed to change the delivery date to on or about December 15, 2021. As of the end of December 31, 2021, Nuvve received a partial shipment of the DC Chargers, for which Nuvve paid $6.3 million. The delivered DC Chargers did not fully conform to required software and hardware specifications. In April 2022, the parties agreed to address the technical issues necessary to bring the DC charges into full conformity with specifications, and to amend the mix defined in the original PO for the delivery of the remaining DC Chargers still subject to the original PO. As of September 30, 2023, the supplier is still in the process of bringing the delivered DC Chargers into full conformance.

No amendments to the original PO have been executed. To the extent Nuvve and the supplier are unable to align on mutually agreeable terms to resolve the dispute relating to the PO, Nuvve believes it has no obligation to purchase or accept delivery against the PO given that the supplier failed to timely deliver conforming DC Chargers in accordance with the stated PO terms. The supplier asserts, however, that the original PO was non-cancellable and non-refundable regardless of the DC Chargers’ delivery date, and regardless of any non-conformance. On November 2, 2022, Rhombus filed a demand for arbitration against the Company for breach of contract in connection with the dispute. Rhombus has alleged the Company failed to pay certain purchase orders for D.C. electric vehicle chargers (“V2G Chargers”) totaling approximately $5.0 million. In response, the Company has asserted counterclaims for breach of express warranty, fraudulent inducement (misrepresentation), fraudulent inducement (concealment), violation of California’s Business and Professions Code § 17200, promissory estoppel, and unjust enrichment. The Company has alleged Rhombus fraudulently induced the Company into the purchase of the V2G Chargers by both omitting certain facts including but not limited to Rhombus’ inability to develop, commission, maintain, and service the technology necessary to provide V2G Chargers conforming to those promised under the parties’ contract. Rhombus and the Company are actively engaged in discovery. A final arbitration hearing date has been set for April 29 through May 4, 2024. Nuvve believes the supplier’s position does not have merit and Nuvve intends to exercise all available rights and remedies in

its defense. The outcome of any such proceeding is inherently uncertain, and the amount and/or timing of any liability or expense resulting from such a proceeding is not reasonably estimable at this time. In addition, regardless of the outcome, such proceedings or claims can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources and other factors.

(f) Due to Customers

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received $21.83 million in Environmental Protection Agency’s 2022 Clean School Bus Rebates on behalf of its customers. The Company is partnering with these customers to implement their Clean School Bus programs. Through September 30, 2023, the Company had invoiced and retained $0.92 million for products and services provided to these customers under the grant award, and a balance of $9.83 million represents the amount due to customers, which the Company has recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(g) School Bus Storage Litigation

In October and November 2021, the Company purchased an aggregate of five school buses from Blue Bird Bus Sales of Pittsburgh, Inc. (“Blue Bird”). Thereafter, the Company entered into agreements to sell these buses to certain third-party purchasers. However, Blue Bird refused to release four of the buses and to provide us with a manufacturer statement of origin (an “MSO”) for all five buses, claiming that we owed them approximately $0.45 million in storage fees allegedly incurred since January 2022. The Company disputed that it had an obligation to pay the storage fees as well as the amount of fees demanded by Blue Bird, and filed a petition for preliminary injunction with the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

On November 1, 2023, the court granted the Company’s petition for preliminary injunction requiring Blue Bird to release and provide keys for the four buses and to provide the MSOs for all five buses, contingent on the Company posting an injunction bond in the amount of $0.55 million within seven days of the order. The Company timely posted the injunction bond on November 7, 2023. The Company anticipate that the storage fee dispute with Blue Bird will be adjudicated in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Note 17 — Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Legal Matters

(b) Research Agreement

Effective September 1, 2016, the Company is party to a research agreement with a third party, which is also a Company stockholder, whereby the third party will perform research activity as specified annually by the Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid a minimum of $400,000 annually in equal quarterly installments. For each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, $400,000 was paid under the research agreement. At December 31, 2022, we have $266,667 remaining to be paid under a renewed agreement.

The Company is a party to a licensing agreement for non-exclusive rights to intellectual property which will expire at the later of the date at which the last patent underlying the intellectual property expires or 20 years from the sale of the first licensed product. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate of $700,000 in royalties upon achievement of certain milestones. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

In November 2017, the Company executed an agreement (“IP Acquisition Agreement”) with the University of Delaware (Seller) whereby all right, title, and interest in the licensed intellectual property was assigned to the Company in exchange for an upfront fee of $500,000 and the Company’s common shares valued at $1,491,556. The total acquisition cost of $1,991,556 was capitalized and is being amortized over the fifteen years expected life of the patents underlying the intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000		750,000
40,000		750,000
60,000		750,000
80,000		750,000
100,000		1,000,000
200,000		1,000,000
250,000		2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

The Seller will retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license, to utilize the intellectual property solely for research and education purposes. As of December 31, 2022, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

(d) Investment

The Company is committed to possible future additional contributions to the Investment in Dreev (Note 6) in the amount of $270,000.

(e) Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier for a quantity of DC Chargers, for a total price of $13.2 million, with the delivery date specified as the week of November 15, 2021. However, the supplier subsequently notified Nuvve that it would be unable to meet the contracted delivery date as a result of supply chain issues. The parties therefore agreed to change the delivery date to on or about December 15, 2021. As of the end of December 31, 2021, Nuvve received a partial shipment of the DC Chargers, for which Nuvve paid $6.3 million. The delivered DC Chargers did not fully conform to required software and hardware specifications. In April 2022, the parties agreed to address the technical issues necessary to bring the DC charges into full conformity with specifications, and to amend the mix defined in the original PO for the delivery of the remaining DC Chargers still subject to the original PO. As of December 31, 2022, the supplier is still in the process of bringing the delivered DC Chargers into full conformance.

Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lease Income - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lease Income - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lease Income [Line Items]
Lease income			$ 24,027		$ 99,981
Interest income	3,797		10,228		3,341
Total lease income	$ 3,797		$ 34,255		$ 103,322

- Definition

Amount of operating interest income, including, but not limited to, amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on securities.

+ References + Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant updates made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

Variable Interest Entities

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	27,225	$	27,629
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,874		59,794
Total Assets	$	29,099	$	87,423

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	13,680	$	8,165
Accrued expenses and dividend payable		538,667		336,713
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		285,640		359,225
Total Liabilities	$	837,987	$	704,103

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest — Mezzanine Equity

Non-controlling interests

Emerging Growth Company

Use of Estimates

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Cash and Restricted Cash

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At September 30, 2023, three customers accounted for 65.5% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2022, three customers accounted for 40.6% of accounts receivable.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

None applicable.

Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

(b) Principles of Consolidation

Variable Interest Entities

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$	27,629	$	28,446
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		59,794		—
Total Assets	$	87,423	$	28,446

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	8,165	$	—
Accrued expenses and dividend payable		336,713	$	116,754
Derivative liability – non-controlling redeemable preferred shares		359,225		511,948
Total Liabilities	$	704,103	$	628,702

(d) Non-controlling interests

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

(e) Business Combination

On March 16, 2021, Newborn held an extraordinary general meeting of its shareholders, at which Newborn’s shareholders approved the Business Combination, along with certain other related proposals.

Also on March 19, 2021, the PIPE closed, and the Company received cash proceeds, net of $2,500 of transaction costs, of $14,247,500.

(f) Emerging Growth Company

(g) COVID-19

(h) Use of Estimates

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

(i) Warrants

(j) Foreign Currency Matters

(k) Cash and Restricted Cash

(l) Accounts Receivable

(m) Concentrations of Credit Risk

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, one customer accounted for 32.1%, and one customer accounted for 12.4% of total revenue, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s top five customers accounted for approximately 54.7% and 44.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At December 31, 2022, three customers in aggregate accounted for 40.6% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable.

(n) Inventories

(o) Property and Equipment, Net

(p) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of patents which are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method. No significant residual value is estimated for intangible assets.

(q) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

(r) Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

(s) Employee Savings Plan

(t) Fair Value Measurement

• Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 — Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or market corroborated inputs.

(u) Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

(v) Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue through the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s contract liabilities consist solely of deferred revenue related to amounts billed or received in advance of services or products delivered.

(w) Cost of Revenue

(x) Contract Costs

(y) Income Taxes

(z) Research and Development

(aa) Stock-Based Compensation

(ab) Leases

(ac) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors

(ad) Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

None applicable.

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment - USD ($)

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Sep. 30, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

20 years

Property, plant and equipment, gross

$ 1,015,910

$ 853,503

$ 442,182

Less: Accumulated Depreciation

(328,933)

(216,559)

(85,988)

Property, plant and equipment, net

686,977

636,944

356,194

Depreciation expense

35,936

$ 46,012

132,465

$ 108,277

Computers & servers [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Property, plant and equipment, gross

$ 154,380

$ 130,417

105,499

Computers & servers [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

1 year

Computers & servers [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

3 years

Vehicles [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Property, plant and equipment, gross

$ 100,230

$ 139,788

168,862

Vehicles [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

5 years

Vehicles [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

7 years

Office furniture and equipment [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Property, plant and equipment, gross

$ 356,473

$ 326,613

161,771

Office furniture and equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

3 years

Office furniture and equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

5 years

DC Chargers [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Property, plant and equipment, gross

^[1]

$ 256,685

6,050

DC Chargers [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

5 years

DC Chargers [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Useful Lives

7 years

Depreciation expense [Member]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]

Depreciation expense

$ 150,099

$ 27,280

[1]	Represents DC Charges temporary loan out to customer while their DC Charges being repaired.

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stonepeak and Evolve Unvested Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements						$ 8,677,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period				8,677,000		(699,628)
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements		218,884		218,884
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period		1,682,700		1,682,700
Private Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements		2,000		2,000		866,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period		170,000		854,000		387,228
Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements						511,948
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period						(14,342)
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements					$ 2,000
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Stonepeak and Evolve Unvested Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements						8,677,000
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	76,271	218,884	76,271	218,884	218,884
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Total recurring fair value measurements [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	361,915	580,109	361,915	580,109	580,109	10,054,948
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Private Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	4	2,000	4	2,000		866,000
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements					359,225	511,948
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements					2,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period					864,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Stonepeak and Evolve Unvested Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period					8,677,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	76,271		76,271		218,884
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period	214,361		142,613		2,445,462
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Total recurring fair value measurements [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	361,915	580,109	361,915	580,109	580,109	10,054,948
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period	281,939	1,812,455	218,194	11,194,391	12,139,185	(326,742)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Private Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	4		4
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period	212		1,996
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements					359,225
Recurring fair value measurements, gains (losses) during period					152,723
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Stonepeak and Evolve Unvested Warrants [Member]
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements

Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	14,365,000	16,215,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	12,365,000	12,365,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable		1,850,000
Public Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	2,875,000	2,875,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Expiration Date	Mar. 19, 2026	Mar. 19, 2026
Private Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	136,250	136,250
Number of Warrants Exercised	136,250	136,250
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Expiration Date	Mar. 19, 2026	Mar. 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750
Number of Warrants Exercised	1,353,750	1,353,750
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.5	$ 11.5
Expiration Date	Mar. 19, 2026	Mar. 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	2,000,000	2,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	2,000,000	2,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 10	$ 10
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	500,000	500,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 15	$ 15
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	500,000	500,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 20	$ 20
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	500,000	500,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 30	$ 30
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	1,000,000	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	500,000	500,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 40	$ 40
Expiration Date	May 17, 2031	May 17, 2031
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of Warrants Outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants	4,000,000	4,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised	4,000,000	4,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.75	$ 3.75
Expiration Date	Jul. 29, 2027	Jan. 29, 2028

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Nuvve common stockholders - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	22,447,033	22,741,324	22,379,953	20,158,040	20,626,830	16,959,978
Stock Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	2,569,904	2,649,652	2,556,719	2,624,818	2,604,927	2,424,410
Nonvested Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	512,129	1,117,868	458,234	952,068	958,273	709,263
Public Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	3,033,548
Private Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	136,250	136,250	136,250	136,250	136,250	143,764
PIPE Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,428,405
Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	5,029,412
Stonepeak and Evolve Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000	4,191,176
Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share	4,000,000	2,739,130	4,000,000	923,077	1,698,630

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 02, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jul. 20, 2021	Sep. 01, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Paid minimum Amount				$ 300,000	$ 400,000	$ 400,000		$ 300,000		$ 400,000
Related party debt outstanding					$ 266,667
Property expires				20 years	20 years
Aggregate royalties				$ 700,000	$ 700,000
Royalty expenses				$ 0	$ 0	0
Fees			$ 500,000
Expected life				15 years	15 years
Royalties amount				$ 7,500,000	$ 7,500,000
Investment amount				270,000	270,000
Total purchase price					1,221,497				$ 13,200,000
Paid purchase commitments						$ 6,300,000
Research agreement renewed		1 year
Purchasing chargers							$ 5,000,000
Amount received				21,830,000
Amount due to customers				9,830,000
School Bus Storage Litigation [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Fees				450,000
Royalty [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Royalty expenses				0
Grant [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Paid renewed agreement				920,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| School Bus Storage Litigation [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Contingent injunction bond	$ 550,000
IP Acquisition Agreement [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
common shares valued			$ 1,491,556
Acquisition cost				1,991,556	1,991,556
Related Party [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Paid renewed agreement				$ 0
Aggregated Vehicles [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Royalty expenses					$ 0

Investments

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments [Line Items]

Investments

Note 6 — Investments

The Company accounts for its 13% equity ownership in Dreev as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company has a consulting services agreement with Dreev related to software development and operations. The consulting services were zero and $43,399, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The consulting services were zero each for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The consulting services are being provided to Dreev at the Company’s cost and is recognized as other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In accordance with an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd (“Switch”), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom through an advance subscription agreement for a future equity ownership expected be more or less than 5% subject to final valuations. Switch will automatically award the Company the equity ownership with conversion shares in equity upon its completion of either a financing round, company sale or Initial Public Offering, or dissolution event. The Company is expected to account for the investment as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company and Switch intend to collaborate in the future to integrate technologies for the advancement of V2G. On March 30, 2023, the Company sold its investment interest in Switch for $1.3 million. A gain of $0.3 million was recorded in Other, net on the statements of operations.

Note 6 — Investments

In accordance with an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch, a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom through an advance subscription agreement for a future equity ownership expected to be more or less than 5% subject to final valuations. Switch will automatically award the Company the equity ownership with conversion shares in equity upon its completion of either a financing round, company sale or IPO, or dissolution event. The Company accounts for the investment as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company and Switch intend to collaborate in the future to integrate technologies for the advancement of V2G.

Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue Recognition [Line Items]

Revenue Recognition

Note 3 — Revenue Recognition

The disclosures below discuss the Company’s material revenue contracts.

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue recognized over time:
Services – engineering	$	301,656	$	43,254	$	931,853	$	215,349
Grid services		564,821		164,380		788,409		260,457
Grants		73,563		65,869		219,082		416,816
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products		1,772,532		280,184		4,748,141		3,333,825
Total revenue	$	2,712,572	$	553,687	$	6,687,485	$	4,226,447

2023 (remaining three months)		268,467
2024		499,285
2025		139,010
2026		81,470
Thereafter		128,278
Total(1)	$	1,116,511

____________

(1) The revenue recognition is subject to the completion of construction and commissioning of the EV infrastructure.

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
United States	$	2,552,138	$	434,544	$	6,290,200	$	3,788,521
United Kingdom		—		23,231		33,047		160,616
Denmark		160,434		95,912		364,238		277,310
	$	2,712,572	$	553,687	$	6,687,485	$	4,226,447

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	1,685,126	$	1,795,267
United Kingdom		3,288		1,335
Denmark		235,625		181,982
	$	1,924,039	$	1,978,584

Note 3 — Revenue Recognition

The disclosures below discuss the Company’s material revenue contracts.

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services	$	784,710	$	797,127
Grants		459,427		1,270,138
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products		4,129,246		2,123,500
Total revenue	$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

2023	$	134,500
2024		49,578
Thereafter		1,037,419
Total	$	1,221,497

Related to the finance receivables, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $609,860 of product revenue related to contracts with customers for which the Company determined that control of the DC Charger transferred to that customer. Of this amount, $320,988 was recorded within accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet as the Company expects to collect it in the short term. The remaining $288,872 represents the discounted amount for the equipment that will be collected over the life of the contract, adjusted for the estimated effect of a significant financing component. This amount is a long-term financing receivable recorded in the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
United States	$	4,839,561	$	3,326,427
United Kingdom		195,550		485,628
Denmark		338,272		378,710
	$	5,373,383	$	4,190,765

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
United States	$	1,795,267	$	1,811,607
United Kingdom		1,335		—
Denmark	$	181,982	$	25,664
	$	1,978,584	$	1,837,271

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent

+ Details