0001836875-25-000172 | 10-Q | XBRL Viewer

Reportable Segment and Significant Segment Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Schedule of segment reporting information, by segment

The following table summarizes the Company’s significant selling, general, and administrative expenses, and research and development expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue	$	1,598,627	$	1,918,218	$	2,844,081	$	3,500,154
(Add)/deduct:
Cost of sales	766,976		918,087		1,459,285		2,030,246
Selling, general, and administrative expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	2,013,308		350,302		6,427,668		6,691,483

Consultants	22,887		341		82,757		15,668
Marketing	152,009		102,831		965,841		229,248
Rent	229,581		253,350		762,808		744,727

Professional fees	307,532		385,604		864,914		670,890
Legal	394,682		132,689		1,759,787		611,125
Insurance (excluding health & D&O)	112,401		157,792		364,724		485,466
IT Expense	232,664		492,642		748,481		1,144,741
Travel	68,915		19,345		154,444		175,774
Office Meal and Employee Reimbursement	8,346		15,146		25,517		61,515

Dues & Subscriptions	61,609		79,729		176,218		278,394
Repairs and Maintenance	129		—		129		(10,708)
Office Supplies	312		752		2,721		4,891
Telephone	1,859		1,366		6,177		5,207
Utilities	15,176		14,553		36,825		37,237
Depreciation & Amortization	85,373		83,823		245,796		256,425
Bank charges	49,770		8,631		101,143		26,173
Fair value of warrants issued for cryptocurrency strategy consulting services	—		—		8,194,000		—
Public Co Fees	917,039		360,734		1,692,373		1,372,584
Provision for credit losses	—		—		991,255		—
Other	90,042		(332,949)		120,105		(256,277)
Total selling, general, and administrative expense	4,763,634		2,126,681		23,723,683		12,544,563
Research and development expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	815,010		9,462		2,009,418		1,343,925
Consultants	108,861		439,821		326,745		1,451,261
Rent	1,431		—		1,431		—
License fees	31,508		14,180		136,381		44,485
Legal	127,399		8,523		348,362		114,856
IT Expense	73,176		217,699		282,011		747,527
Travel	18,875		5,057		33,741		37,771
Office Meal and Employee Reimbursement	796		2,494		4,006		11,343

Repairs and Maintenance	(455)		12,239		3,972		17,381

Other	2,687		816		10,156		4,886
Total research and development expense	1,179,288		710,291		3,156,223		3,773,435

Total other income (expense), net	317,056		186,998		$	253,832	$	2,520,495
Income tax expense	—		—		$	—	$	—

Net loss	$	(4,794,215)	$	(1,649,843)	$	(25,241,278)	$	(12,327,595)

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

United States	$	1,623,898	$	1,508,977
United Kingdom	379		1,425
Denmark	145,361		166,322
	$	1,769,638	$	1,676,724

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

At both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had recorded a gross intangible asset balance of $2,240,594, which is related to patent and intangible property rights acquired. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $34,860 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $108,718 and $104,578 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Accumulated amortization totaled $1,137,508 and $1,028,790 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The net amount of intangible assets of $1,103,048 at September 30, 2025, will be amortized over the weighted average remaining life of 9.15 years.

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:


2025 (remaining three months)	$	37,343
2026	147,706
2027	142,706
2028	142,706
2029	142,706
Thereafter	489,881
	$	1,103,048

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill balance:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Beginning Balance	$	—	$	—
Additions - Fermata acquisition	703,957		—
Fermata acquisition - final purchase price adjustments	(607,957)		—
Total	$	96,000	$	—

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets
Cash	$ 939,415	$ 371,497
Restricted cash	320,000	320,000
Accounts receivable, net	1,109,255	2,148,198
Inventories	4,255,117	4,591,902
Prepaid expenses	838,876	494,986
Deferred costs - current	1,034,958	417,290
Other current assets	1,055,065	931,244
Total current assets	9,552,686	9,275,117
Property and equipment, net	666,590	613,958
Intangible assets, net	1,103,048	1,062,766
Goodwill	96,000	0
Investment in equity securities	670,951	670,951
Investment in leases	98,896	101,415
Right-of-use operating lease assets	3,907,809	4,493,360
Deferred costs - noncurrent	594,558	564,558
Security deposit, long-term	64,943	15,687
Total assets	16,755,481	16,797,812
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	2,944,507	1,882,357
Accrued expenses	5,662,373	3,393,205
Deferred revenue - current	1,152,815	506,496
Convertible notes - current	1,060,489	2,475,162
Operating lease liabilities - current	864,139	914,800
Other liabilities	124,565	6,969
Total current liabilities	12,942,623	11,351,158
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	3,698,514	4,254,173
Due to related party - promissory notes - noncurrent	840,500	840,500
Deferred revenue - noncurrent	574,570	771,747
Warrants/investment rights liability	409,454	699,087
Other long-term liabilities	208,297	170,794
Total liabilities	18,673,958	18,087,459
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred Class A units, zero par value, 4,900,000 shares authorized; 4,900,000 units issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025, and zero units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024, respectively	166,698	0
Class B units, zero par value, 2,500,000 units authorized; 150,000 units issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025, and zero units issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024, respectively	150,000	0
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 22,482,750 and 904,949 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	8,565	6,408
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,680 shares outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	0	(0.17)
Additional paid-in capital	188,584,935	164,285,336
Accumulated other comprehensive income	40,488	46,494
Accumulated deficit	(190,358,139)	(165,599,076)
Nuvve Holding Corp. stockholders’ deficit	(1,407,453)	(1,260,838)
Non-controlling interests	(511,024)	(28,809)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(1,918,477)	(1,289,647)
Total deficit	(1,918,477)	(1,289,647)
Total Liabilities and Equity	16,755,481	16,797,812
Nonrelated Party
Current liabilities
Current debt	549,778	1,609,928
Related Party
Current assets
Accounts receivable, net	0	0
Current liabilities
Current debt	$ 583,957	$ 562,241

Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 24, 2025	Jan. 31, 2025	Aug. 27, 2024	Feb. 28, 2025	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2025	Apr. 23, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2024	Aug. 16, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accrued expenses					$ 5,662,373		$ 5,662,373				$ 3,393,205
Revenue					1,598,627	$ 1,918,218	2,844,081	$ 3,500,154
Accounts receivable, net					1,109,255		1,109,255				2,148,198
Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount			$ 250,000
Repayments of debt		$ 523,097
Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount													$ 750,000
Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - February 2025
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 266,000
Repayments of debt	$ 283,578
Proceeds from PIPE offering				266,000
Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount									$ 205,882	$ 547,058
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue					0	$ 0	18,482	$ 139,176
Accounts receivable, net					0		0				$ 0
Board Members
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accrued expenses					$ 160,000		$ 160,000
Gregory Poilasne and David Robson \| Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from PIPE offering			475,000
Gregory Poilasne and David Robson \| Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount			$ 500,000
Gregory Poilasne and David Robson \| Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount													$ 1,500,000
Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes \| Securities Purchase Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount												$ 250,000
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares)							526,094
Conversion price (in dollars per share)					$ 0.475		$ 0.475
Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Funded amount					$ 610,500		$ 610,500
Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes \| Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)												375,684
Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - February 2025
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				133,000
Chief Financial Officer \| Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Funded amount					$ 230,000		$ 230,000
Chief Financial Officer \| Promissory Notes \| Promissory Notes - February 2025
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 133,000

Stock Option Plan - Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025 $ / shares shares
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares) \| shares	0
Granted (in Shares) \| shares	500,000
Vested/Release (in Shares) \| shares	(500,000)
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Shares) \| shares	0
Ending balance (in Shares) \| shares	0
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0
Granted (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0.48
Vested/Release (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0

Stock Option Plan - Schedule of other share based compensation information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Amount received from option exercised	$ 0	$ 0
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$ 16,358
Weighted average remaining recognition period	1 year 6 months 29 days

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue Benchmark \| Two Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	35.20%		27.80%
Revenue Benchmark \| Three Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk		60.50%		35.70%
Revenue Benchmark \| Top Five Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	72.40%	72.30%	49.80%	49.20%
Accounts Receivable \| Three Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk			53.40%		71.60%
Accounts Receivable \| Five Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk			68.40%		81.30%

- Definition

For an entity that discloses a concentration risk in relation to quantitative amount, which serves as the "benchmark" (or denominator) in the equation, this concept represents the concentration percentage derived from the division.

+ References + Details

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred unit, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred unit, authorized (in shares)	4,900,000	4,900,000
Preferred unit, issued (in shares)	4,900,000	0
Preferred unit, outstanding (in shares)	4,900,000	0
Common units, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Common unit, authorized (in shares)	2,500,000	2,500,000
Common unit, issued (in shares)	150,000	0
Common unit, outstanding (in shares)	150,000	0
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	22,482,750	904,949
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	22,482,750	904,949
Treasury stock (in shares)	1,680	1,680

Account Receivables, Net (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Account Receivables, Net (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Less: allowance for credit losses	$ (1,306,627)		$ (315,623)
Accounts receivable, net	1,109,255		2,148,198
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance December 31, 2024	(315,623)
Provision	(991,004)
Write-off	0
Recoveries	0
Balance at September 30, 2025	(1,306,627)
Provision for credit losses	990,105	$ 0
Engineering Services, Management Fees
Allowance for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	990,105
Trade receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Trade receivables	$ 2,415,882		$ 2,463,821

Non-Controlling Interest - Non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ deficit (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance					$ (28,809)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (286,955)	$ 0			(482,215)	$ 0
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests			$ 76,504	$ 75,004
Non-controlling interests	(511,024)				(511,024)		$ (28,809)
Levo Mobility LLC
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance				$ (4,894,101)	(28,809)	$ (4,894,101)	(4,894,101)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests					(482,215)		(53,376)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests					0		151,508
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment					0		322,932
Cancellation of non-controlling interests					0		5,393,108
Non-controlling interests	$ (511,024)				$ (511,024)		$ (28,809)

- Definition

Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.

+ References

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+ Details

- Definition

Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

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+ Details

Acquisition - Narrative (Details) - Fermata Energy LLC	Apr. 25, 2025 USD ($) shares
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total	$ 506,898
Payments for asset acquisition	$ 340,200
Convertible preferred units (in shares) \| shares	4,900,000
Fair value of Class A Preferred units issued	$ 166,698
Goodwill	96,000
Adjustment
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of Class A Preferred units issued	(608,278)
Goodwill	$ (607,957)

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Nuvve common stockholders (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	50,156,553	1,515,747	50,156,553	1,515,747
Stock options issued and outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	5,902	6,834	5,902	6,834
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Public warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	7,188	7,188	7,188	7,188
Private warrants - February 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	341	341	341	341
Private Pre-Funded Warrants - July 2024
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	30,000	0	30,000
PIPE warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	3,384	3,384	3,384	3,384
2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Underwriter Warrants - February 2024 offering
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	25,500	48,000	25,500	48,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	480,000	480,000	480,000	480,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series B
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	450,000	0	450,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	30,000	480,000	30,000	480,000
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	1,623,501	0	1,623,501	0
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	277,780	0	277,780	0
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	6,483,939	0	6,483,939	0
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	4,980,253	0	4,980,253	0
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	24,102,223	0	24,102,223	0
2025 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-funded Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	477,145	0	477,145	0
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	649,393	0	649,393	0
Warrants - May 7, 2025 - 1st Tranche
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	9,000,000	0	9,000,000	0
Warrants - May 7, 2025 - 2nd Tranche
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in shares)	2,000,004	0	2,000,004	0

Leases - Sublease (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Sublease (Details)	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft²	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net area subleased \| ft²	8,000
Other, net
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease lease income		$ 153,914	$ 86,675	$ 394,598	$ 300,054
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease term	6 months
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 16,058
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease term	7 years
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 37,880

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Sep. 30, 2025
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on October 6, 2025, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-40, with the exact ratio of the reverse stock split to be determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion. As of November 13, 2025, the Board of Directors have not approved or determined the exact reverse split ratio. On October 8, 2025, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with EDF and Dreev, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to EDF all of the equity interests of Dreev held by the Company, representing approximately 4.65% of the total interests of Dreev. In exchange, EDF agreed to pay the Company a lump sum payment of 800,000 Euros. In October and November 2025, the accredited investors have converted $608,443 of the May 2025 Convertible Notes into 3,623,183 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $0.1711 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement. In October and November 2025, the accredited investors have exercised 12,170,228 of the warrants related to the April and May 2025 Convertible Notes into 12,170,228 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average exercise price of $0.1711 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement for total gross proceeds to the Company of $1,176,945. On November 12, 2024, the Company announced that its subsidiary, Nuvve Japan, reached an agreement to deploy a stationary battery project for a customer in Tainai City, Niigata Prefecture, aiming for operation commencement in the first half of 2026. NUVVE Japan, acting as the aggregator, will be responsible for market operation and control, mainly participating in the supply-demand adjustment market and the wholesale electricity market to generate revenue for the client while contributing to regional power stabilization.

Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	$ 4,255,117	$ 4,591,902
DC Chargers
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	3,700,167	3,966,115
AC Chargers
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	334,100	474,154
Component parts and Carbon Credit
Inventory [Line Items]
Total	$ 220,850	$ 151,633

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 0	$ 0
Additions - Fermata acquisition	703,957	0
Fermata acquisition - final purchase price adjustments	(607,957)	0
Ending balance	$ 96,000	$ 0

- Definition

Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 8
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479328/805-10-50-8

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 41
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-41

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478064/805-740-55-13

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 39
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-39

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 49
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 100
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 852
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482598/350-20-45-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4

+ Details

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:


	Useful Lives			September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024


Computers & Servers	1 year	to	3 years	$	176,716	$	171,977
Vehicles	5 years	to	7 years	65,754		65,414

Office furniture and equipment	3 years	to	5 years	445,323		366,323
Test units and loaned chargers (1)	5 years	to	7 years	744,222		621,707
Total				1,432,015		1,225,421
Less: Accumulated Depreciation				(765,425)		(611,463)
Property, plant and equipment, net				$	666,590	$	613,958


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Depreciation expense	$	46,374	$	48,963	$	137,079	$	151,847

__________________

(1) Represents DC Chargers temporarily loaned out to customers while their DC Chargers are being repaired.

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Jun. 30, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	$ 91,712	$ 73,670	$ 291,566
Initial fair value	0	0	0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(91,092)	18,042	(217,896)
Balance at period end	620	91,712	73,670
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	6,974	27,056	292,234
Initial fair value	0		0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	7,015	(20,082)	(265,178)
Balance at period end	13,989	6,974	27,056
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	152,909	508,137	2,475,162
Initial fair value	0		0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	(123,909)	617,017	(3,058,031)
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	4,623	(972,245)	1,091,006
Balance at period end	33,623	152,909	508,137
Additional Investment Rights - October 2024
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	10,333	682,667	5,950
Initial fair value	0		0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	100,774	(672,334)	676,717
Balance at period end	111,107	10,333	682,667
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	48,708	40,312	109,337
Initial fair value	0		0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(48,627)	8,396	(69,025)
Balance at period end	81	48,708	40,312
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	36,257	106,544	0
Initial fair value	0		106,544
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	17,330	(70,287)	0
Balance at period end	53,587	36,257	106,544
Senior Convertible Notes - March 2025
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	0	1,393,456	0
Initial fair value	0		1,393,456
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	(1,393,456)	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	0	0	0
Balance at period end	0	0	1,393,456
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	31,683	0	0
Initial fair value	0	31,683	0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	8,955	0	0
Balance at period end	40,638	31,683	0
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	139,917	0	0
Initial fair value	0	139,917	0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	48,550	0	0
Balance at period end	188,467	139,917	0
Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	2,135,181	0	0
Initial fair value	0	2,135,181	0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	(1,071,806)	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(167,878)	0	0
Balance at period end	895,497	2,135,181	0
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	0	0	0
Initial fair value	965	0	0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	0	0	0
Balance at period end	965	0	0
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at period start	0	0	0
Initial fair value	100,926	0	0
Exercise warrants	0
Conversion of Convertible Notes	0	0	0
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	0	0	0
Balance at period end	$ 100,926	$ 0	$ 0

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of lease costs

Supplemental unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	Classification	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	3,907,809	4,493,360
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	3,008		6,890
Total lease assets		$	3,910,817	$	4,500,250

Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	864,139	914,800
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	3,698,514		4,254,173
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	4,212		6,969
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	—		1,519
Total lease liabilities		$	4,566,865	$	5,177,461

The components of lease expense are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024

Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	198,319	$	232,255	$	666,291	$	689,503
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,322		1,370		4,400		3,917
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest (expense) income, net	116		314		518		992
Total lease expense		$	199,757	$	233,939	$	671,209	$	694,412

Lease term and discount rate:


	September 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	6.15	6.7
Finance lease	0.50	1.3

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%	7.8%

Other Information:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows - operating leases	$	592,386	$	223,892
Operating cash flows - finance leases	$	—	$	5,459
Financing cash flows - finance leases	$	6,835	$	7,816

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	3,008	$	8,636
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Schedule of lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2025
2025	$	221,515	$	2,789
2026	907,467		1,964
2027	913,705		—
2028	898,606		—
2029	925,564		—
Thereafter	1,935,803		—
Total lease payments	5,802,660		4,753
Less: interest	(1,240,007)		(541)
Total lease obligations	$	4,562,653	$	4,212

Schedule of finance lease, liability, maturity


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2025
2025	$	221,515	$	2,789
2026	907,467		1,964
2027	913,705		—
2028	898,606		—
2029	925,564		—
Thereafter	1,935,803		—
Total lease payments	5,802,660		4,753
Less: interest	(1,240,007)		(541)
Total lease obligations	$	4,562,653	$	4,212

Schedule of sublease income

Sublease income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024

Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	153,914	$	86,675	$	394,598	$	300,054

Schedule of lease income

Lease income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024
Lease income	Products and services	$	852	$	1,138	$	2,519	$	3,415
Interest income	Products and services	4,606		4,823		13,157		13,802
Total lease income		$	5,458	$	5,961	$	15,676	$	17,217

Leases - Schedule of operating lease liability maturity (Details)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)
Operating Lease
2025	$ 221,515
2026	907,467
2027	913,705
2028	898,606
2029	925,564
Thereafter	1,935,803
Total lease payments	5,802,660
Less: interest	(1,240,007)
Total lease obligations	4,562,653
Finance Lease
2025	2,789
2026	1,964
2027	0
2028	0
2029	0
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	4,753
Less: interest	(541)
Total lease obligations	$ 4,212

Subsequent Events (Details)							1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details)	Oct. 08, 2025 EUR (€)	Sep. 17, 2024	Sep. 16, 2024	Sep. 09, 2024	Jan. 19, 2024	Jan. 05, 2024	Nov. 13, 2025 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2025	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	May 30, 2025 $ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio		0.1	0.1		0.025
Warrants exercised (in shares)									4,312,720
Proceeds from exercise of warrants \| $									$ 2,083,900	$ 173,027
Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Convertible Debt
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt conversion, original debt, amount \| $									$ 3,072,978
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares)									6,077,289
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares									$ 0.616		$ 0.7800
Subsequent Event \| April and May 2025 Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)							12,170,228
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)							12,170,228
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.1711
Proceeds from exercise of warrants \| $							$ 1,176,945
Subsequent Event \| Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Convertible Debt
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt conversion, original debt, amount \| $							$ 608,443
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares)							3,623,183
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0.1711
Dreev
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent									4.65%
Dreev \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent	4.65%
Proceeds from sale of equity method investments \| €	€ 800,000
Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio				0.5		0.5
Maximum \| Forecast
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio								0.025
Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio				0.1		0.025
Minimum \| Forecast
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio								0.5

Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

The disclosures below discuss the Company’s material revenue contracts.

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue recognized over time:
Services - engineering and others (1)	$	372,749	$	1,111,863	$	747,843	$	1,478,363
Grid services	8,127		153,636		91,421		308,574
Grants	270,190		108,885		349,800		323,722
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products	947,561		543,834		1,655,017		1,389,495
Total revenue	$	1,598,627	$	1,918,218	$	2,844,081	$	3,500,154

__________________

(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2025 amount includes $177,332 of management fees earned related to Fresno EV infrastructure project management which is fully reflected in the provision for credit losses.

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts and grants with customers as of September 30, 2025 expected to be recognized in the future, and classified as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, for year ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):


2025 (remaining three months)	$	622,775
2026	569,441
2027	208,073
2028	173,071
Thereafter	154,025
Total (1)	$	1,727,385

__________________

(1) The revenue recognition is subject to the completion of construction and commissioning of the EV infrastructure.

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues:
United States	$	1,578,043	$	1,814,904	$	2,676,995	$	3,316,968

Denmark	20,584		103,314		167,086		183,186
	$	1,598,627	$	1,918,218	$	2,844,081	$	3,500,154

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-7

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at September 30, 2025		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2025		Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Recurring fair value measurements




2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	620	$	620	$	91,092	$	290,946
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	13,989	$	13,989	$	(7,015)	$	278,245
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	33,623	$	33,623	$	(4,623)	$	(123,384)
Additional Investment Rights - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	111,107	$	111,107	$	(100,774)	$	(105,157)
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	81	$	81	$	48,627	$	109,256
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	53,587	$	53,587	$	(17,330)	$	52,957


2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	40,638	$	40,638	$	(8,955)	$	(8,955)

2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	188,467	$	188,467	$	(48,550)	$	(48,550)
Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025	$	—	$	—	$	895,497	$	895,497	$	167,878	$	167,878
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	965	$	965	$	—	$	—
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025	$	—	$	—	$	100,926	$	100,926	$	—	$	—
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	1,439,500	$	1,439,500	$	120,350	$	613,236


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2024		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Recurring fair value measurements

2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	4,621
Private warrants - July 2024	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80,673	$	80,673
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	291,566	$	291,566	$	728,663	3,036,476
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	292,234	$	292,234	$	—	$	—
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	2,475,162	$	2,475,162	$	—	—
Additional Investment Rights - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	5,950	$	5,950	$	—	$	—
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	109,337	$	109,337	$	—	—
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3,626)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	3,174,249	$	3,174,249	$	809,336	$	3,118,144

Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the warrants (Note 11) and derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:


	2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants		2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024		Additional Investment Rights - October 2024		2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - March 2025		2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025		2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025

Balance at December 31, 2024	$	291,566	$	292,234	$	2,475,162	$	5,950	$	109,337	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Initial fair value	—		—		—		—		—		106,544		1,393,456		—		—		—		—		—
Conversion of Convertible Notes	—		—		(3,058,031)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(217,896)		(265,178)		1,091,006		676,717		(69,025)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2025	73,670		27,056		508,137		682,667		40,312		106,544		1,393,456		—		—		—		—		—
Initial fair value	—														31,683		139,917		2,135,181		—		—
Conversion of Convertible Notes	—		—		617,017		—		—		—		(1,393,456)		—		—		—		—		—
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	18,042		(20,082)		(972,245)		(672,334)		8,396		(70,287)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2025	91,712		6,974		152,909		10,333		48,708		36,257		—		31,683		139,917		2,135,181		—		—
Initial fair value	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		965		100,926
Exercise warrants	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Conversion of Convertible Notes	—		—		(123,909)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,071,806)		—		—
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(91,092)		7,015		4,623		100,774		(48,627)		17,330		—		8,955		48,550		(167,878)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	620	$	13,989	$	33,623	$	111,107	$	81	$	53,587	$	—	$	40,638	$	188,467	$	895,497	$	965	$	100,926

Schedule of carrying values and estimated fair values of debt instruments

The following outstanding debt obligations are reflected in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet at carrying value since the Company did not elect to remeasure the debt obligations to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The carrying values of these debt obligations approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these debt obligations.


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
Term loan	$	627,727	$	627,727	$	1,445,345	$	1,445,345
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024	$	853,841	$	853,841	$	884,676	$	884,676
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024	$	—	$	—	$	516,818	$	516,818

Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024(1)	$	30,443	30,443		$	250,000	$	250,000
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC	$	570,616	$	570,616	$	—	$	—

__________________

(1) Amount is net of conversions.

Stock Option Plan

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option Plan

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In November 2020, the Board extended the term of the 2010 Plan to July 1, 2021. In 2021, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, incentive and non-statutory stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In August 2025, the 2020 Plan was amended, as approved by shareholders, to increase the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by 14,944,592 shares. As of September 30, 2025, there is an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. All options granted to date have a ten year contractual life and vesting terms of four years. In general, vested options expire if not exercised 90 days after termination of service. A total of 14,494,098 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan as of November 8, 2025. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Options	$	8,124	$	598,588	$	576,805	$	1,638,820
Restricted stock	237,500		2,487		237,500		290,443
Stock options - modified options	—		—		—		169
Profit interest units(1)	—		—		—		62,452
Total	$	245,624	$	601,075	$	814,305	$	1,991,884

__________________

(1) Profit interest is related to Levo which has been dissolved as an entity. See Note 18.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2024	1,916	1,033.97	2.54	—
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	—	—	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(747)	508.47	—	—
Outstanding - September 30, 2025	1,169	1,369.78	2.94	—

Options Exercisable at September 30, 2025	1,169	1,369.78	2.94	—
Options Vested at September 30, 2025	1,169	1,369.78	2.94	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was zero.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2024	4,743	3,874.89	6.68	—
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	—	—	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(10)	2,708.00	—	—
Outstanding - September 30, 2025	4,733	3,877.35	5.95	—

Options Exercisable at September 30, 2025	3,746	4,879.38	5.72	—
Options Vested at September 30, 2025	3,746	4,879.38	5.72	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was zero.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, 4,100 options were modified to lower the exercise price by $240.00 per share, which resulted in $246,000 of incremental compensation cost to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $169.

Other Information:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Amount received from option exercised	$	—	$	—

	September 30, 2025				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	16,358			1.58

No amounts relating to the 2010 Plan or 2020 Plan have been capitalized. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the options.

The Company did not have any nonvested restricted stock units as of the nine months ended September 30, 2025.


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2024	—	—
Granted	500,000	0.48
Vested/Release	(500,000)	—
Cancelled/Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2025	—	—

As of September 30, 2025, there was zero of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock.

Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

The following is a summary of debt as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Term loan	$	627,727	$	1,445,345
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024 (3)	853,841		884,676
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 (1)	—		516,818

Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 (2)	33,623		2,475,162
Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024	30,443		250,000


Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 (2)	895,497		—
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 (2)	100,926		—
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC	570,616		—
Total outstanding principal balance	3,112,673		5,572,001
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts	(77,949)		(84,170)
Total debt	3,034,724		5,487,831
Less: current portion of long-term debt	2,194,224		4,647,331
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	840,500	$	840,500

__________________

(1) Principal balance and interest was fully repaid as of March 31, 2025.

(2) Amount represents the fair value of the convertible notes.

(3) Amount includes accrued interest.

As of September 30, 2025, the total future maturities of the principal amounts of the debt obligations are as follows:


2025 (remaining three months)	$	1,623,608
2026	570,616
2027	840,500



	3,034,724

Term Loan

On August 9, 2024, November 27, 2024 and March 31, 2025, the Company entered into a Subordinated Business Loan and Security Agreement ("Term Loans") with Agile Lending, LLC, as lender, and Agile Capital Funding, LLC, as collateral agent. The August 9, 2024, November 27, 2024 and March 31, 2025 Term Loans are short-term, fixed interest rate obligations. Principal and interest on the Term Loans are payable in arrears weekly. The Term Loans are secured by certain of the Company's assets, and were evidenced by a subordinated secured promissory note.

The Term Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants. Among other things, these covenants restrict the Company's ability to incur certain types or amounts of indebtedness, incur liens on certain assets, dispose of material assets, enter into certain restrictive agreements, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. Additionally, the Term Loan contains customary default provisions including, but not limited to, failure to pay interest or principal when due. The Company is in compliance with the Term Loan covenants as of September 30, 2025.

The following is a summary description of the key terms of the Term Loan:


Debt	Debt Origination Date	Maturity	Principal Amount Borrowed		Carrying Value		Weighted Weekly Average Interest Rate		Weighted Annual Average Interest Rate
Term loan	8/9/2024	3/6/2025	$	1,000,000	$	—	2.96	%	153.90	%
Term loan	11/27/2024	6/27/2025	$	1,000,000	$	—	2.96	%	153.90	%
Term loan	3/31/2025	3/31/2026	$	1,750,000	$	627,727	2.16	%	112.60	%

Interest expense paid on the Term Loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $277,573 and $1,073,408, respectively. Interest expense paid on the Term Loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $219,159.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has repaid fully the principal balance and interest of the August 9, 2024 and November 27, 2024 Term Loans.

Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024

In connection with the formation of Deep Impact (see Note 1), Promissory Notes (each a “SPV Promissory Note”) with conversion option were issued to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company (collectively, the “SPV Note Holders”), respectively, in exchange for up to an aggregate of $1,500,000, to further support project costs in exchange for their investment into Deep Impact. Each SPV Promissory Note was issued with an original principal amount of $750,000 (the “Principal Amount”). As of September 30, 2025, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have funded $610,500 and $230,000, respectively, of the Promissory Notes.

The SPV Promissory Notes have a term of three years and bear interest at a rate of 17.5% per annum. The SPV Promissory Notes further provide that upon certain events of default, the SPV Note Holders shall have the option to convert the outstanding amounts on such SPV Promissory Notes for an aggregate of 101 membership units in Deep Impact, allocated pro rata to such Holder’s share of the aggregate outstanding principal amount under the SPV Promissory Notes. Additionally, pursuant to the Deep Impact governance documents, the SPV Note Holders will be entitled to a share of the Deep Impact’s 25% of the operating cash flows in addition to the interest amounts payable under the SPV Promissory Notes.

Interest expense on the SPV Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $38,189 and $113,375, respectively. Interest expense on the SPV Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $6,946.

In February 2025, under the existing SPV Promissory Note agreement, the Company issued promissory notes to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, respectively, in exchange for an aggregate of $266,000 (the "February Promissory Note"). Each February Promissory Note was issued with an original Principal Amount of $133,000 in exchange in cash to the Company, for aggregate gross proceeds of $266,000.

Interest expense on the February Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $7,285 and $17,578, respectively.

On September 24, 2025, the Company repaid the principal balance and interest of the February Promissory Notes for a total amount repaid of $283,578 pursuant to which the Company transferred and assigned the Company’s right to certain receivable from Switch EV Ltd, a company which Nuvve used to have an investment.

Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024

On August 27, 2024, the Company issued promissory notes with conversion option to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, respectively, in exchange for an aggregate of $500,000 (the "Nuvve Promissory Notes"). Each Nuvve Promissory Note was issued with an original Principal Amount of $250,000. The Principal Amount of each Nuvve Promissory Note includes an original issue discount of $12,500, or 5.0%. In exchange for the Nuvve Promissory Notes, each Holder paid a purchase price of $237,500 (the “Non-OID Principal Amount”) in cash to the Company, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $475,000.

The Nuvve Promissory Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10.5% per annum, subject to an increase to 12.5% upon the occurrence of an event of default (as that term is defined in the Nuvve Promissory Notes), and have a maturity date of October 31, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”). Pursuant to the Nuvve Promissory Notes, all accrued and unpaid interest and principal amount are payable in cash on the Maturity Date. If the Company consummates a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Nuvve Promissory Notes), the outstanding balance of the Nuvve Promissory Note plus any unpaid accrued interest will become immediately due and payable.

Interest expense on the Nuvve Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $4,333. Interest expense paid on the Nuvve Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $16,875.

On January 31, 2025, the Company repaid the principal balance and interest of Nuvve Promissory Notes for a total amount repaid of $523,097.

Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024

In October 2024, the Company issued (i) senior convertible notes (the "October 2024 Notes") to certain accredited investors of the Company, pursuant to a securities purchase agreement, in exchange for an aggregate of $3,750,000 of a principal amount, and (ii) accompanying warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “October 2024 Warrants”). The principal amount of the October 2024 Notes included an original issue discount of $375,000, or 10.00%, with net cash proceed to the Company of $3,375,000, which was funded on October 31, 2024.

The Company's the Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Poilasne, participated as an investor and was issued an October 2024 Note in the principal amount of $250,000. The principal amount of the October 2024 Notes issued to Mr. Poilasne included an original issue discount of $25,000, or 10.00% with a net cash proceed to the Company of $225,000, which was funded on September 30, 2024.

The October 2024 Notes have a term of 18 months and bear interest at an effective rate of 8.00% per annum, and have a maturity date of March 31, 2026. Pursuant to the October 2024 Notes, all accrued and unpaid interest and principal amount are payable in cash on the maturity date. The October 2024 Notes are payable in 15 equal payments with the first payment starting on the fourth month after issuance of the October 2024 Notes. The holders of the October 2024 Notes have the option to convert any outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest under the October 2024 Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock, at a conversion price of $3.402 per share. The conversion price of the October 2024 Notes is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the conversion price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

In conjunction with the October 2024 Notes, the Company issued to the investors warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,102,295 shares of Common Stock, representing 100.00% of the shares (the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock that each October 2024 Note is convertible into as of the issuance of the October 2024 Notes, at an exercise price of $3.78 per share (the “Exercise Price”), which was the most recent closing price of the Common Stock prior to the closing as reported by the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”).

The Warrants Shares are exercisable immediately and will expire five years after the date of issuance and may be exercised on a cashless basis in the event of a fundamental transaction involving the Company or if the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the Warrants Shares is not covered by an effective registration statement. The Exercise Price is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the Exercise Price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

Additionally, for so long as the October 2024 Notes or the October 2024 Warrants remain outstanding, the investors shall have the right (the “Additional Investment Right”), exercisable at any time and from time to time commencing after the six-month anniversary of the October 2024 Notes closing, to purchase up to an aggregate of $12,500,000 additional notes and warrants (the “Additional Notes” and “Additional Warrants,” respectively). The Additional Notes and Additional Warrants shall have the same terms as the October 2024 Notes and Warrants, except that the conversion price of the Additional Notes and the exercise price of the Additional Warrants shall each be equal to 95.00% of the average of the five lowest daily prices in the ten trading days prior to the date such investor exercises its Additional Investment Right.

The October 2024 Notes and October 2024 Warrants are recorded as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Interest expense on the October 2024 Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $4,710 and $63,602, respectively. There was no interest expense paid on the October 2024 Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have converted $3,763,614 of the October 2024 Notes into 2,494,678 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $1.638 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have exercised 2,030,554 of the warrants related to the October 2024 Notes into 2,030,554 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average exercise price of $1.025 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement for total gross proceeds to the Company of $1,230,752.

Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024

On December 31, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “December Purchase Agreement”) with an accredited institutional and individual investors (the “December Investor”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to the December Investor (i) a $250,000 principal amount (the “December Principal Amount”) senior convertible promissory note, carrying a 10.00% original issue discount (the “December Note”), convertible into shares of our common stock and (ii) an accompanying warrant (the “December Warrant”) to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “December Private Placement”).

On December 31, 2024, the Company closed the December Private Placement and issued the December Note and the December Warrant (the “Closing”).

The December Note has a term of 12 months and bear interest at an effective rate of 8.00% per annum, and have a maturity date of December 31, 2025. The December Note is convertible at the option of the December Investor, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the note outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $2.931 per share. In conjunction with the December Note, the Company issued to the December Investor the December Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 85,287 shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $3.26 per share. Each of the conversion price of the December 2024 Note and exercise price of the December Warrant is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the conversion price or exercise price, as applicable, then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

Interest expense on the December Note for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $5,508 and $16,878, respectively. There was no interest expense paid on the October 2024 Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have converted $171,568 of the December 2024 Note into 171,568 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $1.00 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement.

Senior Convertible Notes - March 2025

On March 5, 2025, the Company issued to certain investors (i) an aggregate of $1,666,666.67 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes ("March 2025 Convertible Notes"), carrying a 10.00% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants ("March 2025 Warrants") to purchase shares of Common Stock.

The March 2025 Convertible Notes have a term of 18 months with monthly installment payments and bear interest at an effective rate of 8.00% per annum which automatically increases to 18.00% per annum in the event of a default. The March 2025 Convertible Notes is convertible at the option of the investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the note outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $2.02 per share. Each of the conversion price of the March 2025 Convertible Notes and the exercise price of the March 2025 Warrants is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the conversion price or exercise price, as applicable, then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The March 2025 Warrants are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 100.0% of the shares of Common Stock that each March 2025 Convertible Note is convertible into as of the issuance date, at an exercise price of $2.02 per share, which represents 95.0% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the investors exercised their additional investment right, as set forth in the purchase agreement.

The March 2025 Convertible Notes and Warrants were recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Interest expense on the March 2025 Convertible Notes for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was zero and $19,316, respectively. There was no interest expense paid on the March 2025 Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have converted all of the $1,675,392 of the March 2025 Convertible Notes into 2,227,379 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $0.744 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have exercised 285,028 of the warrants related to the March 2025 Convertible Notes into 285,028 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average exercise price of $0.7394 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement for total gross proceeds to the Company of $210,750.

Senior Convertible Notes - April 2025

On April 28, 2025, the Company issued to certain investors (i) an aggregate of $1,444,444.44 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes ("April 2025 Convertible Notes"), carrying a 10.00% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants ("April 2025 Warrants") to purchase shares of Common Stock.

The April 2025 Convertible Notes have a term of 18 months with monthly installment payments and bear interest at an effective rate of 8.00% per annum which automatically increases to 18.00% per annum in the event of a default. The April 2025 Convertible Notes is convertible at the option of the investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the note outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.8261 per share. The conversion price of the April 2025 Convertible Notes is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the conversion price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The April 2025 Warrants are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 100.0% of the shares of Common Stock that each April 2025 Convertible Note is convertible into as of the issuance date, at an exercise price of $0.8261 per share, which represents 95.0% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the investors exercised their additional investment right, as set forth in the purchase agreement. The exercise price of the April 2025 Warrants is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the exercise price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The April 2025 Convertible Notes and Warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Interest expense on the April 2025 Convertible Notes for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was zero and $9,192, respectively. There was no interest expense paid on the April 2025 Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have converted all of the $1,450,302.68 of the April 2025 Convertible Notes into 1,953,223.00 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $0.7420 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have exercised 769,546 of the warrants related to the April 2025 Convertible Notes into 769,546 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average exercise price of $0.7394 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement for total gross proceeds to the Company of $568,642.

Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025

On May 30, 2025, the Company issued to certain investors (i) an aggregate of $4,166,666.66 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes ("May 2025 Convertible Notes"), carrying a 10.00% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants ("May 2025 Warrants") to purchase shares of Common Stock.

The May 2025 Convertible Notes have a term of 18 months with monthly installment payments and bear interest at an effective rate of 8.00% per annum which automatically increases to 18.0% per annum in the event of a default. The May 2025 Convertible Notes is convertible at the option of the investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the note outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.7800 per share. The conversion price of the May 2025 Convertible Notes is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the conversion price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The May 2025 Warrants are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 100.00% of the shares of Common Stock that each May 2025 Convertible Note is convertible into as of the issuance date, at an exercise price of $0.7800 per share, which represents 95.0% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the investors exercised their additional investment right, as set forth in the purchase agreement. The exercise price of the May 2025 Warrants is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the exercise price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The May 2025 Convertible Notes and Warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Interest expense on the May 2025 Convertible Notes for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $20,881 and $47,403, respectively. There was no interest expense paid on the May 2025 Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have converted $3,072,978 of the May 2025 Convertible Notes into 6,077,289 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $0.616 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement.

As of September 30, 2025, the accredited investors have exercised 50,000 of the warrants related to the May 2025 Convertible Notes into 50,000 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average exercise price of $0.1711 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement for total gross proceeds to the Company of $8,555.

Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025

On September 10, 2025, the Company issued to certain investors (i) an aggregate of $111,111.00 principal amount senior convertible promissory notes ("September 2025 Convertible Notes"), carrying a 10.00% original issue discount, convertible into shares of Common Stock, and (ii) accompanying warrants ("September 2025 Warrants") to purchase shares of Common Stock.

The September 2025 Convertible Notes have a term of 18 months with monthly installment payments and bear interest at an effective rate of 8.00% per annum which automatically increases to 18.00% per annum in the event of a default. The September 2025 Convertible Notes is convertible at the option of the investors, at any time, in whole or in part, into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the principal amount of the note outstanding plus all accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price equal to $0.1711 per share. The conversion price of the September 2025 Convertible Notes is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the conversion price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The September 2025 Warrants are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 100.00% of the shares of Common Stock that each September 2025 Convertible Note is convertible into as of the issuance date, at an exercise price of $0.1711 per share, which represents 95.00% of the average of the five lowest trading prices in the ten trading days prior to the date the investors exercised their additional investment right, as set forth in the purchase agreement. The exercise price of the September 2025 Warrants is subject to full ratchet antidilution protection, subject to certain price limitations required by Nasdaq rules and regulations and certain exceptions, upon any subsequent transaction at a price lower than the exercise price then in effect and standard adjustments in the event of certain events, such as stock splits, combinations, dividends, distributions, reclassifications, mergers or other corporate changes.

The September 2025 Convertible Notes and Warrants are recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

Interest expense on the September 2025 Convertible Notes for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was zero. There was no interest expense paid on the September 2025 Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC

On April 23, 2025, promissory notes with conversion option were issued to certain employees of the Company, including Gregory Poilasne, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (collectively, the “Fermata Promissory Notes”), respectively, in exchange for up to an aggregate of $547,058, to further support project costs in exchange for their investment into Fermata Energy II LLC. Each Fermata Promissory Note was issued carrying a 15.00% original issue discount.

The Fermata Promissory Notes have a term of 12 months and bear interest at a rate of 10.00% per annum.

Interest expense on the Fermata Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $13,676 and $23,858, respectively. There was no interest expense on the Fermata Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

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+ Details

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of revenues by geography (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 1,598,627	$ 1,918,218	$ 2,844,081	$ 3,500,154
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,578,043	1,814,904	2,676,995	3,316,968
Denmark
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 20,584	$ 103,314	$ 167,086	$ 183,186

- Definition

Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).

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+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Cash	$ 939,415	$ 371,497
Inventories	4,255,117	4,591,902
Total current assets	9,552,686	9,275,117
Property and equipment, net	666,590	613,958
Intangible assets, net	1,103,048	1,062,766
Goodwill	96,000	0	$ 0
Security deposit, long-term	64,943	15,687
Total assets	16,755,481	16,797,812
Liabilities
Accounts payable/ Intercompany payable	2,944,507	1,882,357
Total liabilities	18,673,958	18,087,459
Variable Interest Entity \| Levo Mobility LLC
Assets
Cash	2,937	10,404
Inventories	183,219	0
Intercompany loan receivable	0	930,019
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	117,279	52,190
Total current assets	303,435	992,613
Property and equipment, net	79,000	0
Intangible assets, net	149,000	0
Goodwill	96,000	0
Intercompany receivable	2,482,005	0
Security deposit, long-term	18,489	0
Total assets	3,127,929	992,613
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	33,594	0
Promissory notes	1,754,391	884,676
Total liabilities	3,344,874	1,051,357
Variable Interest Entity \| Levo Mobility LLC \| Nonrelated Party
Liabilities
Accounts payable/ Intercompany payable	37,397	166,681
Variable Interest Entity \| Levo Mobility LLC \| Related Party
Liabilities
Accounts payable/ Intercompany payable	$ 1,519,492	$ 0

Debt - Narrative (Details)										1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 24, 2025 USD ($)	Sep. 10, 2025 USD ($) d $ / shares	May 30, 2025 USD ($) d $ / shares	Apr. 28, 2025 USD ($) d $ / shares	Apr. 23, 2025 USD ($)	Mar. 05, 2025 USD ($) d $ / shares	Jan. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Aug. 27, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 16, 2024 USD ($) membership_unit	Feb. 28, 2025 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($) payment d $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2025 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount											$ 84,170		$ 77,949		$ 77,949
Warrants exercised (in shares) \| shares															4,312,720
Warrant exercise price as a percentage of stock price		0.9500	0.950	0.950		0.950
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares													50,000		50,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 0.78		$ 0.78
Warrants exercised (in shares) \| shares															50,000
Average exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 0.1711		$ 0.1711
Class of warrant or right, gross proceeds received from exercise															$ 8,555
Warrants Issued October 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares												1,102,295
Warrants exercised, percent												100.00%
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares												$ 3.78
Warrants outstanding, term												5 years
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares													2,030,554		2,030,554
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 1.025		$ 1.025
Warrants exercised (in shares) \| shares															2,030,554
Class of warrant or right, gross proceeds received from exercise															$ 1,230,752
Warrants Issued December 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares											85,287
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 3.26
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercised, percent						100.00%
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 2.02
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares													285,028		285,028
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 0.7394		$ 0.7394
Warrants exercised (in shares) \| shares															285,028
Class of warrant or right, gross proceeds received from exercise															$ 210,750
Warrants Issued on April 28, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercised, percent				100.00%
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.8261
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares													769,546		769,546
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 0.7394		$ 0.7394
Warrants exercised (in shares) \| shares															769,546
Class of warrant or right, gross proceeds received from exercise															$ 568,642
Warrants Issued On May 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants exercised, percent		100.00%	100.00%
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.1711	$ 0.7800
Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, waiting period before exercise												6 months
Debt instrument, right to purchase additional notes and warrants												$ 12,500,000
Term loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 277,573	$ 219,159	1,073,408	$ 219,159
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024 \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													38,189	6,946	113,375	6,946
Debt instrument, face amount									$ 750,000
Debt instrument, term									3 years
Debt instrument, stated rate									17.50%
Equity method investment, membership units \| membership_unit									101
Equity method investment, Entitled share of operating cash flows, percent									25.00%
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024 \| Gregory Poilasne and David Robson \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount									$ 1,500,000
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024 \| Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Funded amount													610,500		610,500
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024 \| Chief Financial Officer \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Funded amount													230,000		230,000
Promissory Notes - February 2025 \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													7,285		17,578
Debt instrument, face amount										$ 266,000
Proceeds from PIPE offering										266,000
Repayments of debt	$ 283,578
Promissory Notes - February 2025 \| Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount										133,000
Promissory Notes - February 2025 \| Chief Financial Officer \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount										$ 133,000
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 4,333	16,875	$ 4,333	16,875
Debt instrument, face amount								$ 250,000
Repayments of debt							$ 523,097
Debt discount								$ 12,500
Original issue discount, percent								5.00%
Purchase price								$ 237,500
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 \| Promissory Notes \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated rate								10.50%
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 \| Promissory Notes \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, stated rate								12.50%
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 \| Gregory Poilasne and David Robson
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from PIPE offering								$ 475,000
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 \| Gregory Poilasne and David Robson \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount								$ 500,000
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount												$ 3,750,000
Debt instrument, term												18 months
Debt discount												$ 375,000
Original issue discount, percent												10.00%
Purchase price												$ 3,375,000
Effective rate												8.00%
Number of equal payments \| payment												15
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares												$ 3.402	$ 1.638		$ 1.638
Debt conversion, original debt, amount															$ 3,763,614
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares															2,494,678
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Chief Executive Officer \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount												$ 250,000
Debt discount												25,000
Purchase price												$ 225,000
Additional Notes And Warrants Issued October 31, 2024 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger												95.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days \| d												5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| d												10
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 4,710	0	$ 63,602	0
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Chief Executive Officer \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares												375,684
December 2024 Term Loan \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount											$ 250,000
Debt instrument, term											12 months
Debt instrument, stated rate											10.00%
Effective rate											8.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 2.931
Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 5,508	0	$ 16,878	0
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 1.00		$ 1.00
Debt conversion, original debt, amount															$ 171,568
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares															171,568
Senior Convertible Notes - March 2025 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 0	0	$ 19,316	0
Debt instrument, face amount						$ 1,666,666.67
Debt instrument, term						18 months
Original issue discount, percent						10.00%
Effective rate						8.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 2.02							$ 0.744		$ 0.744
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days \| d						5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| d						10
Debt conversion, original debt, amount															$ 1,675,392
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares															2,227,379
Equity financing, conversion price, percent of price paid, increased rate upon default						0.1800
Senior Convertible Notes - April 2025 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 0	0	$ 9,192	0
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 1,444,444.44
Debt instrument, term				18 months
Original issue discount, percent				10.00%
Effective rate				8.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.8261									$ 0.7420		$ 0.7420
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days \| d				5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| d				10
Debt conversion, original debt, amount															$ 1,450,302.68
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares															1,953,223
Equity financing, conversion price, percent of price paid, increased rate upon default				0.1800
Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 20,881	0	$ 47,403	0
Debt instrument, face amount			$ 4,166,666.66
Debt instrument, term			18 months
Original issue discount, percent			10.00%
Effective rate			8.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.7800										$ 0.616		$ 0.616
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days \| d			5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| d			10
Debt conversion, original debt, amount															$ 3,072,978
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares															6,077,289
Equity financing, conversion price, percent of price paid, increased rate upon default			0.180
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC \| Promissory Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 13,676	$ 0	$ 23,858	$ 0
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 547,058												$ 205,882
Debt instrument, term					12 months
Debt instrument, stated rate					10.00%
Original issue discount, percent					15.00%
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense													$ 0		$ 0
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 111,111
Debt instrument, term		18 months
Original issue discount, percent		10.00%
Effective rate		8.00%
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.1711
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days \| d		5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days \| d		10
Equity financing, conversion price, percent of price paid, increased rate upon default		0.1800

Non-Controlling Interest - Condensed consolidated statements of operations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (286,955)	$ 0	$ (482,215)	$ 0

Stock Option Plan - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Stock Option Plan - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 08, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based option modified (in shares)					4,100
Increase decrease exercise price (in dollars per share)					$ 240.00
Incremental compensation cost (in dollars)					$ 246,000
Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional compensation expense		$ 169		$ 169
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Nonvested restricted stock units (in shares)			0				0
Restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock			$ 0
2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares authorized (in shares)	14,944,592
Aggregate of common shares (in shares)			15,000,000
Option contractual life			10 years
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in dollars per share)			$ 0
2020 Plan \| Subsequent Event
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock available for future (in shares)						14,494,098
2020 Plan \| Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Option vesting period			4 years
Expiration period after termination of service			90 days
2010 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in dollars per share)			$ 0

Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of debt

The following is a summary of debt as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Term loan	$	627,727	$	1,445,345
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024 (3)	853,841		884,676
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024 (1)	—		516,818

Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 (2)	33,623		2,475,162
Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024	30,443		250,000


Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 (2)	895,497		—
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 (2)	100,926		—
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC	570,616		—
Total outstanding principal balance	3,112,673		5,572,001
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts	(77,949)		(84,170)
Total debt	3,034,724		5,487,831
Less: current portion of long-term debt	2,194,224		4,647,331
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	840,500	$	840,500

__________________

(1) Principal balance and interest was fully repaid as of March 31, 2025.

(2) Amount represents the fair value of the convertible notes.

(3) Amount includes accrued interest.

Schedule of Maturities of Debt Obligations

As of September 30, 2025, the total future maturities of the principal amounts of the debt obligations are as follows:


2025 (remaining three months)	$	1,623,608
2026	570,616
2027	840,500



	3,034,724

Schedule of term loan

The following is a summary description of the key terms of the Term Loan:


Debt	Debt Origination Date	Maturity	Principal Amount Borrowed		Carrying Value		Weighted Weekly Average Interest Rate		Weighted Annual Average Interest Rate
Term loan	8/9/2024	3/6/2025	$	1,000,000	$	—	2.96	%	153.90	%
Term loan	11/27/2024	6/27/2025	$	1,000,000	$	—	2.96	%	153.90	%
Term loan	3/31/2025	3/31/2026	$	1,750,000	$	627,727	2.16	%	112.60	%

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of milestone event

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:


Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

Leases - Lessor (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Lessor (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Feb. 28, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Investment in leases	$ 98,896		$ 98,896		$ 101,415
Master Services Agreement
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term (in years)						10 years
Lease income	852	$ 1,138	2,519	$ 3,415
Interest income	4,606	4,823	13,157	13,802
Total lease income	$ 5,458	$ 5,961	$ 15,676	$ 17,217
Operating Lease, Lease Income, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Total revenue	Total revenue	Total revenue	Total revenue

- Definition

Amount of operating interest income, including, but not limited to, amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on securities.

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+ Details

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense amortizable intangible assets

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:


2025 (remaining three months)	$	37,343
2026	147,706
2027	142,706
2028	142,706
2029	142,706
Thereafter	489,881
	$	1,103,048

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill balance:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Beginning Balance	$	—	$	—
Additions - Fermata acquisition	703,957		—
Fermata acquisition - final purchase price adjustments	(607,957)		—
Total	$	96,000	$	—

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

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+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities included in the company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the Company's VIE assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets

Cash	$	2,937	$	10,404




Inventories	183,219		$	—
Intercompany loan receivable	—		$	930,019
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	117,279		52,190
Total Current Assets	303,435		992,613
Property and equipment, net	79,000		—
Intangible assets, net	149,000		—
Goodwill	96,000		—
Intercompany receivable	2,482,005		—
Security deposit, long-term	18,489		—
Total Assets	$	3,127,929	$	992,613

Liabilities

Accounts payable	$	37,397	$	166,681
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	33,594		—
Promissory notes	1,754,391		884,676
Intercompany payable	1,519,492		—








Total Liabilities	$	3,344,874	$	1,051,357

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 1,598,627	$ 1,918,218	$ 2,844,081	$ 3,500,154
Services - engineering and others
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	372,749	1,111,863	747,843	1,478,363
Grid services
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	8,127	153,636	91,421	308,574
Grants
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	270,190	108,885	349,800	323,722
Products
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 947,561	$ 543,834	1,655,017	$ 1,389,495
Engineering Services, Management Fees
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue			$ 177,332

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

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+ Details

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Preferred Class A	Common Class B	Member Units Preferred Class A	Member Units Common Class B	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interests
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 2,580,605					$ 5,927		$ 155,615,962	$ 93,676	$ (148,240,859)	$ (4,894,101)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023						124,659
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)						17,414
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock	$ 0					$ 18		(18)
Stock-based compensation	846,514							846,514
Proceeds from stock offering, net of offering costs (in shares)						303,500
Proceeds from stock offering, net of offering costs	5,029,422					$ 304		5,029,118
Issuance of Pre-funded Warrants (in shares)						161,492
Issuance of Pre-funded Warrants	108					$ 108
Currency translation adjustment	(13,651)								(13,651)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	(75,004)										(75,004)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)										(161,466)
Net loss	(6,728,737)									(6,714,438)	(14,299)
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2024	1,477,791					$ 6,357		161,491,576	80,025	(154,955,297)	(5,144,870)
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024						607,064
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 2,580,605					$ 5,927		155,615,962	93,676	(148,240,859)	(4,894,101)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023						124,659
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Currency translation adjustment	$ (19,530)
Net loss	(12,327,595)
Balance, end of period at Sep. 30, 2024	3,004,987					$ 6,406		163,468,322	74,146	(160,543,887)	0
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024						874,949
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 2,580,605					$ 5,927		155,615,962	93,676	(148,240,859)	(4,894,101)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023						124,659
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	0
Preferred units, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	0
Balance, end of period at Dec. 31, 2024	$ (1,289,647)					$ 6,408	$ 0	164,285,336	46,494	(165,599,076)	(28,809)
Common unit, ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	0
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	904,949					903,269
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	1,680						1,680
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 1,477,791					$ 6,357		161,491,576	80,025	(154,955,297)	(5,144,870)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024						607,064
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)						661
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock	0					$ 1		(1)
Stock-based compensation	481,800							481,800
Exercise of Warrants /warrants issuance (in shares)						30,000
Exercise of warrants	172,997					$ 30		172,967
Issuance of Pre-funded Warrants (in shares)						14,998
Issuance of Pre-funded Warrants	0					$ 15		(15)
Currency translation adjustment	(8,093)								(8,093)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	(76,504)										(76,504)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)										(161,466)
Net loss	(3,949,015)									(3,938,747)	(10,268)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2024	$ (2,062,490)					$ 6,403		162,146,327	71,932	(158,894,044)	(5,393,108)
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024						652,723
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock reverse split - rounding (in shares)	0					192,222
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	0					4
Stock-based compensation	$ 601,075							601,075
Exercise of Warrants /warrants issuance (in shares)						30,000
Exercise of warrants	239,703					$ 3		239,700
Currency translation adjustment	2,214								2,214
Cancellation of non-controlling interests	5,874,328							481,220			5,393,108
Net loss	(1,649,843)									(1,649,843)
Balance, end of period at Sep. 30, 2024	3,004,987					$ 6,406		163,468,322	74,146	(160,543,887)	0
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024						874,949
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2024	$ (1,289,647)					$ 6,408	$ 0	164,285,336	46,494	(165,599,076)	(28,809)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	904,949					903,269
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	$ 554,659							554,659
Proceeds from direct offering, net of offering costs (in shares)						213,428
Proceeds from direct offering, net of offering costs	564,868					$ 21		564,847
Exercise of Warrants /warrants issuance (in shares)						431,652
Exercise of warrants	854,096					$ 43		854,053
Conversion of Convertible Notes, net of offering costs (in Shares)						1,568,019
Conversion of convertible notes, net of offering costs	2,952,583					$ 157		2,952,426
Currency translation adjustment	236								236
Net loss	(6,878,601)									(6,873,003)	(5,598)
Preferred units, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025				0
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2025	$ (3,241,806)			$ 0	$ 0	$ 6,629	$ 0	169,211,321	46,730	(172,472,079)	(34,407)
Common unit, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025					0
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025						3,116,368
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025							1,680
Preferred units, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	0
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2024	$ (1,289,647)					$ 6,408	$ 0	164,285,336	46,494	(165,599,076)	(28,809)
Common unit, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	0
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	904,949					903,269
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	1,680						1,680
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock reverse split - rounding (in shares)						192,222
Currency translation adjustment	$ (6,006)
Net loss	$ (25,241,278)
Preferred units, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	4,900,000			4,900,000
Balance, end of period at Sep. 30, 2025	$ (1,918,477)			$ 166,698	$ 150,000	$ 8,565	$ 0	188,584,935	40,488	(190,358,139)	(511,024)
Common unit, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	150,000				150,000
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	22,482,750					22,482,750
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	1,680						1,680
Preferred units, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025				0
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2025	$ (3,241,806)			$ 0	$ 0	$ 6,629	$ 0	169,211,321	46,730	(172,472,079)	(34,407)
Common unit, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025					0
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025						3,116,368
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2025							1,680
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	14,022							14,022
Exercise of Warrants /warrants issuance (in shares)						1,651,643
Exercise of warrants	1,221,249					$ 165		1,221,084
Warrants issuance	8,194,000							8,194,000
Proceeds from stock offering, net of offering costs (in shares)				4,900,000	100,000
Proceeds from stock offering, net of offering costs		$ 774,976	$ 100,000	$ 774,976	$ 100,000
Conversion of Convertible Notes, net of offering costs (in Shares)						6,153,330
Conversion of convertible notes, net of offering costs	3,670,630					$ 609		3,670,020
Currency translation adjustment	7,151								7,151
Net loss	(13,568,462)									(13,378,800)	(189,662)
Preferred units, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2025				4,900,000
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2025	(2,828,239)			$ 774,976	$ 100,000	$ 7,404	$ 0	182,310,448	53,881	(185,850,879)	(224,069)
Common unit, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2025					100,000
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2025						10,921,341
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2025							1,680
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	245,624							245,624
Exercise of Warrants /warrants issuance (in shares)						50,000
Exercise of warrants	8,555					$ 5		8,550
Proceeds from stock offering, net of offering costs (in shares)					50,000	3,798,874
Proceeds from stock offering, net of offering costs	3,059,162	$ (608,278)	$ 50,000	$ (608,278)	$ 50,000	$ 380		3,058,782
Conversion of Convertible Notes, net of offering costs (in Shares)						6,204,740
Conversion of convertible notes, net of offering costs	1,076,463					$ 625		1,075,838
Issuance of Pre-funded Warrants (in shares)						1,507,795
Issuance of Pre-funded Warrants	1,885,844					$ 151		1,885,693
Currency translation adjustment	(13,393)								(13,393)
Net loss	$ (4,794,215)									(4,507,260)	(286,955)
Preferred units, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	4,900,000			4,900,000
Balance, end of period at Sep. 30, 2025	$ (1,918,477)			$ 166,698	$ 150,000	$ 8,565	$ 0	$ 188,584,935	$ 40,488	$ (190,358,139)	$ (511,024)
Common unit, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	150,000				150,000
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	22,482,750					22,482,750
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2025	1,680						1,680

Stock Option Plan - Schedule of stock-based compensation expense for stock options (Details) - Selling, general and administrative - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 245,624	$ 601,075	$ 814,305	$ 1,991,884
Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	8,124	598,588	576,805	1,638,820
Restricted stock
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	237,500	2,487	237,500	290,443
Stock options - modified options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	0	0	0	169
Profit interest units
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 62,452

Organization and Description of Business	9 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business	Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	Organization and Description of Business Description of Business Nuvve Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (the “Company” or “Nuvve”), was founded on November 10, 2020 under the laws of the state of Delaware. On March 19, 2021, the Company (at the time known as NB Merger Corp.) acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”), and the Company changed its name to Nuvve Holding Corp. Reverse Stock Split At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on January 5, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-40. The Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a 1-for-40 reverse split ratio, and on January 19, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the reverse split effective January 19, 2024 (the “January 2024 Reverse Stock Split”). The January 2024 Reverse Stock Split is already reflected in the year ended December 31, 2023 consolidated financial statement balances. Additionally, at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 9, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on September 16, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the reverse split effective September 17, 2024 (the “September 2024 Reverse Stock Split” and together with the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split, the “Reverse Stock Splits”). The Reverse Stock Splits were also applicable to the Company’s outstanding warrants, stock options and restricted stock units. The number of shares of common stock into which these outstanding securities are convertible or exercisable were adjusted proportionately as a result of the Reverse Stock Splits. The exercise prices of any outstanding warrants or stock options were also proportionately adjusted in accordance with the terms of those securities and the Company’s equity incentive plans. The Reverse Stock Splits did not affect the number of authorized shares of the Company's common stock or the par value of the common stock. All issued and outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock, warrants to purchase common stock and per share amounts contained in the condensed consolidated financial statement have been retroactively adjusted to reflect each of the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split and the September 2024 Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented. Structure of the Company Nuvve has four wholly owned subsidiaries, Nuvve Corp., Nuvve CPO Inc., Hype Strategy LLC, and Nuvve Japan Corporation. Nuvve Corp. has four wholly owned subsidiaries or branches: (1) Nuvve Denmark ApS, (“Nuvve Denmark”), a company registered in Denmark, (2) Nuvve SaS, a company registered in France as a branch of Nuvve Corp, (3) Nuvve KK (Nuvve Japan), a company registered in Japan, and (4) Nuvve LTD, a company registered in United Kingdom. Nuvve CPO Inc., or Nuvve Charge Point Operator, was established in August 2024 to support the deployment and ongoing support of the Company's customers charging station networks. Deep Impact On August 16, 2024, the Company, Nuvve CPO, and WISE EV-LLC (“WISE”), entered into the definitive agreements to form Deep Impact 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Deep Impact”) in which the Company holds a 51% equity interest by way of Nuvve CPO, and in which WISE holds a 49% equity interest. Deep Impact is an entity formed for the principal purpose of operation, installation, maintenance of electric vehicle chargers and other related activities and services created as a business venture between the Company, Nuvve CPO and Wise. In connection with the formation of Deep Impact, Nuvve CPO, WISE and Deep Impact entered into a Contribution and Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”), pursuant to which Nuvve CPO and WISE agreed to contribute $51 and $49, respectively to the Deep Impact, and to provide certain services pursuant to separate services agreements to Deep Impact. For such contributions and the services, Nuvve CPO received 51 membership units in Deep Impact, equal to a 51% equity interest, and WISE received 49 membership units in Deep Impact, equal to a 49% equity interest. Please see Note 2 for the principles of consolidation. Deep Impact had limited business operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024. Fermata Energy II LLC On April 25, 2025, the Company, Fermata Energy LLC (“Seller”), and the former noteholders of the Seller (the “Preferred Members”), entered into a series of definitive agreements to effect the acquisition of substantially all of the Seller’s assets by Fermata Energy II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Fermata”). As a result of the transaction, the Company holds a 51% equity interest in Fermata as the sole common units member, and the Preferred Members collectively hold the remaining 49% equity interest in the form of class A preferred units. The class A preferred unit holders are entitled to a compounded 10.0% annual preferred return. Fermata is an entity formed for the principal purpose of developing and commercializing energy management and bidirectional charging technology solutions. Please see Note 20 for details of the acquisition. Nuvve New Mexico LLC In April 2025, the Company formed Nuvve New Mexico LLC, a new subsidiary created to support the Company’s recently awarded State of New Mexico contract. The new entity serves as a regional representative company, ensuring the successful execution of the contract and the expansion of the Company's innovative energy solutions across the state. The Company holds majority membership interest in Nuvve New Mexico LLC as the Class A units holder. Other members admitted into the Nuvve New Mexico LLC through subscription as investors holds the Class B units, and are entitled to a cumulative 18.0% annual preferred return on unreturned capital contribution. As of September 30, 2025, two members have been admitted as a Class B unit members with an aggregate subscription of 150,000 Class B units at $1.00 per unit.

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2025
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Account Receivables, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable

The following tables summarizes the Company's accounts receivable:


		September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Trade receivables		$	2,415,882	$	2,463,821

Less: allowance for credit losses		(1,306,627)		(315,623)

	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,109,255	$	2,148,198

Allowance for credit losses:

	Balance December 31, 2024	$	(315,623)
	Provision (1)	(991,004)
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance at September 30, 2025	$	(1,306,627)

__________________

(1) $990,105 of the total amount is related to prior recognized management fees earned in the Fresno EV infrastructure project management.

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024

Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$	(4,507,260)	$	(1,649,843)	$	(24,759,063)	$	(12,327,595)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	18,557,638		666,894		8,954,465		567,486
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.24)	$	(2.47)	$	(2.76)	$	(21.72)

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Stock options issued and outstanding	5,902	6,834	5,902	6,834
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	—	—	—	—
Public warrants	7,188	7,188	7,188	7,188
Private warrants - February 2020	341	341	341	341
Private pre-funded warrants - July 2024	—	30,000	—	30,000
PIPE warrants	3,384	3,384	3,384	3,384


2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000

Underwriter Warrant - February 2024 offering	25,500	48,000	25,500	48,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A	480,000	480,000	480,000	480,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series B	—	450,000	—	450,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C	30,000	480,000	30,000	480,000
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,623,501	—	1,623,501	—
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	277,780	—	277,780	—
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	6,483,939	—	6,483,939	—
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,980,253	—	4,980,253	—
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	24,102,223	—	24,102,223	—
2025 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-funded Warrants	477,145	—	477,145	—
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	649,393	—	649,393	—
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	9,000,000	—	9,000,000	—
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	2,000,004	—	2,000,004	—
Total	50,156,553	1,515,747	50,156,553	1,515,747

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of other debt obligations (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Carrying Value
Term loan	$ 2,200,000
Term loan
Fair Value
Term loan	627,727	$ 1,445,345
Carrying Value
Term loan	627,727	1,445,345
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024
Fair Value
Promissory Notes	853,841	884,676
Carrying Value
Promissory Notes	853,841	884,676
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024
Fair Value
Promissory Notes	0	516,818
Carrying Value
Promissory Notes	0	516,818
Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024
Fair Value
Promissory Notes	30,443	250,000
Carrying Value
Promissory Notes	30,443	250,000
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC
Fair Value
Promissory Notes	570,616	0
Carrying Value
Promissory Notes	$ 570,616	$ 0

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of estimated future amortization expense amortizable intangible assets (Details)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2025 (remaining three months)	$ 37,343
2026	147,706
2027	142,706
2028	142,706
2029	142,706
Thereafter	489,881
Total estimated future amortization expense	$ 1,103,048

Leases - Lease term, discount rate, and other information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	6 years 1 month 24 days		6 years 8 months 12 days
Finance lease	6 months		1 year 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.80%		7.80%
Finance lease	7.80%		7.80%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows - operating leases	$ 592,386	$ 223,892
Operating cash flows - finance leases	0	5,459
Financing cash flows - finance leases	6,835	7,816
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	3,008	8,636
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Asset Acquisition - Schedule of asset acquisition (Details) - Fermata Energy LLC	Apr. 25, 2025 USD ($)
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 340,200
Fair value of Class A Preferred units issued	166,698
Total	506,898
Inventory	423,138
Furniture Fixtures and Equipment	79,000
Other Assets	10,081
Intangible Property	149,000
Accounts payable	(250,321)
Total identifiable net assets	410,898
Goodwill	96,000
Total	506,898
Adjustment
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of Class A Preferred units issued	(608,278)
Goodwill	$ (607,957)

Property, Plant and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance:


	Useful Lives			September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024


Computers & Servers	1 year	to	3 years	$	176,716	$	171,977
Vehicles	5 years	to	7 years	65,754		65,414

Office furniture and equipment	3 years	to	5 years	445,323		366,323
Test units and loaned chargers (1)	5 years	to	7 years	744,222		621,707
Total				1,432,015		1,225,421
Less: Accumulated Depreciation				(765,425)		(611,463)
Property, plant and equipment, net				$	666,590	$	613,958


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Depreciation expense	$	46,374	$	48,963	$	137,079	$	151,847

__________________

(1) Represents DC Chargers temporarily loaned out to customers while their DC Chargers are being repaired.

Non-Controlling Interest

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Non-Controlling Interest

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

As of September 30, 2025, Fermata Energy II LLC and Deep Impact are included as the non-controlling interest entities.

Levo

The Company had determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock of Levo is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. Separation of the redemption features as a derivative liability is required because its economic characteristics and risks of the redemption features are considered more akin to a debt instrument, and therefore, not considered to be clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the redeemable preferred stock host instrument. The economic characteristics of the redemption features are considered more akin to debt instrument because the minimum redemption value could be greater than the face amount of the preferred stock, the redemption features are contingently exercisable, and the preferred stock carry a fixed mandatory dividend.

Accordingly, the Company had recorded an embedded derivative liability representing the estimated fair value of the right of the holders to exercise their redemption option upon the occurrence of a redemption event. The embedded derivative liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end with changes in fair value recorded in the “Change in fair value of derivative liability” financial statement line item of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In connection with, and pursuant to Stonepeak and Evolve's sale of their combined interest in Levo to the Company on October 15, 2024, the Company became the 100% owner of Levo. As result, the redeemable preferred stock, including the accumulated unpaid accrued preferred dividends, were cancelled. On December 13, 2024, the Company dissolved Levo as an entity. Levo was a consolidated entity of the Company. See the tables below.

The following table summarizes non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ deficit on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2025:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024




Beginning Balance	$	(28,809)	(4,894,101)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(482,215)	(53,376)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		151,508
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment	—		322,932
Cancellation of non-controlling interests	—		5,393,108
Non-controlling interests	$	(511,024)	$	(28,809)

The following table summarizes non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of September 30, 2025:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,


	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(286,955)	$	—	$	(482,215)	$	—

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024

Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$	(4,507,260)	$	(1,649,843)	$	(24,759,063)	$	(12,327,595)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	18,557,638		666,894		8,954,465		567,486
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.24)	$	(2.47)	$	(2.76)	$	(21.72)

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Stock options issued and outstanding	5,902	6,834	5,902	6,834
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	—	—	—	—
Public warrants	7,188	7,188	7,188	7,188
Private warrants - February 2020	341	341	341	341
Private pre-funded warrants - July 2024	—	30,000	—	30,000
PIPE warrants	3,384	3,384	3,384	3,384


2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000

Underwriter Warrant - February 2024 offering	25,500	48,000	25,500	48,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A	480,000	480,000	480,000	480,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series B	—	450,000	—	450,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C	30,000	480,000	30,000	480,000
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,623,501	—	1,623,501	—
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	277,780	—	277,780	—
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	6,483,939	—	6,483,939	—
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	4,980,253	—	4,980,253	—
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	24,102,223	—	24,102,223	—
2025 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-funded Warrants	477,145	—	477,145	—
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	649,393	—	649,393	—
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	9,000,000	—	9,000,000	—
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	2,000,004	—	2,000,004	—
Total	50,156,553	1,515,747	50,156,553	1,515,747

Reportable Segment and Significant Segment Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reportable Segment and Significant Segment Expenses

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment.

Significant Segment Expenses:

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the consolidated entity. The Company's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM uses revenue and operating expenses of the consolidated entity predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers consolidated budget-to-actual variances on an annual basis when making decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources. Below are the significant consolidated segment expenses that the Company regularly provides to the CODM.

The following table summarizes the Company’s significant selling, general, and administrative expenses, and research and development expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue	$	1,598,627	$	1,918,218	$	2,844,081	$	3,500,154
(Add)/deduct:
Cost of sales	766,976		918,087		1,459,285		2,030,246
Selling, general, and administrative expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	2,013,308		350,302		6,427,668		6,691,483

Consultants	22,887		341		82,757		15,668
Marketing	152,009		102,831		965,841		229,248
Rent	229,581		253,350		762,808		744,727

Professional fees	307,532		385,604		864,914		670,890
Legal	394,682		132,689		1,759,787		611,125
Insurance (excluding health & D&O)	112,401		157,792		364,724		485,466
IT Expense	232,664		492,642		748,481		1,144,741
Travel	68,915		19,345		154,444		175,774
Office Meal and Employee Reimbursement	8,346		15,146		25,517		61,515

Dues & Subscriptions	61,609		79,729		176,218		278,394
Repairs and Maintenance	129		—		129		(10,708)
Office Supplies	312		752		2,721		4,891
Telephone	1,859		1,366		6,177		5,207
Utilities	15,176		14,553		36,825		37,237
Depreciation & Amortization	85,373		83,823		245,796		256,425
Bank charges	49,770		8,631		101,143		26,173
Fair value of warrants issued for cryptocurrency strategy consulting services	—		—		8,194,000		—
Public Co Fees	917,039		360,734		1,692,373		1,372,584
Provision for credit losses	—		—		991,255		—
Other	90,042		(332,949)		120,105		(256,277)
Total selling, general, and administrative expense	4,763,634		2,126,681		23,723,683		12,544,563
Research and development expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	815,010		9,462		2,009,418		1,343,925
Consultants	108,861		439,821		326,745		1,451,261
Rent	1,431		—		1,431		—
License fees	31,508		14,180		136,381		44,485
Legal	127,399		8,523		348,362		114,856
IT Expense	73,176		217,699		282,011		747,527
Travel	18,875		5,057		33,741		37,771
Office Meal and Employee Reimbursement	796		2,494		4,006		11,343

Repairs and Maintenance	(455)		12,239		3,972		17,381

Other	2,687		816		10,156		4,886
Total research and development expense	1,179,288		710,291		3,156,223		3,773,435

Total other income (expense), net	317,056		186,998		$	253,832	$	2,520,495
Income tax expense	—		—		$	—	$	—

Net loss	$	(4,794,215)	$	(1,649,843)	$	(25,241,278)	$	(12,327,595)

The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and property, plant and equipment in different geographic locations:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

United States	$	1,623,898	$	1,508,977
United Kingdom	379		1,425
Denmark	145,361		166,322
	$	1,769,638	$	1,676,724

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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+ Details

Debt - Schedule of debt (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan	$ 2,200,000
Total outstanding principal balance	3,112,673	$ 5,572,001
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts	(77,949)	(84,170)
Total debt	3,034,724	5,487,831
Less: current portion of long-term debt	2,194,224	4,647,331
Long-term debt, net of current portion	840,500	840,500
Term loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan	627,727	1,445,345
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	853,841	884,676
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	0	516,818
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	33,623	2,475,162
Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	30,443	250,000
Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	895,497	0
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	100,926	0
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Promissory Notes	$ 570,616	$ 0

Acquisition - (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Asset Acquisition

The following table summarizes the final fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date reflecting all measurement period adjustments:


Consideration transferred:
Cash	$	340,200

Fair value of Class A Preferred units issued	$	166,698
Total	$	506,898

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired:
Inventory	$	423,138
Furniture Fixtures and Equipment	79,000
Other Assets	10,081
Intangible Property	149,000
Accounts payable	(250,321)
Total identifiable net assets	410,898
Goodwill	96,000
Total	$	506,898

Non-Controlling Interest - Narrative (Details)	Oct. 15, 2024
Levo LLCA
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Ownership (percent)	100.00%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Reverse Stock Split	Reverse Stock Split At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on January 5, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-40. The Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a 1-for-40 reverse split ratio, and on January 19, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the reverse split effective January 19, 2024 (the “January 2024 Reverse Stock Split”). The January 2024 Reverse Stock Split is already reflected in the year ended December 31, 2023 consolidated financial statement balances. Additionally, at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 9, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on September 16, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the reverse split effective September 17, 2024 (the “September 2024 Reverse Stock Split” and together with the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split, the “Reverse Stock Splits”). The Reverse Stock Splits were also applicable to the Company’s outstanding warrants, stock options and restricted stock units. The number of shares of common stock into which these outstanding securities are convertible or exercisable were adjusted proportionately as a result of the Reverse Stock Splits. The exercise prices of any outstanding warrants or stock options were also proportionately adjusted in accordance with the terms of those securities and the Company’s equity incentive plans. The Reverse Stock Splits did not affect the number of authorized shares of the Company's common stock or the par value of the common stock. All issued and outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock, warrants to purchase common stock and per share amounts contained in the condensed consolidated financial statement have been retroactively adjusted to reflect each of the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split and the September 2024 Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying (i) unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (ii) unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is recommended that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the 2024 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and total equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2025 or any future period. In accordance with the related Going Concern accounting standards, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $190.4 million and $165.6 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company incurred operating losses of approximately $25.5 million as of the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $20.5 million and $32.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The Company's cash used in operations was $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $15.7 million and $21.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a cash balance, negative working capital, and total deficit of $0.9 million, $3.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and will need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability and to repay its $2.2 million of debt due within a year after these financial statements are issued. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's GIVe platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure. Management plans to fund current operations and satisfy its other obligations through increased revenues and raising additional capital. Management's expectations with respect to the Company’s ability to fund current operations and its other obligations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. There is an inherent risk that the Company may not achieve such financial projections and if so, cash outflows could be higher than currently anticipated. However, as such plans are not solely within management’s control, management cannot conclude as of the date of this filing that the plans are probable of being successfully implemented and as such has concluded that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the date of issuance of our financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Variable Interest Entities	Variable Interest Entities Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company formed Deep Impact with Nuvve CPO and WISE, in which the Company owned 51% of Deep Impact's common units (See Note 1). The Company has determined that Deep Impact is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Deep Impact and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by WISE. Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIE.
Non-controlling interests	Non-controlling interests The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests. As of September 30, 2025, Fermata Energy II LLC and Deep Impact are included as the non-controlling interest entities.
Emerging Growth Company	Emerging Growth Company Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay complying with new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act")). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, lease incremental borrowing rate, derivative liability associated with redeemable preferred shares, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, annual bonus accrual, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.
Cash and Restricted Cash	Cash and Restricted Cash The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area. In connection with a new office lease agreement, the Company was required to provide an irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit to the landlord upon execution of the lease. The amount securing the letter of credit was recorded as restricted cash as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $320,000.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 35.2% and 27.8% of revenue, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, three customers accounted for 60.5% and 35.7% of revenue, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 72.4% and 49.8% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 72.3% and 49.2% of the Company’s total revenue. At September 30, 2025, three customers accounted for 53.4% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 71.6% of accounts receivable. Approximately 68.4% and 81.3% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all probable bad debt losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements/Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted	Recently adopted accounting pronouncements None Applicable Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid in both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, prescribes standard categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s annual year ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires a public business entity ("PBE") to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, additional information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements. Specifically, in a tabular disclosure, the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption. Within the same tabular disclosure, a PBE is required to include certain expense, gain, or loss amounts that are already required to be disclosed under U.S. GAAP. Additionally, a PBE is required to disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. The guidance also requires a PBE to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statement disclosures.

Related Parties	9 Months Ended
Related Parties	Sep. 30, 2025
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Parties	Related Parties As described in Note 5, the Company holds equity interests in and provides certain consulting services to Dreev, an entity in which a stockholder of the Company owns the other portion of Dreev’s equity interests. Included in the accrued expenses of $5.66 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2025, is $0.16 million owed to the Company's current and former Board members for their past quarterly services. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Company recognized revenue of zero and $18,482, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 the Company recognized revenue of zero and $139,176, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. The Company had a balance of accounts receivable of zero at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 from the same entity that is an investor in the Company. As described in Note 10, on August 27, 2024, the Company issued Promissory Notes with a conversion option to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, in exchange for an aggregate principal amount of $500,000. Each Promissory Note was issued with an original principal amount of $250,000. On January 31, 2025, the Company repaid the principal balance and interest of Nuvve Promissory Notes for a total amount repaid of $523,097. As described in Note 10, and in connection with the formation of the Deep Impact (see Note 1), Promissory Notes with a conversion option were issued to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, respectively, in exchange for an aggregate of $1,500,000, to further support project costs in exchange for their investment into Deep Impact. Each Promissory Note was issued with an original principal amount of $750,000. As of September 30, 2025, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have funded $610,500 and $230,000, respectively, of the Promissory Notes. As described in Note 10, in October 2024, the Company issued senior convertible notes with a conversion option to certain investors, including Gregory Poilasne, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in exchange for a principal amount of $250,000, and a Warrant to purchase 375,684 shares of Common Stock. As of September 30, 2025, the Chief Executive Officer have converted the principal amount of $250,000 to into 526,094 of the Company's shares of common stock for an average conversion price of $0.475 per share pursuant to the securities purchase agreement. As described in Note 10, in February 2025, under the existing SPV Promissory Note agreement, the Company issued promissory notes to each of Gregory Poilasne and David Robson, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, respectively, in exchange for an aggregate of $266,000 (the "February Promissory Note"). Each February Promissory Note was issued with an original Principal Amount of $133,000 in exchange in cash to the Company, for aggregate gross proceeds of $266,000. On September 24, 2025, the Company repaid the principal balance and interest of the February Promissory Notes for a total amount repaid of $283,578. As described in Note 10, in April 2025, Fermata Energy II LLC issued promissory notes with a conversion option to certain employees, including Gregory Poilasne, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in exchange for a principal amount of $205,882.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 5
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/850/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

+ Details

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers (Details)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,727,385
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 622,775
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	3 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 569,441
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 208,073
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2028-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 173,071
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2029-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 154,025
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at September 30, 2025		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2025		Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Recurring fair value measurements




2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	620	$	620	$	91,092	$	290,946
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	13,989	$	13,989	$	(7,015)	$	278,245
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	33,623	$	33,623	$	(4,623)	$	(123,384)
Additional Investment Rights - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	111,107	$	111,107	$	(100,774)	$	(105,157)
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	81	$	81	$	48,627	$	109,256
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	53,587	$	53,587	$	(17,330)	$	52,957


2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	40,638	$	40,638	$	(8,955)	$	(8,955)

2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	188,467	$	188,467	$	(48,550)	$	(48,550)
Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025	$	—	$	—	$	895,497	$	895,497	$	167,878	$	167,878
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	965	$	965	$	—	$	—
Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025	$	—	$	—	$	100,926	$	100,926	$	—	$	—
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	1,439,500	$	1,439,500	$	120,350	$	613,236


	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at December 31, 2024		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Total Gains (Losses) For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Recurring fair value measurements

2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	4,621
Private warrants - July 2024	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80,673	$	80,673
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants	$	—	$	—	$	291,566	$	291,566	$	728,663	3,036,476
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	292,234	$	292,234	$	—	$	—
Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	2,475,162	$	2,475,162	$	—	—
Additional Investment Rights - October 2024	$	—	$	—	$	5,950	$	5,950	$	—	$	—
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	109,337	$	109,337	$	—	—
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3,626)
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	3,174,249	$	3,174,249	$	809,336	$	3,118,144


	2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants		2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024		Additional Investment Rights - October 2024		2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - March 2025		2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025		2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants		Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025

Balance at December 31, 2024	$	291,566	$	292,234	$	2,475,162	$	5,950	$	109,337	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Initial fair value	—		—		—		—		—		106,544		1,393,456		—		—		—		—		—
Conversion of Convertible Notes	—		—		(3,058,031)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(217,896)		(265,178)		1,091,006		676,717		(69,025)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2025	73,670		27,056		508,137		682,667		40,312		106,544		1,393,456		—		—		—		—		—
Initial fair value	—														31,683		139,917		2,135,181		—		—
Conversion of Convertible Notes	—		—		617,017		—		—		—		(1,393,456)		—		—		—		—		—
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	18,042		(20,082)		(972,245)		(672,334)		8,396		(70,287)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2025	91,712		6,974		152,909		10,333		48,708		36,257		—		31,683		139,917		2,135,181		—		—
Initial fair value	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		965		100,926
Exercise warrants	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Conversion of Convertible Notes	—		—		(123,909)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,071,806)		—		—
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(91,092)		7,015		4,623		100,774		(48,627)		17,330		—		8,955		48,550		(167,878)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	620	$	13,989	$	33,623	$	111,107	$	81	$	53,587	$	—	$	40,638	$	188,467	$	895,497	$	965	$	100,926

The fair value of the level 3 2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants was estimated at December 31, 2024 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.00 years, risk free rate of 4.47%, no dividends, volatility of 57.0%, common stock price of $3.12, and strike price of $1,500.00.

The fair value of the level 3 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.35 years, risk free rate of 3.63%, no dividends, volatility of 81.0%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $20.00.

The fair value of the level 3 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants was estimated at December 31, 2024 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 4.09 years, risk free rate of 4.33%, no dividends, volatility of 85.0%, common stock price of $3.12, and strike price of $20.00.

The fair value of the level 3 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 4.08 years, risk free rate of 3.80%, no dividends, volatility of 45.4%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $3.78.

The fair value of the level 3 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2024 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 4.80 years, risk free rate of 4.20%, no dividends, volatility of 49.6%, common stock price of $3.12, and strike price of $3.78.

The fair value of the level 3 Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 0.58 years, risk free rate of 3.80%, no dividends, volatility of 45.4%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $3.78.

The fair value of the level 3 Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 was estimated at December 31, 2024 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 1.33 years, risk free rate of 4.20%, no dividends, volatility of 49.6%, common stock price of $3.12, and strike price of $3.40.

The fair value of the level 3 Additional Investment Rights - October 2024 was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 0.58 years, risk free rate of 3.80%, no dividends, volatility of 45.4%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $3.78.

The fair value of the level 3 Additional Investment Rights - October 2024 was estimated at December 31, 2024 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 1.33 years, risk free rate of 4.20%, no dividends, volatility of 49.6%, common stock price of $3.12, and strike price of $3.40.

The fair value of the level 3 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 4.30 years, risk free rate of 3.80%, no dividends, volatility of 45.4%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $3.26.

The fair value of the level 3 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at December 31, 2024 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 5.00 years, risk free rate of 4.33%, no dividends, volatility of 85.0%, common stock price of $3.12, and strike price of $3.26.

The fair value of the level 3 2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 4.43 years, risk free rate of 3.70%, no dividends, volatility of 46.6%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $0.74.

The fair value of the level 3 2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 4.58 years, risk free rate of 3.70%, no dividends, volatility of 46.6%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $0.74.

The fair value of the level 3 2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 4.67 years, risk free rate of 3.70%, no dividends, volatility of 46.6%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $0.74.

The fair value of the level 3 Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 1.18 years risk free rate of 3.70%, no dividends, volatility of 46.6%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $0.74.

The fair value of the level 3 2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 4.94 years, risk free rate of 3.60%, no dividends, volatility of 46.2%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $0.17.

The fair value of the level 3 Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 was estimated at September 30, 2025 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: term of 1.46 years risk free rate of 3.60%, no dividends, volatility of 46.2%, common stock price of $0.24, and strike price of $0.17.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2025 and 2024.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are generally carried on the cost basis, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Other Debt Obligations


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
Term loan	$	627,727	$	627,727	$	1,445,345	$	1,445,345
Promissory Notes - August 16, 2024	$	853,841	$	853,841	$	884,676	$	884,676
Promissory Notes - August 27, 2024	$	—	$	—	$	516,818	$	516,818

Senior Convertible Notes - December 2024(1)	$	30,443	30,443		$	250,000	$	250,000
Promissory Notes - Fermata Energy II LLC	$	570,616	$	570,616	$	—	$	—

__________________

(1) Amount is net of conversions.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (bbb)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 107
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 100
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2E
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
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-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Subparagraph (g)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 940
-SubTopic 820
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1

+ Details

Stockholders’ Deficit- Schedule of share repurchase activity (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Stock Repurchase Program [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period (in shares)	1,680	0
Shares repurchased (in shares)	0	1,680
Average purchase price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0.0001
Amount spent on repurchased shares	$ 0	$ 0.17
Aggregate Board of Directors repurchase authorizations during the period	$ 0	$ 1,680
Balance, end of period (in shares)	1,680	1,680

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	20 years		20 years
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,432,015		$ 1,432,015		$ 1,225,421
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(765,425)		(765,425)		(611,463)
Property, plant and equipment, net	666,590		666,590		613,958
Depreciation expense	46,374	$ 48,963	137,079	$ 151,847
Computers & Servers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 176,716		$ 176,716		171,977
Computers & Servers \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	1 year		1 year
Computers & Servers \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years		3 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 65,754		$ 65,754		65,414
Vehicles \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years		5 years
Vehicles \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	7 years		7 years
Office furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 445,323		$ 445,323		366,323
Office furniture and equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years		3 years
Office furniture and equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years		5 years
Test units and loaned chargers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 744,222		$ 744,222		$ 621,707
Test units and loaned chargers \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years		5 years
Test units and loaned chargers \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	7 years		7 years

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including product liability claims. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. Please see Note 17(e) and (f) below for details regarding legal proceedings with Company suppliers.

(b) Research Agreement

Effective September 1, 2016, the Company is party to a research agreement with a third party, which is also a Company stockholder, whereby the third party will perform research activity as specified annually by the Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid a minimum of $400,000 annually in equal quarterly installments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, $122,928 and $104,714, respectively, were paid under the research agreement. At September 30, 2025, $94,785 remained to be paid under the renewed agreement.

The Company was a party to a licensing agreement for non-exclusive rights to intellectual property which would expire at the later of the date at which the last patent underlying the intellectual property expires or 20 years from the sale of the first licensed product. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company would have had to pay up to an aggregate of $700,000 in royalties upon achievement of certain milestones. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

The licensing agreement was replaced in November 2017, when the Company executed an agreement ("IP Acquisition Agreement") with the University of Delaware ("Seller") whereby all rights, title, and interest in the licensed intellectual property was assigned to the Company in exchange for an upfront fee of $500,000 and common shares valued at $1,491,556. The total acquisition cost of $1,991,556 was capitalized and is being amortized over the fifteen year expected life of the patents underlying the intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:


Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

The Seller will retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license, to utilize the intellectual property solely for research and education purposes. As of September 30, 2025, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

(d) Investment

The Company is committed to possible future additional contributions to the Investment in Dreev (Note 5) in the amount of $270,000.

(e) Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier, Rhombus Energy Solutions, Inc. (“Rhombus”), for a quantity of DC fast chargers and dispensers for EVs (the “DC Chargers”), for a total price of $13.2 million. A dispute (the "Dispute") arose as to the PO, and an arbitration proceeding was initiated.

On February 2, 2024 (the “Settlement Date”), the Company and Rhombus entered into a settlement and release agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to pay Rhombus approximately $0.46 million for certain initial DC Chargers within 15 days from the Settlement Date. The Company further agreed to pay Rhombus an aggregate of $2.40 million for certain DC Chargers upon shipment with payments correlating to the amounts shipped due prior to shipment, a minimum of 50% of which shall be paid within 12 months after the Settlement Date, with the remaining balance, if any, to be paid within 24 months after the Settlement Date. The Settlement Agreement further provides for the dismissal of the legal action as to the Company and Rhombus. The Company and Rhombus agreed to release one another from any and all claims relating to the Dispute.

On February 21, 2025, the Company initiated a legal action against Rhombus related to its refusal to honor certain warranty and commissioning obligations with respect to DC Chargers the Company purchased from Rhombus. Rhombus has in turn filed a demand for an arbitration claiming that the Company breached terms of the previous settlement agreement between the Company and Rhombus by failing to purchase additional DC Chargers. The Company believes it has no obligation to purchase additional non-conforming DC Chargers. Therefore, the Company believes that Rhombus’s position does not have any merit, and it intends to exercise all available rights and remedies in its legal action against Rhombus. The outcome of any such proceedings are inherently uncertain, and the amount and/or timing of any gains or expenses resulting from such proceedings is not reasonably estimable at this time.

Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of income tax information


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Income tax expense	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Effective tax rate	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 02, 2024	Nov. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jul. 20, 2021	Sep. 01, 2016
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Installment amount			$ 122,928		$ 104,714		$ 400,000
Useful Lives			20 years
Royalty expense, aggregate amount under agreement			$ 700,000
Royalty expense			0	$ 0
Acquisition costs, amortization period		15 years
Investment			270,000
Purchase obligation						$ 13,200,000
Loss contingency, accrual current	$ 460,000
Loss contingency, accrual payment period	15 days
Loss contingency, accrual noncurrent	$ 2,400,000
Loss contingency, accrual payments percentage	50.00%
Loss contingency minimum payment upon shipment, period	12 months
Loss contingency remaining payment upon shipment, period	24 months
IP Acquisition Agreement
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Asset acquisition, upfront payment		$ 500,000
Asset acquisition, equity consideration transferred		1,491,556
Total		1,991,556
Royalties payments		$ 7,500,000
Royalty agreement, minimum access period to company's GIVe platform		6 months
Related Party
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Related party debt outstanding			$ 94,785

Account Receivables, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Receivables [Abstract]

Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company's accounts receivable:


		September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Trade receivables		$	2,415,882	$	2,463,821

Less: allowance for credit losses		(1,306,627)		(315,623)

	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,109,255	$	2,148,198

Allowance for credit losses:

	Balance December 31, 2024	$	(315,623)
	Provision (1)	(991,004)
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance at September 30, 2025	$	(1,306,627)

__________________

(1) $990,105 of the total amount is related to prior recognized management fees earned in the Fresno EV infrastructure project management.

Stock Option Plan (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense for stock options

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in selling, general, and administrative, and research and development are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Options	$	8,124	$	598,588	$	576,805	$	1,638,820
Restricted stock	237,500		2,487		237,500		290,443
Stock options - modified options	—		—		—		169
Profit interest units(1)	—		—		—		62,452
Total	$	245,624	$	601,075	$	814,305	$	1,991,884

__________________

(1) Profit interest is related to Levo which has been dissolved as an entity. See Note 18.

Schedule of stock option activity

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2024	1,916	1,033.97	2.54	—
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	—	—	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(747)	508.47	—	—
Outstanding - September 30, 2025	1,169	1,369.78	2.94	—

Options Exercisable at September 30, 2025	1,169	1,369.78	2.94	—
Options Vested at September 30, 2025	1,169	1,369.78	2.94	—

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:


	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2024	4,743	3,874.89	6.68	—
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	—	—	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(10)	2,708.00	—	—
Outstanding - September 30, 2025	4,733	3,877.35	5.95	—

Options Exercisable at September 30, 2025	3,746	4,879.38	5.72	—
Options Vested at September 30, 2025	3,746	4,879.38	5.72	—

Schedule of disclosure of share-based compensation arrangements by share-based payment award

Other Information:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Amount received from option exercised	$	—	$	—

	September 30, 2025				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	16,358			1.58

Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units

The Company did not have any nonvested restricted stock units as of the nine months ended September 30, 2025.


	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2024	—	—
Granted	500,000	0.48
Vested/Release	(500,000)	—
Cancelled/Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at September 30, 2025	—	—

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ 190,358,139		$ 190,358,139		$ 165,599,076
Operating loss	5,111,271	$ 1,836,841	25,495,110	$ 14,848,090	20,500,000	$ 32,100,000
Net cash used in operating activities			12,347,984	$ 12,242,822	15,700,000	$ 21,300,000
Cash	939,415		939,415		371,497
Working capital	(3,400,000)		(3,400,000)
Stockholders’ equity	(1,918,477)		(1,918,477)		(1,289,647)
Short-term debt	2,200,000		2,200,000
Restricted cash	$ 320,000		$ 320,000		$ 320,000
Variable Interest Entity \| WISE EV LLC
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Variable interest entity			51.00%

Debt - Schedule of term loan (Details)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 2,200,000
August 2024 Term Loan \| Subordinated Business Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Amount Borrowed	1,000,000
Carrying Value	$ 0
Weighted Weekly Average Interest Rate	0.0296
Weighted Annual Average Interest Rate	1.5390
November 2024 Term Loan \| Subordinated Business Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Amount Borrowed	$ 1,000,000
Carrying Value	$ 0
Weighted Weekly Average Interest Rate	0.0296
Weighted Annual Average Interest Rate	1.5390
March 2025 Term Loan \| Subordinated Business Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Amount Borrowed	$ 1,750,000
Carrying Value	$ 627,727
Weighted Weekly Average Interest Rate	0.0216
Weighted Annual Average Interest Rate	1.1260

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Stock Option Plan - Schedule of stock option activity (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
2010 Plan
Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	1,916
Granted, (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Expired/Cancelled (in shares)	(747)
Ending balance (in shares)	1,169	1,916
Options exercisable (in shares)	1,169
Options vested (in shares)	1,169
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 1,033.97
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0
Expired/Cancelled (in dollars per share)	508.47
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	1,369.78	$ 1,033.97
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)	1,369.78
Options vested (in dollars per share)	$ 1,369.78
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	2 years 11 months 8 days	2 years 6 months 14 days
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	2 years 11 months 8 days
Options vested, weighted average remaining contractual term	2 years 11 months 8 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Exercisable	0
Vested	$ 0
2020 Plan
Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	4,743
Granted, (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Expired/Cancelled (in shares)	(10)
Ending balance (in shares)	4,733	4,743
Options exercisable (in shares)	3,746
Options vested (in shares)	3,746
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 3,874.89
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0
Expired/Cancelled (in dollars per share)	2,708
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	3,877.35	$ 3,874.89
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)	4,879.38
Options vested (in dollars per share)	$ 4,879.38
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	5 years 11 months 12 days	6 years 8 months 4 days
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	5 years 8 months 19 days
Options vested, weighted average remaining contractual term	5 years 8 months 19 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Exercisable	0
Vested	$ 0

Stockholders’ Deficit (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at September 30, 2025, including adjusted exercise price for full ratchet antidilution protection for some warrants as disclosed in Note 10:


	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Cancelled	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Adjusted Exercise Price	Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	7,188	—	—	7,188	$4,600.00	$4,600.00	7,188	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants - February 2020	341	—	—	341	$4,600.00	$4,600.00	341	March 19, 2026

PIPE Warrants	3,384	—	—	3,384	$4,600.00	$4,600.00	3,384	March 19, 2026





2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	10,000	—	—	10,000	$1,500.00	$1,500.00	10,000	January 29, 2028
Underwriter Warrants - February 2024 offering	48,000	—	22,500	25,500	$20.00	$20.00	25,500	February 2, 2029

2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A	480,000	—	—	480,000	$20.00	$20.00	480,000	February 2, 2029

2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C	480,000	—	450,000	30,000	$20.00	$20.00	30,000	February 2, 2029
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	2,076,036	1,700,351	—	375,685	$0.74	$0.1711	1,623,501	October 31, 2029
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	277,780	—	—	277,780	$1.00	$1.00	277,780	December 31, 2029
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,777,750	285,028	—	1,492,722	$0.74	$0.1711	6,483,939	March 5, 2030
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,953,537	769,546	—	1,183,991	$0.74	$0.1711	4,980,253	April 28, 2030
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	5,341,879	50,000	—	5,291,879	$0.78	$0.1711	24,102,223	May 30, 2030
2025 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-funded Warrants	1,984,940	1,507,795	—	477,145	$0.0001	$0.0001	477,145	Until Exercised in Full
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	649,393	—	—	649,393	$0.1711	$0.1711	649,393	September 10, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	3,000,000	—	—	3,000,000	$1.05	$1.05	3,000,000	May 7, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	3,000,000	—	—	3,000,000	$1.25	$1.25	3,000,000	May 7, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	3,000,000	—	—	3,000,000	$1.50	$1.50	3,000,000	May 7, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	666,668	—	—	666,668	$1.00	$1.00	666,668	May 18, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	666,668	—	—	666,668	$1.25	$1.25	666,668	May 18, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	666,668	—	—	666,668	$1.50	$1.50	666,668	May 18, 2030
	26,090,232	4,312,720	472,500	21,305,012			50,150,651

Schedule of Class of Treasury Stock

The share repurchase activity pursuant to this authorization is as follows:



	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Beginning balance	1,680		—
Shares repurchased	—		1,680
Average purchase price per share	$	—	$	0.0001
Amount spent on repurchased shares	$	—	$	0.17
Aggregate Board of Directors repurchase authorizations during the period	—		$	1,680
Ending balance	1,680		1,680

Non-Controlling Interest (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Schedule of condensed financial statements

The following table summarizes non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ deficit on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2025:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024




Beginning Balance	$	(28,809)	(4,894,101)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(482,215)	(53,376)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests	—		151,508
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment	—		322,932
Cancellation of non-controlling interests	—		5,393,108
Non-controlling interests	$	(511,024)	$	(28,809)

Schedule of condensed income statement

The following table summarizes non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of September 30, 2025:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,


	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(286,955)	$	—	$	(482,215)	$	—

Reportable Segment and Significant Segment Expenses - Schedule of Segment Information by Geographic Locations (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 1,769,638	$ 1,676,724
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	1,623,898	1,508,977
United Kingdom
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	379	1,425
Denmark
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 145,361	$ 166,322

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of milestone event (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	$ 7,500,000
10000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	500,000
20000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000
40000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000
60000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000
80000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	750,000
100000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	1,000,000
200000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	1,000,000
250000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone Payment Amount	$ 2,000,000

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross intangible asset	$ 2,240,594		$ 2,240,594		$ 2,240,594
Amortization expense of intangible assets	34,860	$ 34,860	108,718	$ 104,578
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	1,137,508		1,137,508		$ 1,028,790
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 1,103,048		$ 1,103,048
Acquire finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life			9 years 1 month 24 days

- Definition

The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets.

+ References

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-Section 45
-Paragraph 28
-Subparagraph (b)
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
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+ Details

Organization and Description of Business (Details)	Sep. 17, 2024	Sep. 16, 2024	Sep. 09, 2024	Jan. 19, 2024	Jan. 05, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025 subsidiary member $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2025	Apr. 25, 2025	Aug. 16, 2024 membership_unit $ / shares
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio	0.1	0.1		0.025
Fermata Energy II LLC \| Preferred Class A
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Annual preferred return, percentage							0.100	0.100
Nuvve
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries \| subsidiary						4
Nuvve \| Fermata Energy II LLC
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent								51.00%
Nuvve \| Deep Impact
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent									51.00%
Sale price (in dollars per share)									$ 51
Equity investment, membership units acquired \| membership_unit									51
Nuvve Corp.
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries \| subsidiary						4
WISE EV LLC \| Deep Impact
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent									49.00%
Sale price (in dollars per share)									$ 49
Equity investment, membership units acquired \| membership_unit									49
Fermata Energy II LLC Preferred Members \| Fermata Energy II LLC
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent								49.00%
Nuvve New Mexico LLC
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of subscribed members \| member						2
Nuvve New Mexico LLC \| Common Class B
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Annual preferred return, percentage							0.180
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares						150,000
Temporary equity, par value (in dollars per share)						$ 1.00
Maximum
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio			0.5		0.5
Minimum
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio			0.1		0.025

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Income tax expense	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Effective tax rate	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective tax rate, based on current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to operating losses that receive no tax benefit as a result of a valuation allowance recorded for such losses.

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the provisions of ASC 740, management is required to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against its deferred tax assets. The Company currently has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there was no material change from the year ended December 31, 2024 in the amount of the Company’s deferred tax assets that are not considered to be more likely than not to be realized in future years.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework, and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. We are currently assessing the impact of the OBBBA on our consolidated financial statements, and do not expect the OBBBA to have a significant impact.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

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+ Details

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (4,794,215)	$ (1,649,843)	$ (25,241,278)	$ (12,327,595)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(13,393)	2,214	(6,006)	(19,530)
Total comprehensive loss	(4,807,608)	(1,647,629)	(25,247,284)	(12,347,125)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(286,955)	0	(482,215)	0
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	$ (4,520,653)	$ (1,647,629)	$ (24,765,069)	$ (12,347,125)

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

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- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

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+ Details

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue recognized over time:
Services - engineering and others (1)	$	372,749	$	1,111,863	$	747,843	$	1,478,363
Grid services	8,127		153,636		91,421		308,574
Grants	270,190		108,885		349,800		323,722
Revenue recognized at point in time:
Products	947,561		543,834		1,655,017		1,389,495
Total revenue	$	1,598,627	$	1,918,218	$	2,844,081	$	3,500,154

__________________

Schedule of aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers


2025 (remaining three months)	$	622,775
2026	569,441
2027	208,073
2028	173,071
Thereafter	154,025
Total (1)	$	1,727,385

__________________

(1) The revenue recognition is subject to the completion of construction and commissioning of the EV infrastructure.

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by geography:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues:
United States	$	1,578,043	$	1,814,904	$	2,676,995	$	3,316,968

Denmark	20,584		103,314		167,086		183,186
	$	1,598,627	$	1,918,218	$	2,844,081	$	3,500,154

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (4,794,215)	$ (6,878,601)	$ (1,649,843)	$ (6,728,737)	$ (25,241,278)	$ (12,327,595)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization					245,796	254,275
Stock-based compensation					814,305	1,991,884
Amortization of discount on debt and promissory notes					166,611	24,167
Change in fair value of warrants/investment rights liability					(673,899)	(2,642,424)
Change in fair value of convertible notes	112,367		0		60,663	0
Change in fair value of derivative liability					0	3,626
Fair value of warrants issued for cryptocurrency strategy consulting services					8,194,000	0
Loss on warrants issuance					0	305,065
Provision for credit losses					990,105	0
Noncash lease expense					592,386	223,892
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable					48,838	56,361
Inventory					336,785	230,712
Prepaid expenses and other assets					(1,542,242)	728,999
Accounts payable					1,062,150	490,130
Accrued expenses and other liabilities					2,146,135	(1,524,707)
Deferred revenue					451,661	(57,207)
Net cash used in operating activities					(12,347,984)	(12,242,822)	$ (15,700,000)	$ (21,300,000)
Investing activities
Acquisition					(340,200)	0
Purchase of property and equipment					(57,099)	(54,630)
Net cash used in investing activities					(397,299)	(54,630)
Financing activities
Proceeds from exercise of warrants					2,083,900	173,027
Proceeds from debt and promissory notes obligations					8,972,199	2,565,500
Repayment of debt and promissory notes obligations					(3,401,943)	(161,929)
Proceeds from common stock offering, including pre-funded warrants, net of issuance costs					5,509,874	8,516,741
Payment of finance lease obligations					(6,835)	(7,816)
Proceeds from issuance of Class B units					150,000	0
Net cash provided in financing activities					13,307,195	11,085,523
Effect of exchange rate on cash					6,006	2,514
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash					567,918	(1,209,415)
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year		$ 691,497		$ 2,014,660	691,497	2,014,660	2,014,660
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$ 1,259,415		$ 805,245		1,259,415	805,245	$ 691,497	$ 2,014,660
Supplemental Disclosure of cash information:
Cash paid for interest					1,096,650	193,322
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
Conversion of Notes and accrued interest to common shares					10,132,855	0
Payment of Promissory with Contingent Receivable					283,578	0
Issuance of preferred class A units for acquisition					$ 166,698	$ 0

Stockholders’ Deficit

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Deficit

Reverse Stock Split

The Reverse Stock Splits did not affect the number of authorized shares of the Company's common stock or the par value of the common stock. Following the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split's effectiveness on January 19, 2024, all references in the consolidated financial statements to number of shares of common stock issued or outstanding, price per share and weighted average number of shares outstanding prior to the 1- for - 40 reverse split have been adjusted to reflect the stock split on a retroactive basis as of the earliest period presented.

Additionally, at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 9, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, and the Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio for the September 2024 Reverse Stock Split, which became effective September 17, 2024. Therefore, in addition to the January Reverse Stock Split, following the September 2024 Reverse Stock Split's effectiveness on September 17, 2024, all references in the consolidated financial statements to number of common shares issued or outstanding, price per share and weighted average number of shares outstanding prior to the 1- for - 10 September 2024 Reverse Stock Split have been adjusted to reflect the stock split on a retroactive basis as of the earliest period presented.

No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock splits and each fractional share resulting from the reverse stock splits were rounded up to the next whole share. As a result of the reverse stock split, 192,222 additional shares of common stock were issued in lieu of fractional shares.

Authorized Shares

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has authorized two classes of stock, Common Stock, and Preferred Stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 201,000,000, of which 200,000,000 authorized shares are Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 1,000,000 authorized shares are Preferred Stock of the par value of $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). Please see Note 11, “Stockholders' Equity,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Company’s stockholders' equity.

On February 21, 2025, the shareholders of the Company, in a special election approved an amendment of the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized Common Stock from 100,000,000 shares to 200,000,000 shares.

July 2025 Registered Public Offering

On July 11, 2025, the Company, entered into an underwriting agreement (the “July 2025 Underwriting Agreement”) with Lucid Capital Markets, LLC (“Lucid”) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Lucid 3,044,463 shares (the “Shares”) of Common Stock and 1,984,940 pre-funded warrants (each representing the right to purchase one Share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001, the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $0.95 per Share (or $0.9499 per Pre-Funded Warrant), and granted to Lucid an option for the issuance and sales of up to 754,411 additional Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants (the “Option”) to be sold by the Company (the “July 2025 Offering”). The July 2025 Offering closed on July 14, 2025. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the July 2025 Offering were approximately $5.5 million, before deducting underwriting discounts of 8.0% of the price to the public and any other expenses payable by the Company in connection with the July 2025 Offering. Pursuant to the July 2025 Underwriting Agreement the Company also agreed to issue to Lucid common stock purchase warrants (the “Representative’s Warrant”) to purchase up to 5.0% of the securities sold in the July 2025 Offering at an exercise price of $1.05 per share of Common Stock.

February 2024 Public Offering

On January 31, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “January 2024 Underwriting Agreement”) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”) regarding an underwritten public offering of its securities (the “Offering”). The Offering was conducted pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC, which was declared effective as of January 31, 2024. On February 2, 2024, the Company completed the Offering and received gross proceeds of approximately $9.6 million prior to deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Craig-Hallum received underwriting discounts and commissions equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds of the Offering, and is further entitled to receive 7.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in connection with the exercise of any of the outstanding Series B Warrants issued in the Offering.

As noted above, on January 31, 2024, the Company entered into the January 2024 Underwriting Agreement regarding the Offering which was comprised of the followings:

1.303,500 shares of common stock;

2.176,500 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock;

3.480,000 Series A Warrants (“Series A Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock, with an initial exercise price of $20.00 per share and a term of five years following the issuance date;

4.480,000 Series B Warrants (“Series B Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock with an exercise price of $20.00 per share and a term of nine months following the issuance date; and

5.480,000 Series C Warrants (“Series C Warrants”) to purchase shares of common stock with an exercise price of $20.00 per share and a term of five years following the issuance date, subject to early expiration as described below.

Each share of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrant issued in the Offering was accompanied by a Series A Warrant to purchase one share of common stock, a Series B Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and a Series C Warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The combined price per share of Common Stock and the accompanying Series A Warrant, Series B Warrant and Series C Warrant was $20.00. The combined price per share of each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Series A Warrant, Series B Warrant, and Series C Warrant was equal to $19.9990, and the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant is $0.0010 per share. The Series C Warrants may only be exercised to the extent and in proportion to a holder of the Series C Warrants exercising its Series B Warrants, and are subject to an early expiration of nine months, in proportion and only to the extent any Series C Warrants expire unexercised. In addition, Craig-Hallum was granted warrants to purchase up to 48,000 shares of common stock (the “Underwriter Warrants”) at an exercise price of $20.00 per share. The Underwriter Warrants have a term of five years and are immediately exercisable, provided that 24,000 of the shares of common stock underlying the Underwriter Warrants shall only be exercisable pro rata upon the exercise of the Series B Warrants issued in the Offering.

The fair value of the Series A, B and C Warrants are recorded as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as the warrants are deemed not to be indexed to the Company’s common stock. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the warrants recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Warrants - Public and Private

In connection with its initial public offering on February 19, 2020, Newborn sold 14,375 units, which included one warrant to purchase Newborn’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”). Also, on February 19, 2020, NeoGenesis Holding Co., Ltd., Newborn’s sponsor (“the Sponsor”), purchased an aggregate of 681 private units, each of which included one warrant (the “Private Warrants”), which have the same terms as the Public Warrants. Upon completion of the merger between Nuvve and Newborn, the Public Warrants and Private Warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company.

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants as described above, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase 3,563 of Newborn’s common stock, at a purchase price of $4,000.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 (the "PIPE"). Upon closing of the PIPE immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE investors also received 1.9 PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Stock for each share of Common Stock purchased. The PIPE Warrants are each exercisable for one-half of a common share at $4,600.00 per share and have the same terms as described above for the Public Warrants. The PIPE investors received demand and piggyback registration rights in connection with the securities issued to them.

Because the Private Warrants have dissimilar terms with respect to the Company’s redemption rights depending on the holder of the Private Warrants, the Company determined that the Private Warrants are required to be carried as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Private Warrants are reflected as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025 and the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants is reflected in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the Private Warrants recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

In May 2025, the Company granted warrants to purchase an aggregate of 11,000,004 shares of warrants to certain consultants of the Company as compensation for cryptocurrency strategy related consulting services rendered (the "May 2025 Consulting Warrants"). The fair value of the May 2025 Consulting Warrants of $8.19 million is equity classified in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025, and reflected as operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

In conjunction with the issuance of September 2025 Convertible Notes, May 2025 Convertible Notes, April 2025 Convertible Notes, March 2025 Convertible Notes, December 2024 Convertible Notes and October 2024 Convertible Notes (see Note 10),

the Company issued to the investors warrants to purchase an aggregate of 649,393, 5,341,879, 1,953,537, 1,777,750, 277,780 and 2,076,036 shares of Common Stock, respectively, at an exercise price of $0.17, $0.78, $0.74, $0.74, $1.00 and $0.74 per share, respectively. Such warrants are reflected as a liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025, and the change in the fair value of the private warrants for the three months ended September 30, 2025 in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 4 for details of changes in fair value of the private warrants recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.


	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercised	Number of Warrants Cancelled	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Adjusted Exercise Price	Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	7,188	—	—	7,188	$4,600.00	$4,600.00	7,188	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants - February 2020	341	—	—	341	$4,600.00	$4,600.00	341	March 19, 2026

PIPE Warrants	3,384	—	—	3,384	$4,600.00	$4,600.00	3,384	March 19, 2026





2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	10,000	—	—	10,000	$1,500.00	$1,500.00	10,000	January 29, 2028
Underwriter Warrants - February 2024 offering	48,000	—	22,500	25,500	$20.00	$20.00	25,500	February 2, 2029

2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A	480,000	—	—	480,000	$20.00	$20.00	480,000	February 2, 2029

2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C	480,000	—	450,000	30,000	$20.00	$20.00	30,000	February 2, 2029
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	2,076,036	1,700,351	—	375,685	$0.74	$0.1711	1,623,501	October 31, 2029
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	277,780	—	—	277,780	$1.00	$1.00	277,780	December 31, 2029
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,777,750	285,028	—	1,492,722	$0.74	$0.1711	6,483,939	March 5, 2030
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	1,953,537	769,546	—	1,183,991	$0.74	$0.1711	4,980,253	April 28, 2030
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	5,341,879	50,000	—	5,291,879	$0.78	$0.1711	24,102,223	May 30, 2030
2025 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-funded Warrants	1,984,940	1,507,795	—	477,145	$0.0001	$0.0001	477,145	Until Exercised in Full
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants	649,393	—	—	649,393	$0.1711	$0.1711	649,393	September 10, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	3,000,000	—	—	3,000,000	$1.05	$1.05	3,000,000	May 7, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	3,000,000	—	—	3,000,000	$1.25	$1.25	3,000,000	May 7, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	3,000,000	—	—	3,000,000	$1.50	$1.50	3,000,000	May 7, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	666,668	—	—	666,668	$1.00	$1.00	666,668	May 18, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	666,668	—	—	666,668	$1.25	$1.25	666,668	May 18, 2030
May 2025 Consulting Warrants	666,668	—	—	666,668	$1.50	$1.50	666,668	May 18, 2030
	26,090,232	4,312,720	472,500	21,305,012			50,150,651

Unit Purchase Option

On February 19, 2020, Newborn sold to the underwriters of its initial public offering (the “IPO”) for $100, (pre-stock split) a unit purchase option ("UPO") to purchase up to a total of 791 units at $4,600.00 per unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $3,636,875) commencing on the date of Newborn's initial business combination, March 19, 2021, and expiring February 13, 2025. Each unit issuable upon exercise of the UPO consists of one and one-tenth of a share of the Company's common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at the exercise price of $4,600.00 per share. The warrant has the same terms as the Public Warrant. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of the UPO or the warrants underlying the UPO. The holders of the unit purchase option have demand and "piggy back" registration rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the IPO, including securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The UPO is classified within stockholders’ equity as “additional paid-in capital” in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as the UPO is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

Treasury Stock

The Company's Board authorizes repurchases of Common Stock from time to time. These authorizations give management discretion in determining the timing and conditions under which shares may be repurchased. This repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

The share repurchase activity pursuant to this authorization is as follows:



	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Beginning balance	1,680		—
Shares repurchased	—		1,680
Average purchase price per share	$	—	$	0.0001
Amount spent on repurchased shares	$	—	$	0.17
Aggregate Board of Directors repurchase authorizations during the period	—		$	1,680
Ending balance	1,680		1,680

The purchase of treasury stock reduces the number of shares outstanding. The repurchased shares may be used by the Company for compensation programs utilizing the Company's stock and other corporate purposes. The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method and includes treasury stock as a component of stockholders' equity.

Preferred Class A Units - Fermata Energy II LLC

In connection with the acquisition of Fermata in April 2025, 4,900,000 units of preferred class A units, which is also the total number of authorized preferred class A units, were issued to the former debt holders of the Seller. See Note 20 for details. The preferred class A units are nonconvertible and nonredeemable, and does not pay dividends. The preferred class A unit holders are entitled to an accrued compounded 10.0% annual preferred return, and certain distributions in the event of profit until they are fully paid back their initial capital contributions which will be the final distribution and termination of their preferred class A unit holdings.

Class B Units - Nuvve New Mexico LLC

In connection with the formation of Nuvve New Mexico LLC in April 2025, class B units of up to 2,500,000 were authorized to be issued to members admitted into the Nuvve New Mexico LLC through subscription as investors. The class B units are nonconvertible and nonredeemable, and does not pay dividend. The class B unit holders are entitled to an accrued cumulative 18.0% annual preferred return on unreturned capital contributions. As of September 30, 2025, two members have been admitted as a Class B unit members with an aggregate subscription of 150,000 Class B units at $1.00 per unit.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

+ Details

Stockholders’ Deficit- Unit Purchase Option (Details)	Feb. 19, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares
IPO \| Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of warrants per unit (in shares)	1
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)	1
Unit Purchase Option
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Shares issued (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 100
Exercisable units (in shares)	791
Options exercisable (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Aggregate exercise price \| $	$ 3,636,875
Number of shares included in a unit (in shares)	1.1
Unit Purchase Option \| Minimum
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Right to registration, period	5 years
Unit Purchase Option \| Maximum
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Right to registration, period	7 years

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic	$ (4,507,260)	$ (1,649,843)	$ (24,759,063)	$ (12,327,595)
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted	$ (4,507,260)	$ (1,649,843)	$ (24,759,063)	$ (12,327,595)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic (in shares)	18,557,638	666,894	8,954,465	567,486
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	18,557,638	666,894	8,954,465	567,486
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.24)	$ (2.47)	$ (2.76)	$ (21.72)
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.24)	$ (2.47)	$ (2.76)	$ (21.72)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities, and addition from assumption of issuance of common shares for dilutive potential common shares; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References + Details

Investments (Details)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Investments (Details)	Oct. 08, 2025 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consulting services \| $		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Dreev
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent		4.65%		4.65%
Dreev \| Subsequent Event
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership, percent	4.65%
Proceeds from sale of equity method investments \| €	€ 800,000

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Leases - Lease cost (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Lease cost (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease assets	$ 3,907,809		$ 3,907,809		$ 4,493,360
Finance lease assets	3,008		3,008		6,890
Total lease assets	$ 3,910,817		$ 3,910,817		$ 4,500,250
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position [extensible list]	Property and equipment, net		Property and equipment, net		Property and equipment, net
Operating lease liabilities - current	$ 864,139		$ 864,139		$ 914,800
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	3,698,514		3,698,514		4,254,173
Finance lease liabilities - current	4,212		4,212		6,969
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	0		0		1,519
Total lease obligations	$ 4,566,865		$ 4,566,865		$ 5,177,461
Finance lease, liability, current, statement of financial position, extensible list	Other liabilities		Other liabilities		Other liabilities
Finance lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position, extensible list	Other long-term liabilities		Other long-term liabilities		Other long-term liabilities
Total lease expense	$ 199,757	$ 233,939	$ 671,209	$ 694,412
Selling, general and administrative
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease expense	198,319	232,255	666,291	689,503
Amortization of finance lease assets	1,322	1,370	4,400	3,917
Interest (expense) income, net
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest (expense) income, net	$ 116	$ 314	$ 518	$ 992

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there were no significant updates made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying (i) unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (ii) unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is recommended that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the 2024 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and total equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2025 or any future period.

In accordance with the related Going Concern accounting standards, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $190.4 million and $165.6 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company incurred operating losses of approximately $25.5 million as of the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $20.5 million and $32.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The Company's cash used in operations was $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $15.7 million and $21.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a cash balance, negative working capital, and total deficit of $0.9 million, $3.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and will need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability and to repay its $2.2 million of debt due within a year after these financial statements are issued. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's GIVe platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

Management plans to fund current operations and satisfy its other obligations through increased revenues and raising additional capital. Management's expectations with respect to the Company’s ability to fund current operations and its other obligations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. There is an inherent risk that the Company may not achieve such financial projections and if so, cash outflows could be higher than currently anticipated. However, as such plans are not solely within management’s control, management cannot conclude as of the date of this filing that the plans are probable of being successfully implemented and as such has concluded that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the date of issuance of our financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company formed Deep Impact with Nuvve CPO and WISE, in which the Company owned 51% of Deep Impact's common units (See Note 1). The Company has determined that Deep Impact is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Deep Impact and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by WISE.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests.

The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIE. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the Company's VIE assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets

Cash	$	2,937	$	10,404




Inventories	183,219		$	—
Intercompany loan receivable	—		$	930,019
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	117,279		52,190
Total Current Assets	303,435		992,613
Property and equipment, net	79,000		—
Intangible assets, net	149,000		—
Goodwill	96,000		—
Intercompany receivable	2,482,005		—
Security deposit, long-term	18,489		—
Total Assets	$	3,127,929	$	992,613

Liabilities

Accounts payable	$	37,397	$	166,681
Accrued expenses and dividend payable	33,594		—
Promissory notes	1,754,391		884,676
Intercompany payable	1,519,492		—








Total Liabilities	$	3,344,874	$	1,051,357

Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay complying with new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act")). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, lease incremental borrowing rate, derivative liability associated with redeemable preferred shares, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, annual bonus accrual, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area. In connection with a new office lease agreement, the Company was required to provide an irrevocable, unconditional letter of credit to the landlord upon execution of the lease. The amount securing the letter of credit was recorded as restricted cash as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $320,000.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 35.2% and 27.8% of revenue, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, three customers accounted for 60.5% and 35.7% of revenue, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 72.4% and 49.8% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 72.3% and 49.2% of the Company’s total revenue.

At September 30, 2025, three customers accounted for 53.4% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 71.6% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 68.4% and 81.3% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all probable bad debt losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

None Applicable

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid in both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, prescribes standard categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s annual year ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires a public business entity ("PBE") to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, additional information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements. Specifically, in a tabular disclosure, the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption. Within the same tabular disclosure, a PBE is required to include certain expense, gain, or loss amounts that are already required to be disclosed under U.S. GAAP. Additionally, a PBE is required to disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. The guidance also requires a PBE to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statement disclosures.

Debt - Schedule of future maturities of debt obligations (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2025 (remaining three months)	$ 1,623,608
2026	570,616
2027	840,500
Total debt	$ 3,034,724	$ 5,487,831

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))
-SubTopic 10
-Topic 210
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-2

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S50
-Paragraph 4
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480738/235-10-S50-4

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 8
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69C
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1D
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (b)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-4

+ Details

Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventory by category

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
DC Chargers	$	3,700,167	$	3,966,115
AC Chargers	334,100		474,154

Component parts and Carbon Credit	220,850		151,633
Total	$	4,255,117	$	4,591,902

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 1,598,627	$ 1,918,218	$ 2,844,081	$ 3,500,154
Operating expenses
Selling, general, and administrative	4,763,634	2,126,681	23,723,683	12,544,563
Research and development	1,179,288	710,291	3,156,223	3,773,435
Total operating expenses	6,709,898	3,755,059	28,339,191	18,348,244
Operating loss	(5,111,271)	(1,836,841)	(25,495,110)	(14,848,090)
Other income (expense)
Interest (expense) income, net	(477,482)	(242,468)	(1,720,316)	(222,720)
Change in fair value of convertible notes	(112,367)	0	(60,663)	0
Change in fair value of warrants/investment rights liability	232,717	329,990	673,899	2,642,424
Change in fair value of derivative liability	0	0	0	(3,626)
Other, net	674,188	99,476	1,360,912	104,417
Total other income (expense), net	317,056	186,998	253,832	2,520,495
Loss before taxes	(4,794,215)	(1,649,843)	(25,241,278)	(12,327,595)
Income tax expense	0	0	0	0
Net loss	(4,794,215)	(1,649,843)	(25,241,278)	(12,327,595)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(286,955)	0	(482,215)	0
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(4,507,260)	(1,649,843)	(24,759,063)	(12,327,595)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	0	0	0	0
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	0	0	0	0
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders	$ (4,507,260)	$ (1,649,843)	$ (24,759,063)	$ (12,327,595)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.24)	$ (2.47)	$ (2.76)	$ (21.72)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.24)	$ (2.47)	$ (2.76)	$ (21.72)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in shares)	18,557,638	666,894	8,954,465	567,486
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	18,557,638	666,894	8,954,465	567,486
Products
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 947,561	$ 543,834	$ 1,655,017	$ 1,389,495
Operating expenses
Cost of revenue	735,730	409,390	1,277,069	1,002,964
Services
Revenue
Total revenue	380,876	1,265,499	839,264	1,786,937
Operating expenses
Cost of revenue	31,246	508,697	182,216	1,027,282
Grants
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 270,190	$ 108,885	$ 349,800	$ 323,722

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company has entered into leases for commercial office spaces and vehicles. These leases are not unilaterally cancellable by the Company, are legally enforceable, and specify fixed or minimum amounts. The leases expire at various dates through 2031 and provide for renewal options. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties.

The leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain minimum increases. Also, the agreements generally require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs.

Supplemental unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	Classification	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	3,907,809	4,493,360
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	3,008		6,890
Total lease assets		$	3,910,817	$	4,500,250

Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	864,139	914,800
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	3,698,514		4,254,173
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	4,212		6,969
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	—		1,519
Total lease liabilities		$	4,566,865	$	5,177,461

The components of lease expense are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024

Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	198,319	$	232,255	$	666,291	$	689,503
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,322		1,370		4,400		3,917
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest (expense) income, net	116		314		518		992
Total lease expense		$	199,757	$	233,939	$	671,209	$	694,412


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2025
2025	$	221,515	$	2,789
2026	907,467		1,964
2027	913,705		—
2028	898,606		—
2029	925,564		—
Thereafter	1,935,803		—
Total lease payments	5,802,660		4,753
Less: interest	(1,240,007)		(541)
Total lease obligations	$	4,562,653	$	4,212

Lease term and discount rate:


	September 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	6.15	6.7
Finance lease	0.50	1.3

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%	7.8%

Other Information:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows - operating leases	$	592,386	$	223,892
Operating cash flows - finance leases	$	—	$	5,459
Financing cash flows - finance leases	$	6,835	$	7,816

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	3,008	$	8,636
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

In April 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with certain local San Diego companies to sublease a portion of the Company's 8,000 square foot expansion. The term of the sublease is six months to seven years with fixed base rental income ranging from $16,058 to $37,880 per month. The sublease has no option for renewal or extension at the end of the sublease term.

Sublease income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024

Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	153,914	$	86,675	$	394,598	$	300,054

Lessor

In February 2022, the Company entered into a 10 year master services agreement ("MSA") with a certain school district for FaaS to electrify their school bus fleet. A statement of work (“SOW”) for engineering, procurement and construction ("EPC") was also executed in conjunction with the MSA. As part of this SOW, the Company will provide electric vehicle supply equipment ("EVSE") and related warranties, infrastructure engineering and construction, installation of EVSE, and subscription services to Nuvve’s V2G GIVe platform. The MSA has both lease and non-lease components. The lease component is the EVSE and non-lease components are the EPCs. The Company accounted for the lease components as a sale-type lease with the investment in lease of $98,896 and $101,415 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Lease income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024
Lease income	Products and services	$	852	$	1,138	$	2,519	$	3,415
Interest income	Products and services	4,606		4,823		13,157		13,802
Total lease income		$	5,458	$	5,961	$	15,676	$	17,217

Leases

Supplemental unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	Classification	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	3,907,809	4,493,360
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	3,008		6,890
Total lease assets		$	3,910,817	$	4,500,250

Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	864,139	914,800
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	3,698,514		4,254,173
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	4,212		6,969
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	—		1,519
Total lease liabilities		$	4,566,865	$	5,177,461

The components of lease expense are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024

Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	198,319	$	232,255	$	666,291	$	689,503
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,322		1,370		4,400		3,917
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest (expense) income, net	116		314		518		992
Total lease expense		$	199,757	$	233,939	$	671,209	$	694,412


	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2025
2025	$	221,515	$	2,789
2026	907,467		1,964
2027	913,705		—
2028	898,606		—
2029	925,564		—
Thereafter	1,935,803		—
Total lease payments	5,802,660		4,753
Less: interest	(1,240,007)		(541)
Total lease obligations	$	4,562,653	$	4,212

Lease term and discount rate:


	September 30, 2025	December 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	6.15	6.7
Finance lease	0.50	1.3

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%	7.8%

Other Information:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows - operating leases	$	592,386	$	223,892
Operating cash flows - finance leases	$	—	$	5,459
Financing cash flows - finance leases	$	6,835	$	7,816

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	3,008	$	8,636
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

Sublease income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024

Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	153,914	$	86,675	$	394,598	$	300,054

Lessor

Lease income are as follows:


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2025		2024		2025		2024
Lease income	Products and services	$	852	$	1,138	$	2,519	$	3,415
Interest income	Products and services	4,606		4,823		13,157		13,802
Total lease income		$	5,458	$	5,961	$	15,676	$	17,217

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Sep. 30, 2025	Nov. 08, 2025
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2025
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40296
Entity Registrant Name	NUVVE HOLDING CORP.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	86-1617000
Entity Address, Address Line One	2488 Historic Decatur Road, Suite 230
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego,
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92106
City Area Code	(619)
Local Phone Number	456-5161
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		33,566,009
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001836875
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	NVVE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrants
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Trading Symbol	NVVEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

Investments	9 Months Ended
Investments	Sep. 30, 2025
Investments [Abstract]
Investments	Investments The Company accounts for its 4.65% equity ownership in Dreev as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company has a consulting services agreement with Dreev related to software development and operations. The consulting services were zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. The consulting services are being provided to Dreev at the Company’s cost and is recognized as other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. On October 8, 2025, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with EDF and Dreev, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to EDF all of the equity interests of Dreev held by the Company, representing approximately 4.65% of the total interests of Dreev. In exchange, EDF agreed to pay the Company a lump sum payment of 800,000 Euros.

Stockholders’ Deficit- Narrative (Details)										3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Deficit- Narrative (Details)	Jul. 14, 2025 USD ($) $ / shares	Jul. 11, 2025 $ / shares shares	Sep. 17, 2024	Sep. 16, 2024	Feb. 02, 2024 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares	Jan. 19, 2024	Nov. 11, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 19, 2020 shares	Sep. 30, 2024 shares	Sep. 30, 2025 USD ($) member class_of_stock $ / shares shares	May 31, 2025 shares	Apr. 30, 2025 shares	Apr. 25, 2025	Feb. 21, 2025 shares	Feb. 20, 2025 shares	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock conversion ratio			0.1	0.1			0.025
Common stock reverse split - rounding (in shares)										0
Number of classes of stock \| class_of_stock											2
Authorized capital stock (in shares)											201,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in Shares)											200,000,000				200,000,000	100,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)											1,000,000						1,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)											21,305,012
Number of Warrants (in shares)											26,090,232
Preferred unit, issued (in shares)											4,900,000						0
Preferred unit, authorized (in shares)											4,900,000						4,900,000
Common unit, authorized (in shares)											2,500,000						2,500,000
Common unit, outstanding (in shares)											150,000						0
Nuvve New Mexico LLC
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of subscribed members \| member											2
Preferred Class A \| Fermata Energy II LLC
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Preferred unit, issued (in shares)													4,900,000
Preferred unit, authorized (in shares)													4,900,000
Annual preferred return, percentage													0.100	0.100
Common Class B \| Nuvve New Mexico LLC
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Annual preferred return, percentage													0.180
Common unit, authorized (in shares)													2,500,000
Common unit, outstanding (in shares)											150,000
Common unit, price per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 1.00
Investor
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)								3,563
Newborn \| Investor
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 4,000
Newborn \| PIPE
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Amount of purchase \| $								$ 14,250,000
Pre-Funded Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants (in shares)		1,984,940
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)		1
Sale price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.9499
PIPE warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)								1.9
Sale price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 4,600
Percent of one share of common stock								50.00%
Private Warrants May 2025
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants (in shares)												11,000,004
Warrants, fair value \| $											$ 8,190,000
Common Stock
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Common stock reverse split - rounding (in shares)										192,222	192,222
Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)									14,375
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.78
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)											50,000
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)											5,291,879
Number of Warrants (in shares)											5,341,879
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.74
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)											1,183,991
Number of Warrants (in shares)											1,953,537
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.74
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)											1,492,722
Number of Warrants (in shares)											1,777,750
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 1.00
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)											277,780
Number of Warrants (in shares)											277,780
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.74
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)											375,685
Number of Warrants (in shares)											2,076,036
Underwriting Agreement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)		3,044,463
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.0001
Sale price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.95
Amount of purchase \| $	$ 5,500,000				$ 9,600,000
Underwriter agent fee percentage	8.00%
Per unit price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 20.00
Share price adjustment \| $ / shares						19.9990
Underwriting Agreement \| Underwriter Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 20.00
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)		754,411				48,000
Warrants outstanding, term						5 years
Number of warrants exercisable (in shares)						24,000
Underwriting Agreement \| Representative's Warrant
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.05
Warrants exercised, percent	5.00%
Underwriting Agreement \| Common Stock
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)						303,500
Underwriter agent fee percentage					7.00%
Underwriting Agreement \| Warrants \| Pre-Funded Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)						176,500
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 0.0010
Underwriting Agreement \| Warrants \| Series A Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)						480,000
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)						1
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 20.00
Warrants outstanding, term						5 years
Underwriting Agreement \| Warrants \| Series B Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)						480,000
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)						1
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 20.00
Warrants outstanding, term						9 months
Underwriting Agreement \| Warrants \| Series C Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)						480,000
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)						1
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 20.00
Warrants outstanding, term						5 years
IPO \| Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of warrants per unit (in shares)									1
Private Placement \| Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of warrants per unit (in shares)									1
Private Placement \| Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Aggregate share purchase (in shares)									681

Acquisition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisition

Fermata Acquisition

On April 25, 2025, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Fermata Energy LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Seller”) and Fermata Energy II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and newly formed subsidiary of the Company (“Fermata"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire, through Fermata, substantially all of the assets and certain specified liabilities of the Seller in exchange for a total purchase price of approximately $506,898, consisting of approximately $340,200 in cash, and the fair value of the preferred units issued to the former debt holders of the Seller. The former debt holders of the Seller were issued 4,900,000 of preferred units in connection with the acquisition. The Fermata acquisition closed on April 25, 2025.

The Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and agreements by the Company and customary indemnification obligations of the Company.

The following table summarizes the final fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date reflecting all measurement period adjustments:


Consideration transferred:
Cash	$	340,200

Fair value of Class A Preferred units issued	$	166,698
Total	$	506,898

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired:
Inventory	$	423,138
Furniture Fixtures and Equipment	79,000
Other Assets	10,081
Intangible Property	149,000
Accounts payable	(250,321)
Total identifiable net assets	410,898
Goodwill	96,000
Total	$	506,898

The financial effect of the acquisition was not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company has not presented pro forma results of operations for the acquisition because it is not significant to the Company's condensed consolidated results of operations.

As a result of the final fair value of the acquisition and purchase price allocation, the Class A Preferred value amount decreased by $608,278 to $166,698, and the Goodwill amount decreased by $607,957 to $96,000, from the preliminary purchase price allocations.

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Effective tax rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (ee)
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 22
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 20
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Reportable Segment and Significant Segment Expenses- Schedule of Significant Segment Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Jun. 30, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 1,598,627			$ 1,918,218			$ 2,844,081	$ 3,500,154
Selling, general, and administrative expense:
Selling, general, and administrative	4,763,634			2,126,681			23,723,683	12,544,563
Research and development expense:
Total research and development expense	1,179,288			710,291			3,156,223	3,773,435
Total other income (expense), net	317,056			186,998			253,832	2,520,495
Income tax expense	0			0			0	0
Net loss	(4,794,215)	$ (13,568,462)	$ (6,878,601)	(1,649,843)	$ (3,949,015)	$ (6,728,737)	(25,241,278)	(12,327,595)
Reportable Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,598,627			1,918,218			2,844,081	3,500,154
Cost of sales	766,976			918,087			1,459,285	2,030,246
Selling, general, and administrative expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	2,013,308			350,302			6,427,668	6,691,483
Consultants	22,887			341			82,757	15,668
Marketing	152,009			102,831			965,841	229,248
Rent	229,581			253,350			762,808	744,727
Professional fees	307,532			385,604			864,914	670,890
Legal	394,682			132,689			1,759,787	611,125
Insurance (excluding health & D&O)	112,401			157,792			364,724	485,466
IT Expense	232,664			492,642			748,481	1,144,741
Travel	68,915			19,345			154,444	175,774
Office Meal and Employee Reimbursement	8,346			15,146			25,517	61,515
Dues & Subscriptions	61,609			79,729			176,218	278,394
Repairs and Maintenance	129			0			129	(10,708)
Office Supplies	312			752			2,721	4,891
Telephone	1,859			1,366			6,177	5,207
Utilities	15,176			14,553			36,825	37,237
Depreciation & Amortization	85,373			83,823			245,796	256,425
Bank charges	49,770			8,631			101,143	26,173
Fair value of warrants issued for cryptocurrency strategy consulting services	0			0			8,194,000	0
Public Co Fees	917,039			360,734			1,692,373	1,372,584
Provision for credit losses	0			0			991,255	0
Other	90,042			(332,949)			120,105	(256,277)
Selling, general, and administrative	4,763,634			2,126,681			23,723,683	12,544,563
Research and development expense:
Employee compensation and benefits	815,010			9,462			2,009,418	1,343,925
Consultants	108,861			439,821			326,745	1,451,261
Rent	1,431			0			1,431	0
License fees	31,508			14,180			136,381	44,485
Legal	127,399			8,523			348,362	114,856
IT Expense	73,176			217,699			282,011	747,527
Travel	18,875			5,057			33,741	37,771
Office Meal and Employee Reimbursement	796			2,494			4,006	11,343
Repairs and Maintenance	(455)			12,239			3,972	17,381
Other	2,687			816			10,156	4,886
Total research and development expense	1,179,288			710,291			3,156,223	3,773,435
Total other income (expense), net	317,056			186,998			253,832	2,520,495
Income tax expense	0			0			0	0
Net loss	$ (4,794,215)			$ (1,649,843)			$ (25,241,278)	$ (12,327,595)

Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
DC Chargers	$	3,700,167	$	3,966,115
AC Chargers	334,100		474,154

Component parts and Carbon Credit	220,850		151,633
Total	$	4,255,117	$	4,591,902

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2025 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.74
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	0.78
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.1711
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term		3 years
Exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 1,500
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		0.0447
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		0.570
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		3.12
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	3 years 4 months 6 days	4 years 1 month 2 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.00	$ 20.00
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0363	0.0433
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.810	0.850
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24	3.12
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 29 days	4 years 9 months 18 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.78	$ 3.78
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0380	0.0420
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.454	0.496
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24	3.12
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	6 months 29 days	1 year 3 months 29 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.78	$ 3.40
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0380	0.0420
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.454	0.496
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - October 2024 \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24	3.12
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Additional Investment Rights - October 2024
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	6 months 29 days	1 year 3 months 29 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.78	$ 3.40
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Additional Investment Rights - October 2024 \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0380	0.0420
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Additional Investment Rights - October 2024 \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Additional Investment Rights - October 2024 \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.454	0.496
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Additional Investment Rights - October 2024 \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24	3.12
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 3 months 18 days	5 years
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.26	$ 3.26
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0380	0.0433
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.454	0.850
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input		3.12
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 5 months 4 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.74
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0370
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.466
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 6 months 29 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.74
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0370
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.466
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 8 months 1 day
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.74
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0370
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.466
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	1 year 2 months 4 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.74
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0370
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Dividends
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.466
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - May 2025 \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	4 years 11 months 8 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0360
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.462
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| 2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	1 year 5 months 15 days
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 \| Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.0360
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 \| Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.462
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Fair Value, Nonrecurring \| Senior Convertible Notes - September 2025 \| Measurement Input, Share Price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.24

Stockholders’ Deficit - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025 $ / shares shares
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	26,090,232
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	4,312,720
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	472,500
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	21,305,012
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	50,150,651
Public Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	7,188
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	7,188
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	7,188
Private Warrants - February 2020
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	341
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	341
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	341
PIPE Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	3,384
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,384
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 4,600
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,384
2022 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	10,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	10,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1,500
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1,500
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	10,000
Underwriter Warrants - February 2024 offering
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	48,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	22,500
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	25,500
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	25,500
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series A
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	480,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	480,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	480,000
2024 February Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants - series C
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	480,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	450,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	30,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 20.00
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	30,000
2024 October Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	2,076,036
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	1,700,351
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	375,685
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.74
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 0.1711
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	1,623,501
2024 December Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	277,780
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	277,780
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.00
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.00
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	277,780
2025 March Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,777,750
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	285,028
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	1,492,722
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.74
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 0.1711
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	6,483,939
2025 April Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,953,537
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	769,546
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	1,183,991
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.74
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 0.1711
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	4,980,253
2025 May Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	5,341,879
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	50,000
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	5,291,879
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.78
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 0.1711
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	24,102,223
2025 July Institutional/Accredited Investor Pre-funded Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,984,940
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	1,507,795
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	477,145
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	477,145
2025 September Institutional/Accredited Investor Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	649,393
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	649,393
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.1711
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 0.1711
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	649,393
Warrants - May 7, 2025 - 1st Tranche
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	3,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,000,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.05
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.05
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,000,000
Warrants - May 7, 2025 - 2nd Tranche
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	3,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,000,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.25
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.25
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,000,000
Warrants - May 7, 2025 - 3rd Tranche
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	3,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,000,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.50
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.50
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	3,000,000
Warrants - May 18, 2025 - 1st Tranche
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	666,668
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	666,668
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.00
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.00
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	666,668
Warrants - May 18, 2025 - 2nd Tranche
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	666,668
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	666,668
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.25
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.25
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	666,668
Warrants - May 18, 2025 - 3rd Tranche
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	666,668
Number of Warrants Exercised (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Cancelled (in shares)	0
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	666,668
Exercise price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.50
Adjusted Exercise Price (In dollars per shares) \| $ / shares	$ 1.50
Adjusted Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	666,668